Lu You

Lu You

Lu You (November 13, 1125 - January 26, 1210), a Han nationality, was born in Shanyin, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province). He was the grandson of Lu Dian, a Shangshu Youcheng. He was a writer, historian and patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty.

When the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed, Lu you was deeply influenced by his family patriotism when he was young. When Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty took part in the examination of the Ministry of rites, his official career was not smooth because he was rejected by Qin Hui. After Song Xiaozong ascended the throne, he was granted Jinshi background, and successively served as the chief of Ningde County in Fuzhou, the official deleted by imperial edict, the general judge of Longxing Prefecture, etc. In 1171, at the invitation of Wang Yan, the Xuanfu envoy of Sichuan Province, he joined the army and served in the Nanzheng shogunate. In the year of Fengzhi and fan chengci, the imperial envoy of Sichuan was dissolved. After succeeding to the throne, song Guangzong was promoted to be a doctor in the Ministry of rites and a reviewer of the real record Academy. Soon after, he was dismissed and returned to his hometown because of "mocking and chanting the wind and moon". In the second year of Jiatai (1202), Emperor ningzong of the Song Dynasty ordered Lu you to go to Beijing and presided over the compilation of Xiaozong's and Guangzong's records of the two dynasties and the history of the three dynasties. After the completion of the book, Lu you lived in seclusion for a long time. He died in the second year of Jiading (1210) and left his last work "show son".

Lu you wrote all his life and made great achievements in poetry and stationery. The language of his poems is plain and clear, and the composition is neat and strict. It combines Li Bai's magnificent and unrestrained style with Du Fu's melancholy and desolation, especially full of patriotic enthusiasm, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Liu Kezhuang, a Song Dynasty poet, said that his Ci was "passionate and generous, but Jiaxuan can't pass". There are 85 volumes of Jiannan poetry manuscript and more than 9000 poems. There are also 50 volumes of Weinan anthology, 10 volumes of notes of laoxue'an and the book of the Southern Tang Dynasty. The calligraphy is vigorous and unrestrained, and the surviving ink is "kuhan tie".

Life of the characters

Family background

Lu you was born in Shanyin, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). He came from a famous family and a book collection family in the south of the Yangtze River. Lu Xun, the great ancestor of the Song Dynasty, was a Jinshi in the Dazhong Xiangfu period. He was an official and a doctor in the Li Department. His grandfather, Lu Dian, studied Wang Anshi and was proficient in Confucian classics. He was an official and even a minister. His works, Chunqiu houzhuan and Erya Xinyi, were important classics of Lu's family studies. His father, Lu Zai, was a good poet and had good moral integrity. He once served as deputy envoy of Jingxi road transportation in the late Northern Song Dynasty.

On October 17, 1125, the seventh year of Xuanhe (1125), Lu Zai entered the court to report on his work. He and his wife Tang went to Beijing by water and got the third son on the Huaihe River boat, named Lu you. In the winter of the same year, the Jin soldiers went south and conquered Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province) in the second year of Jingkang (1127). The Northern Song Dynasty perished (the shame of Jingkang). Lu zaizui and his family moved south to Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province). In the third year of Jianyan (1129), Jin soldiers crossed the Yangtze River and invaded the south. Song Gaozong led his officials to flee to the south. Lu Zai went to Dongyang instead. His family began to settle down gradually. Lu you was only four years old.

Lu you was born at the turn of the Song Dynasty and grew up in the Southern Song Dynasty. The national contradictions, the misfortune of the country and the exile of his family have brought indelible marks to his young soul.

A new official career

Lu You has been brilliant since he was a child. He studied under Mao Dezhao, Han Yougong, Lu Yanyuan and others. He was able to write poems when he was 12 years old. Because of his elder's meritorious service, he was awarded the post of dengshilang with his kindness.

In the 23rd year of Shaoxing (1153), Lu you went to Lin'an (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province) to take the entrance examination (the entrance examination for current officials and Enyin's children). Chen Zimao, the chief examiner, took the first place after reading the paper. Because Qin Hui's grandson Qin Xun was under Lu You's name, Qin Hui was furious and wanted to be the chief examiner. The next year (1154), Lu You took the ceremony examination, Qin Hui instructed the examiner not to admit Lu you. From then on, Lu you was hated by Qin Hui and his official career was not smooth.

In the 25th year of Shaoxing (1155), Qin Hui died of illness. Lu you first entered the official career and served as the chief official of Ningde County in Fuzhou. Soon after, he was transferred to the capital and appointed as an official deleted by the imperial edict. After entering the central court, Lu You took the best policy, saying that "if you are not a member of the imperial family, you should not be granted a royal title at will, even if you have meritorious service"; Gaozong was very fond of rare toys, Lu You thought that "the loss of virtue" and suggested that the emperor be strict with himself. In 1161, Lu You took Yang Cunzhong for a long time to control the forbidden army, and his authority became more and more powerful, so he was inconvenient. He remonstrated and dismissed Yang Cunzhong, which was adopted by Gaozong. He demoted Yang Cunzhong to Taifu and Liquan Guanshi, and promoted Lu you to Dali temple, and was in charge of judicial work.

