Zou Rong
Zou Rong
Zou Rong
(1885-1905), a famous bourgeois revolutionary propagandist in modern China
Guiwen
, also known as
Vidan
、
Weidan
、
Shaotao
He changed his name to Zou Rong when he studied in Japan. Born in Baxian County, Sichuan Province (today's Chongqing city), he was born into a family of business capitalists. Ying Ba County boy's examination, because of the test questions are rare and quit, henceforth hate imperial examination eight. He was ordered by his father to enter Chongqing classics academy and was expelled because he despised the old school. Later, he gradually yearned for the reform. In 1901, he went to Chengdu to study in Japan as an official student. He was disqualified because of his inclination to reform, so he decided to study in Japan at his own expense. In the autumn of 1902, he arrived in Tokyo and joined Tongwen Academy. He began to write the first draft of revolutionary army.
In April 1903, he returned to Shanghai, lived in the patriotic society, met Zhang Taiyan and became a close friend. At this time, the anti Russian movement happened. He spoke at the anti Russian rally in Zhangyuan twice and signed his name to join the anti Russian volunteer team. In May, it initiated the organization of the Chinese student union. During this period, the revolutionary army was printed by Shanghai Datong publishing house and signed by Zou Rong, a pawn in the revolutionary army. Zhang Taiyan was invited to write a preface. After the Su Bao case, he surrendered to the police house on July 1 and was imprisoned in the concession prison. Zou Rong was sentenced to two years' imprisonment by the concession authorities, suffering from illness. He died in prison on April 3, 1905. On March 29, 1912, with the approval of Sun Yat Sen, the Nanjing Provisional Government made him a great general. His posthumous works include Zou Rong's anthology. However, it is undeniable that Zou Rong's thought is blind and one-sided because he is still young.
Life of the characters
Youth
Zou Rong was born in Fuba County of Chongqing (now Yuzhong District of Chongqing) in a family of commercial capitalists. His ancestral home is Macheng, Hubei Province. In 1891, Zou Rong entered a private school with his elder brother Yundan. When he was 11 or 12 years old, he was already familiar with four books and five classics, and could read historical classics such as historical records and Hanshu. At this time, when the reform movement was on the rise, Zou Rong gradually came into contact with books and periodicals mainly promoting "new learning" and "Western learning". So he began to accept another kind of enlightenment education, and thus to a certain extent sprouted a sense of contempt for the feudal culture and imperial examination system, aware of the corruption of the Qing Dynasty, and deeply worried about the danger of China facing the tide of imperialist partition of China. In this way, Zou Rong's thoughts and interests completely contradicted his father's expectations, and the conflict between the old and the new soon broke out between the father and the son. His father wanted him to go to the imperial examination high school, but he hated the banality of Confucian classics, despised the eight part official title, liked to read the new books and periodicals such as tianyanlun and Shiwubao, and was eager for the new trend of thought of reform.
In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), Zou rongman was 12 years old. He was ordered by his father to join his eldest brother in the boy trial in Baxian county. As soon as he entered the first stage, because the examination questions were very rare, he immediately collided with the examiner, so he gave up the examination and left angrily. Back home, he was beaten by his father. But Zou Rong was unconvinced and said to his father stubbornly, "Stinky Eight Legged children don't want to learn, full of children don't want to enter. What's the use of gaining fame in the declining world? " Later, his father, Zou Zifen, forced his son to continue to receive Confucian classics education in Chongqing Confucian classics academy, but Zou Rong still refused to comply. He "pointed out the sky and painted the earth, not Yao and Shun, but Bo zhoukong and had no place to avoid" in the Academy. "Attacking Cheng Zhu and the Confucianism of Qing Dynasty is especially incomprehensible.". Therefore, he was expelled from the Academy.
In 1898, the reform movement of 1898 failed. When he learned that Tan Si was killed in the reform movement, he was filled with grief and indignation. He wrote a poem and said, "because of the death of Tan Jun, the morale of Xianghu is declining. We hope that those who come after will not be disappointed. " To express his regret and ambition for change. At this time, Zou Rong was not an adult. After studying in Chongqing Economic College, he was still concerned about national affairs, determined to save the country and the people, and often talked about political affairs, so that he was removed.
Study in the East
In 1901, Sichuan Province sent students to study in Japan for the first time and held examinations in Chengdu. Zou Rong asked to take the exam. Zou Zifen felt that he could not make his son linger on the road of imperial examination, so he promised him to have a try. The purpose was to make him come back from studying abroad, gain the imperial court's reputation of being a Juren and a Jinshi, and still enter the officialdom. Because the Qing Dynasty has issued an imperial edict of "reform", and it is widely spread that there are measures to confer official positions on overseas students. In June of that year, Zou Rong walked from Chongqing to Chengdu to take the exam. After the examination, Li Liyuan, the alternate magistrate who presided over the examination, met Kui Jun, governor of Sichuan Province. Kui Jun "encouraged several words to return to Yuzhi to pack and go to Japan in mid August.". However, just before his departure, Zou Rong was falsely accused by some diehards of being "smart but not sincere" and was removed. But Zou Rong, undaunted and eager to get rid of the shackles of tradition and explore new knowledge, struggled in front of his father and asked to stay in Japan at his own expense. In the late autumn of that year, he borrowed money from his relatives and took a boat from Chongqing to Shanghai through the Three Gorges. Soon, he entered the Cantonese dialect center attached to Jiangnan manufacturing bureau to learn Japanese. Zou Zixuan agreed to pay for his stay in Japan after being persuaded by his relatives.
