Chen Hansheng

Chen Hansheng

Chen Hansheng (February 5, 1897 - March 13, 2004), formerly known as Chen Shu, was a rural economist, sociologist, historian and social activist of early Marxism in China, and honorary director of the Institute of world history, Chinese Academy of social sciences. He was the founder of China Rural Economy Research Association in 1930s.

He insisted on using Marxist stand, viewpoint and method to analyze and study the problems of China's agriculture, farmers and rural areas, demonstrated the semi feudal and semi colonial social nature of China's rural areas with first-hand rural survey materials, and pointed out the road of China's agricultural development. He died in Beijing on March 13, 2004 at the age of 108.

Character experience

Chen Hansheng, formerly known as Chen Shu, was born in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and an expert on international issues. He received a master's degree from the University of Chicago and Berlin in 1924. He returned to China in 1924 and was employed as a professor of Peking University. During his teaching period, Li Dazhao introduced him to participate in the revolution. He was a member of the Communist Party of China in 1925. After Li Dazhao was arrested in 1927, he was forced to leave the Soviet Union. After returning to China in 1928, he worked as a leader in the Institute of Social Sciences, Academia Sinica. In 1933, it initiated the establishment of China Rural Economy Research Association, and the next year, it became the chairman. Since 1934, he has been engaged in research and Book Writing in Japan, the Soviet Union and the United States, and served as deputy editor in chief of Pacific quarterly in New York. In 1939, he returned to Hong Kong, edited Far East communication, and helped Song Qingling and others to establish the International Committee for industrial cooperation as executive secretary. After 1942, he worked in India as a research professor in the United States and a researcher in the Institute of international studies of Hopkins University. After returning to China in 1950, he successively served as a consultant of the Ministry of foreign affairs, vice president of the diplomatic Association, vice president of the China India Friendship Association, vice director of the Institute of international relations, honorary consultant of the China Industrial Cooperation Association, deputy editor in chief of the editorial board of encyclopedia, and part-time professor of Peking University Deputy director of the editorial board of China Construction, member of the Department of philosophy and social sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, honorary director of the Institute of world history, Deputy Secretary General of the Asian Solidarity Committee, chairman of the Central Asian Cultural Association, and President of the China Academy of international culture. He is a deputy to the first, second and third National People's Congress and a member of the Fifth National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference. Specializing in world economic history and China's rural economy. His main works are American monopoly capital, Mughal Dynasty of India, land system of Xishuangbanna before liberation, Chinese peasants and me of four times.

Seeking a career as a student

Chen Hansheng was born on February 5, 1897 in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. His father Chen Jun, a former Qing Dynasty student, participated in the revolution of 1911. Chen Shu studied in Wuxi Donglin primary school when he was young, and then went to Changsha with his parents. Mingde middle school, founded by a patriot, was deeply influenced by Fu Rongxiang, a member of the United League, a poet of Nanshe and a history teacher. In 1915, his mother saw that he was brilliant, sold jewelry and sent him to the United States for further study. I went abroad to work and study, and got a master's degree in the United States and a doctor's degree in Germany. When I came to the United States, I was admitted to the Hemen work and study school in Massachusetts in the northeast. While studying, I took part in the labor of growing vegetables and raising chickens. In the summer of 1916, he was admitted to Pomona College in Los Angeles. He wanted to study botany. Because of his poor eyesight, he could not see the objects under the microscope clearly. He changed to study geology, and could not see the topographic and geological map clearly. One year later, he accepted the advice of his tutor, Westgard (later president of the American History Society), changed to study European and American history, and helped his tutor to review the papers. He went out to work on vacation to earn some income. After graduating in 1920, he transferred to the Graduate School of the University of Chicago as a teaching assistant. At that time, the Russian Revolution in October shocked the world. Chen Shu wanted to find a chance to have a look, so he seized the opportunity to learn Russian. This prepared the conditions for him to work in the third international. During his work in the Graduate School of the University of Chicago, he wrote a master's thesis entitled "the impact of five port trade on China's economy". After the "five port trade", China's tea was mainly exported from Guangzhou, while the producing areas were distributed in Zhejiang and Fujian. It was mainly transported by people from the producing areas to Guangzhou. Generally, it was transported by several groups of porters in sections on a long road Tea merchants and porters came in an endless stream throughout the year, so the catering industry, hotels, shops and various handicraft industries along the way also developed rapidly. His thesis was well received and he was awarded a master's degree. During this period, he also served as the Secretary General of the Chinese students' Association in the United States, compiling and publishing the quarterly of Chinese students in the United States and other social activities. In the winter of 1921, the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and other countries held a new conference in Washington to redistribute the spheres of influence of the colonies and semi colonies in the Far East and the Pacific. The Beiyang government sent a delegation headed by Gu Weijun to participate in the conference. Students studying in the United States formed a support and supervision delegation to prevent them from signing the Treaty of humiliation Plus. In the same year, a Wuxi native named Gu Shuxing was also studying in the United States and was about to graduate. After they met, they shared the same ideals and married. Because of the discovery of the same celebrity in the newspaper, he officially changed his name to Chen Hansheng. In the spring of 1922, he won a scholarship to study the history of Eastern Europe at Harvard University in Boston. In the autumn of that year, because of the devaluation of the Deutschmark, in order to make the small amount of US dollars in his hand sustain the couple's study life for a long time, he went to Germany instead. He went to the Institute of history and geography of Berlin University himself, studied the history of Eastern Europe with Professor ottohechi, and studied German with Gu Shuxing. In the summer of 1924, Chen Hansheng won his doctoral degree from Berlin University for his research paper entitled "the London conference of six ambassadors who divided Albania in 1911". In the autumn of the same year, Cai Yuanpei visited Europe and invited him to return home to be a professor at Peking University.

