Zhang Qun
Zhang Qun
Zhang Qun (1889.5.9-1990.12.14), named Yue Jun, was born in Huayang County, Sichuan Province (now Tianfu New District), and a senior member of the Kuomintang. In 1908, he went to Japan to study at Zhenwu school. He was a classmate with Chiang Kai Shek. Later, he participated in the revolution of 1911, the second revolution, and the law protection movement. Since 1927, he has successively served as the director of ordnance industry of the national government, mayor of Shanghai, chairman of Hubei Province, Minister of foreign affairs of the national government (1935.12-1937.3); and then successively served as Secretary General of the central political conference of the Kuomintang, vice president of the Executive Yuan (1938.1-1939.12), chairman of Sichuan provincial government, etc. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, he participated in the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party as one of the three representatives of the Kuomintang. From April 1947 to may 1948, he served as the president of the Executive Yuan. Later, he served as the director of Chongqing appeasement office, the chief military officer of Southwest China, and the administrative member of the Executive Yuan. He died in Taipei on December 14, 1990.
Life of the characters
He was born on May 9, 1889 in Huayang County, Sichuan Province. In his early years, he studied in Baoding National Army accelerated school.
In 1908, he went to Japan to study at Zhenwu school. He was a classmate with Chiang Kai Shek. In the same year, he joined the alliance. Later, he participated in the revolution of 1911, the second revolution, and the law protection movement.
He returned to China in 1911 to take part in the war of recovering Shanghai. The Shanghai military governor's office was established as the ordnance section chief of the military affairs department. Later, he served as the staff officer of the 23rd division organized by Chiang Kai Shek.
In 1913, he took part in the anti yuan war, failed and went to Japan.
He returned to China in 1915 and served as the staff officer of Zhejiang provincial governor's office.
In 1917, he served as Grand Marshal of Sun Yat Sen and joined the army.
In 1924, he joined the second army of the National Revolutionary Army and served as the director of Henan provincial police and the director of Kaifeng Municipal Police Department.
In 1926, he served as the general counsellor and member of the Military Commission of the general command of the national revolutionary army.
In 1927, he served as director of ordnance industry of the national government, President of Tongji University (1929), mayor of Shanghai special city (1929-1930), mayor of Shanghai (1930-1932), chairman of Hubei provincial government and foreign minister of the national government (December 1935-march 1937); he was almost assassinated by Feng Ti conspiracy. After that, he successively served as Secretary General of the political conference of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang, vice president of the Executive Yuan (January 1938 December 1939), Secretary General of the Supreme Council of national defense, etc.
From 1940 to 1945, he served as director of Chengdu Xingyuan and chairman of Sichuan provincial government.
After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, he participated in the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party as one of the three representatives of the Kuomintang.
From April 1947 to may 1948, he was the chief executive.
In May 1948, he was transferred to the president's office and was elected the first National Congress representative in the same year.
In February 1949, he served as director of Chongqing appeasement office, and later as military and political officer of Southwest China. At the end of the year, he was the director of the Hong Kong Institute of revolutionary practice.
On January 28, 1949, he came to Xikou with Chen Lifu and Zheng Yanfen to spend his life with Chiang Kai Shek. On April 5, Zhang Qun went to Xikou again. On April 7, Chiang Kai Shek held talks with Zhang Qun to "prepare to be frank with Li Zongren.". Later, he served as the chief military officer of the Southwest Military and political office and the administrative member of the Executive Yuan. On the evening of December 8, Zhang Qun "flew back to Chengdu from Kunming". On the morning of December 9, Fu and Yu CHENGWAN, Li Mi, long Zehui flew to Kunming. "The plane was detained in Kunming" on December 12, Zhang Qun escaped from Kunming and arrived in Hong Kong. When he arrived in Taiwan on December 16, Jiang made an appointment at noon to "learn the details of his detention in Kunming.".
In 1950, he served as a member of the Central Committee for reform of the Kuomintang.
In 1951, he also served as a member of the "Design Committee of the Executive Yuan" of the Taiwan authorities.
From May 1954 to May 1972, he served as "Secretary General of the presidential palace" of the Taiwan authorities. He was extremely thrifty and intended to run for president with Chiang Kai Shek.
In 1957, he also served as Secretary General of the "National Defense Conference" of the Taiwan authorities.
After 1972, he served as the so-called "senior minister of the presidential office" of the Taiwan authorities for a long time.
Retired in 1989, he was executive member of the third to Sixth Central Committee, member of the seventh to Thirteenth Central Committee and chairman of the presidium of the Kuomintang.
He died of renal failure in Taipei on December 14, 1990. He was 101 years old. He is the author of the secret record of Sino Japanese relations and on self cultivation.
Anecdotes of characters
In October 1911, Wuchang Uprising broke out. Chinese non commissioned officers and students in Japanese training camps left Japan one after another to return home. Zhang Qun and Chiang Kai Shek sneaked back to Shanghai and immediately took part in the Shanghai uprising led by Chen Qimei. After the success of the uprising, the governor's office was formed on November 4. Chen Qimei was elected as the governor, Huang Ying as the chief of staff, and Zhang Qun as the ordnance section chief of the military affairs department. Later, Zhang Qun served as a staff officer in the 23rd division of Huang Ying's division, headed by Chiang Kai Shek. In the spring of 1912, Zhang Qun was promoted as battalion commander. During this period, Zhang Qun had a close relationship with Chiang Kai Shek and Huang Ying and became brothers.
