Zhou Chengwang

Ji song

Jisheng (1021 BC), King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty, was born in Qishan County, Shaanxi Province. The second monarch of the Zhou Dynasty, the son of Jifa, King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty, and the grandson of Jiang Ziya, the Grand Master of the Zhou Dynasty, whose mother is the queen Yijiang.

At the beginning of his succession, he was still young and was Regent by his uncle Zhou GongDan to pacify the three prisons. After the reign of King Cheng of Zhou, he built a new capital of Cheng Zhou, ruled China, granted great feudal lords, sent troops to the East, made rites and music, and consolidated the rule of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

He died of illness in 1021 B.C. and reigned for 22 years. During the reign of King Cheng of Zhou and his son king Kang of Zhou, the society was stable, the people were harmonious, and there was no need for punishment for more than 40 years.

Life of the characters

Zhou Gong

When King Wu of Zhou died two years after conquering the Shang Dynasty, Ji song was established as the leader. Because King Cheng was young, the world was initially decided, and his uncle, Duke Zhou, was afraid that the princes would betray Zhou, so he took charge of the world by himself. Duke Zhou personally practiced the throne of the emperor, which aroused the suspicion of Guan Shu, Cai Shu and other brothers, so Guan and Cai united with Wu Geng to launch a rebellion against the Zhou Dynasty. On the order of King Cheng, Duke Zhou pacified the rebellion, killed Wu Geng and Guan Shu, and exiled Cai Shu. Let weizikai inherit the descendants of Yin Dynasty and build a new country in Song Dynasty. He also collected all the adherents of the Yin Dynasty and granted them to King Wu's younger brother, who was made uncle Wei Kang. Uncle Tang of Jin Dynasty got a kind of grain with two seedlings in one ear, which was dedicated to King Cheng. King Cheng gave it to Duke Zhou, who was far away in the military camp. In the East, Duke Zhou accepted the rice Valley and praised the God's mandate. In the sixth year of Regency, Duke of Zhou made rites and music, presented measures, and made great clothes in the world. In the seventh year of Regency, King Cheng was old enough to be in charge, so he was still in charge, and became a minister in the north. Chengwang made great contributions to the governance of the world by the Duke of Zhou. He enfeoffed the Duke of Zhou to Qufu, a place with a radius of seven hundred Li and thousands of chariots. He also ordered the later Duke of Lu to offer sacrifices to the Duke of Zhou.

Chengwang Jianyan

In the middle of Shang Dynasty, Nangeng and Yangjia, the kings of Shang Dynasty, had their capitals in Yan, and moved their capitals to other places until Pangeng. However, Yan retained a large number of people of Shang Dynasty and gradually developed into a powerful Fang state in the East. Because of its close relationship with Shang, it was called "Shang Yan" by a large number of historical materials. After the outbreak of the "three prison rebellion", Guan Shu, Cai Shu and Wu Geng Lu Fu, the son of Yin Zhou, who were originally enfeoffed in the old land of yin and Shang, started a rebellion. The rebellion was also supported by small Oriental countries such as Xu, Yan and Bo Gu. According to historical records, Sangu advised Lu Fu at that time: "King Wu just died, King Cheng was young, and Duke Zhou was suspected by people all over the world. This is a golden opportunity. Please do something!" The rebellion had a great influence. King Cheng ordered Duke Zhou to dispatch his army to the east to fight against the rebellion. Only after one year of rescuing the rebellion, two years of conquering Yin and three years of practicing and dying, could the rebellion be ended. The protagonist of this rebellion, Wu Geng was killed, Guan Shu committed suicide, Cai Shu was captured, and the state of Yan was destroyed, and his monarch was moved to pugu (near Qingzhou, Shandong).