In the spring of 1902, he broke through many obstacles and went to Japan at his own expense to enter Tokyo Tongwen Academy. After arriving in Japan, Zou Rong studied hard. He read a large number of western bourgeois Enlightenment works, and "compared himself with Rousseau of France". At the same time, he also extensively participated in various activities of students studying in Japan, and he would take part in speeches at every rally. In Japan, Zou Rong had a lot of contact with the western bourgeois democratic thoughts and culture, and his revolutionary tendency became more and more obvious. He met some revolutionaries and actively participated in the patriotic activities of the students studying in Japan. He is resolute and courageous. He often tries to give speeches first and state his own opinions. His speech is sharp and solemn. He is recognized as a revolutionary. At that time, Yao Wenfu, the military student supervisor stationed in Japan by the Qing government, was morally corrupt and seduced the student supervisor Qian's wife. Zou Rong and other foreign students break into Yao Wenfu's house with scissors. When they meet, they slap him in the face, and Zou Rong cuts his braids. Afterwards, Yao Wenfu sued Zou Rong to Cai Jun, the Minister of Qing government in Japan. Zou Rong's wild and rebellious behavior caused great anger of the Qing government. Under the dual pressure of the Qing government and Japan, Zou Rong was forced to leave Japan and return home.
Revolutionary activities
In March 1903, it was rumored that Wang Zhichun, governor of Guangxi, would use French soldiers to pacify the provincial capital party. Students studying in Japan in Tokyo immediately called the patriotic society and the China Education Association, hoping to respond to each other and resist. On April 25, Shanghai patriots held a "law rejecting" meeting in Zhangyuan. Then came the news that Russia had violated the second phase of the withdrawal agreement and tried to monopolize the rights of the three eastern provinces. Shanghai people also met in Zhangyuan on the first day of April (April 27) to "resist Russia". Zou Rong took an active part in the rally of Zhang Yuan and the training of the anti Russian volunteer team in the fierce anti Russian movement. On April 28 (May 24), the China Education Association held an April meeting in Zhangyuan. Zou Rong delivered a speech entitled "on the current situation of China's reform". He was patriotic and affectionate. At the same time, he also put forward the initiative of organizing the "Chinese students' union" and called on all students to form large groups. Zou Rong eagerly hoped that the new and most conscious intellectuals would take advantage of the time to take on the historical task of anti Qing democratic revolution. It was driven by this patriotic passion that Zou Rong finished the book "revolutionary army", signed "Zou Rong, a pawn in the revolutionary army", and asked Zhang Taiyan to revise it. After reading it, Zhang praised it. He thought that it was such straightforward, bold and popular writing that could play a wide publicity role. Therefore, without any modification, he wrote a preface, praising the revolutionary army as a "volunteer pioneer". After that, Liu Yazi and others raised the printing expenses, arranged the printing with the publishing house of Jiaotong University, and published it in early May.
Based on the guiding ideology of "natural human rights", "freedom, equality and fraternity" put forward in the period of western bourgeois revolution, Zou Rong expounds the necessity of opposing feudal autocracy and carrying out bourgeois democratic revolution, and points out that "revolution" is a process of preserving the good and eliminating the evil, beauty and ugliness, good and good and eliminating corruption Therefore, praise said: "majestic! Revolution, too. The emperor! Revolution, too. " He also revealed the Qing government's oppression of the Chinese people and analyzed the inevitability of the outbreak of the revolution from the corruption of the Qing Dynasty's official system, the criminal trial, the corruption of officials, the policies towards intellectuals, farmers, overseas Chinese workers, businessmen, soldiers and a series of foreign policies. The general meaning of declaring revolutionary independence clearly lies in: "never get rid of the fetters of Manchuria, recover the lost rights, and be between the great powers of the earth", "all of us are endowed with the position of equality and freedom", "protect the power of our independence", that is, overthrow the feudal autocratic Dynasty and establish the "Republic of China"!
Death in prison
Just at the time of the publication of the revolutionary army, Su Bao announced "great improvement" on the 6th of may (June 1st) because Zhang Shizhao was the main writer. Its speech tended to be more radical, and the words of "paiman" and "qiuman" appeared one after another. Kang Youwei was published on the sixth day of the lunar new year, denouncing Kang Youwei's words and deeds of advocating emperor protection and resisting revolution. On the 14th (9th), he published "reading the revolutionary army" and praised it as "the first textbook of today's national education"; he also commented in the column of "Introduction to new books" that "the purpose of the revolutionary army is to expel Manchu and restore China, which is extremely sharp and painful. If this book can be popularized in the minds of 40000 people, China will prosper. ". On the fifth day of may (June 29th), Zhang Taiyan reprinted "zaidian clown" in his book refuting Kang Youwei with the title of "the relationship between Kang Youwei and Jueluo Jun"
Chinese PinYin : Zou Rong
Zou Rong