In October 1912, Zhang Qun married Ma Yuying in Shanghai. Ma, who is the same age as Zhang Qun, is from Kunshan, Jiangsu Province. He graduated from Shanghai St. Mary's school for girls. There are two sons and two daughters in their lives. The eldest daughter died in her childhood, and there are two sons and one daughter. The eldest son's name is Jizheng, the second son's name is Jizhong, and the second daughter's name is Yalan.
After the revolution of 1911, Zhang Qun, Chiang Kai Shek, Wang Jingwei and others hoped to study abroad and continue their studies. With the support of Feng Youyou, director of the Jixun Bureau of the Beijing government, Zhang Qun and his wife went north to Tianjin shortly after their marriage, preparing to go to Britain by land. However, the domestic situation changed at this time. The KMT won the first parliamentary election from December 1912 to early 1913, which posed a great threat to Yuan Shikai. In order to suppress the KMT, Yuan Shikai sent killers to the south to assassinate KMT dignitaries. Huang Ying, who was in Tianjin, was worried about the safety of Chen Qimei in Shanghai, so he sent Zhang Qun from Tianjin to Shanghai in early March to report. Later, when Zhang Qun turned to Nanjing to return to Tianjin by Jinpu railway, he heard that Song Jiaoren, acting chairman of the Kuomintang, was assassinated at Shanghai station on March 20.
The assassination of Song Jiaoren caused a great uproar in domestic public opinion. When Sun Yat Sen returned from Japan, he thought that he had to go to yuan, and he strongly advocated the establishment of a teacher to pursue yuan. The "second revolution" was launched in July. Urged by Chen Qimei, Zhang Qun gave up his plan to go to Britain and returned to Shanghai to participate in the "second revolution" as the deputy head of the yuan army in Shanghai (Chen Qimei is the commander in chief and Chiang Kai Shek is the head). Soon after the "second revolution" failed, Yuan Shikai wantonly hunted the Kuomintang people, and Zhang Qun and his wife and other Kuomintang people died in Japan. At this time, the Japanese government announced to retain the student status of the Japanese United taxi officer in 1911. Zhang Qun entered the Japanese non commissioned officer school again in 1914 and graduated the next year. Because Yuan Shikai was plotting to restore the monarchy in China, it was impossible for him to return to China. In addition, Japan's unreasonable request for 21 articles to China forced Yuan Shikai to accept it, which made Chinese people feel insecure in Japan. Therefore, Zhang Qun, at the invitation of friends, went to Java, the capital of the Dutch East India (now Indonesia), in Batavia, which was renamed Jakarta after Indonesia's independence The Chinese school teaching, temporarily avoid the limelight.
In December 1915, Yuan Shikai overthrew the Republic of China, restored the monarchy, declared the Republic of China as the Chinese Empire, and changed the year of the Republic of China to the first year of Hongxian. Sun Yat Sen and other bourgeois revolutionaries rose up against yuan and launched the movement to protect the country. On December 25, Cai E, Li Liejun and others revolted against yuan in Yunnan. In response to the national defense movement, Zhang Qun returned from Java and joined the anti yuan movement. He was once the staff officer of the Kuomintang Zhejiang army.
In 1917, Duan Qirui was appointed Prime Minister of state. He sold his sovereignty wantonly through "Xiyuan Loan" and other large-scale after-treatment loans, which was condemned by the Chinese people. Zhang Qun actively participated in the activities against Duan Qirui's borrowing. On behalf of two newspapers in Shanghai, China News and Republic of China Daily, he took part in a delegation of Shanghai journalists to Japan to fight against borrowing. Relying on the conditions of having studied in the Japanese military academy and having contacts with Japanese military personnel, Zhang Qun had a conversation with then Japanese undersecretary of the general staff and lieutenant general yoshiichi Tanaka. Zhang Qun asked Tanaka why Japan wanted to help Duan Qirui? Tanaka replied that the Beijing government is the central government of China, while Duan Qirui is the Prime Minister of the central government. Because of the "friendship between China and Japan", Duan has no money and strength at present, and China must strengthen its strength to participate in the European war, so it is necessary to support him and borrow money from him. Zhang Qun didn't agree with this, he said: don't you see the wrong person! China is different from Japan. China's warlords have many factions and are fighting with each other. If the power of this faction is strengthened and he has the support, it will be enough to stir up his ambition, cause more civil wars, make China's civil war endlessly and become poorer and weaker. How can this be regarded as helping China? The conversation between Zhang Qun and Tanaka broke up unhappily. Xiyuan Loan was finally signed. After returning to China, Zhang Qun published an article "doubts about the friendship between China and Japan" in Zhonghua Xinbao, criticizing Japan's China policy.
New deal leader
On January 7, 1928, Chiang Kai Shek was reinstated as commander in chief. After that, Zhang Qun returned to China and continued to serve as the general counsellor. He was appointed Vice Minister of government affairs and director of ordnance industry of the Ministry of military administration. He also served as president of Tongji University for a period of time.
As a result of Zhang Qun's recommendation, the former members of the Political Science Society in the Beiyang Period, such as Huang Ying, Yang Yongtai, Wu Dingchang, Xiong Shihui, Chen Yi, Wu Tiecheng, Weng Wenhao, etc., changed their ways and actively gave advice to Chiang Kai Shek, becoming a major political group in the Kuomintang, known as the "new politics department". It is a loose political organization with old-fashioned bureaucrats, new school scholars, politicians and celebrities. It has mixed qualities, different standards and delicate relations. one
Chinese PinYin : Zhang Qun
Zhang Qun