Professorship

As a professor of Peking University, he met Li Dazhao and got in touch with the third international. After returning to China, Chen Hansheng first taught the general history of Europe and America and history in the History Department of Peking University, and then taught the history of American Constitution in the law department. At that time, he was only 27 years old and was the youngest professor at Peking University. Cai Yuanpei presided over Peking University and implemented the inclusive school running policy. Different schools and political views can be on the platform. Chen Hansheng is one of the most popular professors among students. When he was a teacher at Peking University, he participated in modern review founded by Hu Shi and Wang Shijie, and published 55 articles successively. On May 30, 1925, the May 30 massacre took place in Shanghai. He took an active part in the Beijing student support movement and marched on the streets. Together with Gao Renshan, he asked Li Dazhao to join the Communist Party of China. Li Dazhao told them, "it's a period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. It's better to join the Kuomintang first." Li Dazhao and Yu Shude introduced them to join the Kuomintang. In March 1926, a revolutionary movement against imperialism and the treason of Duan Qirui, a northern warlord, broke out in Beijing. Li Dazhao led the struggle. Chen Hansheng and his wife Gu Shuxing led the students to take part in the demonstration, which was suppressed by the military and police of the reactionary government. There was a big tragedy at home and abroad. 47 students were killed on the spot, and more than 300 were seriously injured. His wife survived According to what we saw at the scene, we wrote the witness to the March 18 massacre, which was published in the 68 issue of independent review, Volume 3, published on March 27. On the next day of the massacre, Duan Xieri issued a wanted warrant for the arrest of Li Dazhao. Li Dazhao and the leading members of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in Beijing hid in the Soviet embassy in dongjiaomin lane. Chen Hansheng still kept in touch with Li often. Through Li Dazhao's introduction, he got to know Soviet ambassador to China garahan, cultural and cultural counsellor gatonovic, and Russian teacher Geli Vicki. Influenced and inspired by them, he studied the capital and other Marxist works, and understood the development of the Soviet Union after the October Revolution. Li Dazhao also introduced his participation in the work of the third international, and wrote an English press release for the International Communication published by the third international in Berlin. Chen Youren, Minister of foreign affairs of Wuhan National Government, invited Chen Hansheng, Wang Shijie and Zhou Qiangsheng to Wuhan in the winter of 1926 when the Northern Expedition army came to the Yangtze River to assist the government in handling the resumption of Wuhan and Jiujiang British concession. Soon, he returned to Beijing at the call of Li Dazhao. After the April 12 incident in 1927, white terror enveloped the whole country. In October, Li Dazhao was killed in Beijing, and Chen Hansheng was in danger. He left Beijing secretly with his wife, who had just returned from Moscow, and went to the Soviet Union via Japan. After arriving in Moscow, he worked as a researcher at the international Peasant Movement Research Institute just established by the Communist International (the Third International). At the end of the 1920s, there was a dispute about the nature of China's society within the Communist International. At that time, majyar, a Hungarian who was in charge of the Oriental Department of the International Institute of peasant movement, wrote a book "China's rural economy" (published in Moscow in 1928, with a Chinese translation), which led the dispute to a climax. Majiar thought: since the disintegration of primitive society, China has neither a slave society nor a feudal society, but a "water society" determined by the Asian mode of production. At the beginning of the 20th century, after western capitalism came to China, China became capitalism. Therefore, China's rural areas are identified as capitalist rural areas. Chen Hansheng disagreed with this view. He thought that majiar only talked about the commercialization of agricultural products. In fact, the commercialization of agricultural products began as early as the Song Dynasty, such as tobacco, silk and hemp. But it was only commercial capital, not industrial capital. China's rural areas are basically a self-sufficient natural economy, a feudal society, not a capitalist society. Although the second congress of the Communist Party of China in 1922 has pointed out that the nature of Chinese society is semi feudal and semi colonial

Chinese PinYin : Chen Han Sheng