Building Luoyi

After the rebellion, King Cheng of Zhou began to inherit King Wu's will and set up a new capital in Tuzhong, which had the residence of Xia, to manage the vast territory of the East. King Cheng first sent the Imperial Guard Zhaogong to Luoyi to inspect the terrain and plan the address of the capital. On his way, Zhao Gong walked for half a month and arrived at daluoyi on the fifth day of March. On the seventh day of the lunar new year, Zhao Gong instructed Yin min to plan the location of Chengguo, Gongshi, Jiaomiao and Chaoshi on the North Bank of Luoshui. On the eleventh day, the plan was completed. The next day, Duke Zhou arrived at Luoyi, inspected Xinyi comprehensively, and divined. He built Xinyi between Jianshui East and Jianshui West, and on the shore of Luoshui east of Jianshui. So Duke Zhou sent the map of Luoyi and bu Zhaocheng to King Cheng. With the approval of King Cheng, he killed cattle, sheep and pigs on the 14th and 15th and set up a temple in Xinyi. After another seven days, the Duke of Zhou issued an order to all the vassals and Yin people, and then ordered Yin people to start large-scale construction. After eight or nine months of construction, the city of Chengzhou was completed by the end of the year. Not long after, King Cheng of Zhou came to Luoyi, where he ordered all the princes to come to pay homage and offer gifts such as Yuzhang and Dagong. Zhao Gong made a speech to Cheng Wang, and warned him that he would not lose the great trust of heaven and the achievements of the former king. Although he was young, he was the head of the state, hoping to make peace with the people. Today, when Cheng Wang moved to Tuzhong (Luoyi) to manage the government himself, he should be more cautious, respect virtue and practice moral education. Zhao Gong said: "heaven will give wisdom, good or bad fortune and a time limit to enjoy the Kingdom according to the emperor's virtue. At the beginning of his occupation of the new capital, our king should advocate virtue and pray for the eternal mission of governing the world. Today, I lead the leaders of all the nations to enter the court to celebrate, not to comfort the king, but to offer gifts and sacrifices to heaven, so that the throne can be passed on from generation to generation forever. " Zhou Chengwang said to Zhaogong, "I'm still young and need your help. I hope that the Duke will carry forward the great and brilliant merit, make me inherit the cause of King Wen and King Wu, answer the instruction of God, make the people in all directions happy, and make the capital in Luoshi, hold grand ceremonies and handle grand sacrifices in an orderly way. The public's merits shine on the world, and they are industrious in all directions. They generally carry out good political affairs, but they are not confused by rebellious things. The civil and military officials try their best to carry out your edification, and I, as a young man, should be careful to offer sacrifices in the morning and night. "

Home in China

In April of the fifth year of King Cheng, King Cheng of Zhou offered a good fortune to King Wu in the palace of Beijing, and gave instructions to the clan boy he, saying: "he's father followed King Wen, who was ruled by heaven. After King Wu destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he offered sacrifices to heaven, and took Luoyi as the center of the world to rule the people. You descendants should remember the blessings of your ancestors. " Later, King Cheng of Zhou rewarded He Bei with 30 friends. In February of the seventh year of King Cheng, King Cheng of Zhou sent the Taibao Zhaogong to the Prime Minister of Luoyi. In March, he sent the Duke of Zhou to move his house on the auspicious day of Chengzhou divination. When the ceremony of sacrifice was held in Luoyi, Duke Zhou said, "Luoyi, the new capital, has become. It will be the place where you first became the king of all people. There, for the first time, you will observe ceremonious etiquette and hold a sacrificial ceremony in Luoyi, which has been arranged in an orderly way. " King Cheng said, "you assiduously assisted me as a young man. You instructed me to carry forward the achievements of King Wen and King Wu. You answered heaven's orders and comforted all the people. You lived in Luoyi and held a grand ceremony. I will obey your instruction. " When the celebrations were over, Cheng Wang led the ministers of the Manchu Dynasty and the heads of the States to hold a winter festival in Luoyi, on December 12, the seventh year of Regency of the Duke of Zhou. On the first day of the first month of the next year, Chengwang was in charge of the government, and sacrificed to the temples of King Wen and King Wu with the ceremony of enjoying the court, reporting the important events of his successor. Present a red cow at the Wenwang temple and the Wuwang Temple respectively. King Cheng entered the temple and offered wine to the spirits of the former king. So far, King Cheng completed the ceremony of moving the capital and being in charge. the theory that King Cheng moved his house has also been confirmed in literature and archaeology. In the 1960s, the "Inscription of he Zun" unearthed in Shaanxi Province clearly recorded that King Cheng moved to Luoyi. The words "moved to Chengzhou" and "moved to China, helped the people" recorded the history of King Cheng's moving to Luoyi. The ancients called Luoyang China, which means in the world. The Zhou Dynasty established a new capital here, which was conducive to the rule of the people. After Chengwang came into power, the Duke of Zhou wrote the admonition "Shangshu · Wuyi", which admonished Chengwang not to pursue too much enjoyment, but to play, play, drink and hunt without restraint, which was harmful to the country and the body.

Weekly meeting

In the seventh year of King Cheng of the Zhou Dynasty, Luoyi, which was painstakingly built by the Zhou Dynasty, was declared to be completed. Then, on the ground of "four sides paying tribute to daolijun", Luoyi was decided to be the new capital, known as "Xinyi" in history. Zhaogao and LuoGao were promulgated, and a grand gathering of princes was held for this purpose. This is the first time that the princes of Zhou Cheng joined the alliance after he ascended the throne. It is also the first time in the history of the Zhou Dynasty that the princes of all sides offered their gifts to the royal family. According to historical records, the grand event of reviewing the princes was grand in scale. In the Cheng Zhou Dynasty, there were red tents hanging on the altar, decorated with black feathers. Emperor Cheng Wang faces the south. There are no beads on his crown. His robes are eight colors, and there is a big GUI on his waist. Uncle Tang and uncle Jia are on the left, Duke Zhou and Duke Tai are on the right. They all have crowns and no beads. The court clothes are seven colors, and they all have wat boards on their waists. They stand on the altar next to the emperor.

The rule of Chengkang

On his deathbed, King Cheng worried that Prince Ji Zhao was not competent for state affairs, so he ordered Duke Zhao and Duke Bi to lead the princes to assist the prince to ascend the throne. After the death of King Cheng, Duke Zhao and Duke Bi led the princes to pay a visit to the ancestral temple of the former king with Prince Zhao. They repeatedly warned the prince that he must be thrifty, abstain from greed, and concentrate on handling state affairs. They wrote "taking care of one's fate" and asked the officials to help take care of Prince Zhao. Prince Zhao ascended the throne, and this was king Kang. King Kang ascended the throne, announced the achievements of King Wen and King Wu to the princes of the world, repeatedly explained them, and wrote the imperial edict of Kang (the imperial edict of King Kang). Therefore, at the time of King Cheng and King Kang, the world was peaceful, and all penalties were put aside, which had not been used for 40 years. It was called "the rule of Cheng and Kang" in history.

Character evaluation

General comments

King Cheng of Zhou was the second generation monarch after the establishment of a unified feudal regime. During his time, he completed a series of expeditions against the eastern countries and consolidated Zhou's rule in the East. In addition, he inherited the will of King Wu and made outstanding contributions to the consolidation of the early Zhou regime with the assistance of the Duke of Zhou. In the historical wall plate and leipan of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it is believed that Chengwang was a "constitutional saint" who could rule all directions and develop both hardness and softness.

Historical evaluation

Cao Zhi: "Cheng Wang Jiwu, sage Baofu. Young as they are, they have their element. At the beginning, he doubted Duke Zhou, but at the end, he conquered him. Once and for all, he committed a wrong punishment. " Fan Ye wrote in the book of the later Han Dynasty: "Gaozong and Chengwang had the change of the wind, but not the success of Zhongxing Kangning." In Fang Xuanling's book of Jin, he said, "if Cheng Wang is the prince, then Zhou Zhao is the Baofu, and Shi Yizhao's articles are lost. Therefore, he can hear the Tao and prepare early, ascend the great cause, and punish without punishment

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Cheng Wang