Suggestions for the Northern Expedition

In the 32nd year of Shaoxing (1162), Zhao Min, Emperor Xiaozong of Song Dynasty, ascended the throne and appointed Lu you as the editor of the Privy Council. It is suggested that Lu You should straighten out the official and military discipline and stick to the Central Plains of Jianghuai and xutu. When Emperor Xiaozong had fun in the palace, he didn't pay attention to it. When Lu you learned about it, he told his minister Zhang Tao. Zhang Tao went to the palace to question, so Xiaozong stopped Lu You and ordered Zhenjiang prefecture to pass judgment.

In the first year of Longxing (1163), song Xiaozong took Zhang Jun as his governor and presided over the northern expedition. Lu you wrote to Zhang Jun, suggesting that long-term plans should be made as early as possible and that troops should not be dispatched rashly. Zhang Jun sent his generals Li Xianzhong and Shao Hongyuan to lead the attack to recover Lingbi and Hongxian counties and take charge of Fuli. Because of Li Shao's discord, the song army was defeated (the battle of Fuli), and the theory of partiality became rampant. Zhang Jun was demoted as a Xuanfu envoy of Jianghuai.

In the spring of 1164, Lu you met Zhang Jun in Zhenjiang and made suggestions for the northern expedition. In April, the "Longxing peace negotiation" will be signed. Lu you wrote to the East and West governments and said, "since the state of Wu, Jiankang has been the capital of Jiangdong. Lin'an was close to the sea frequently. It was inconvenient to transport grain and was vulnerable to accidental attacks. The emperor's presence in Lin'an could only be taken as an expedient measure. After the signing of the contract, the emperor should be stationed in Jiankang, Lin'an and the envoys of the Jin Dynasty, either to Lin'an or to Jiankang. In this way, the emperor can strive for time to build the capital and establish the country, without making the Jin Dynasty suspicious. " When long Dayuan and Zeng yuan were in power, Lu You said to Zhang Tao, "Zeng and long Dayuan made use of their power to form private parties and confuse the imperial court. If they don't get rid of them today, they will have endless troubles in the future." When Zhang Tao heard that the speech was reported to the imperial court, Xiaozong was furious and denounced Lu you as the general judge of Jiankang government.

In the first year of Qiandao (1165), Lu you was transferred to Longxing Prefecture. Some people said that Lu You "made friends with admonishment officials, encouraged right and wrong, and tried to say that Zhang Jun used his army." the imperial court immediately dismissed Lu you from his official post.

Military staff

In December of the fifth year of Qiandao (1169), the imperial court recruited Lu You, who had been idle for four years, to be the general judge of Kuizhou. He was in charge of learning and farming. Lu You and his family went upstream from the mountains and gathered the local customs along the road and wrote the story of entering Shu.

In the seventh year of Qiandao (1171), Wang yanxuan pacified Sichuan and Shaanxi, stationed in Nanzheng, and called Lu you to do official business. Lu you was very glad to get the book. He went to Nanzheng alone and worked in Nanzheng shogunate with more than ten people, such as Zhang Jichang, Yan Cangshu, fan Xishu, Gao Zichang, etc. Wang Yan entrusted Lu you to draft a strategic plan to expel Jin people and recover the Central Plains. Lu you wrote the strategy of pacifying the Central Plains, proposing that "to recover the Central Plains, we must take Chang'an first, and to take Chang'an, we must take Longyou first; to accumulate food and train soldiers, we should attack when we have strength, and to defend when we have no strength.".

Lu you went behind Wang Yan's army, often to luogukou, xianrenyuan, Dingjunshan and other front strongholds and strategic fortresses, and patrolled Dashan pass. At that time, Wu Ting, the son of Wu Xun, took charge of the army on behalf of his father. He was proud and indulgent, and killed many times for minor negligence. Wang Yan did not dare to offend him. Lu you suggested that Wu Gong, the son of Wu Yu, should replace Wu Ting in charge of military power. Wang Yan thinks that "Wu Gong is timid and lacks intelligence. He will be defeated when he meets the enemy." Lu You retorts, "how can Wu Ting be guaranteed to be invincible when he meets the enemy? If Wu Tingli is successful in fighting, it will be more difficult to control. " By the time of Han kuozhou's Northern Expedition, Wu Xi, the son of Wu Ting, betrayed the enemy, and Lu You's words were verified.

In October, the imperial court rejected the plan of the northern expedition, called Wang Yan back to Beijing, the shogunate was dissolved, and the plan of the northern expedition was destroyed. Lu you felt extremely sad. The military life in the area of dashanguan is the only military practice in Lu You's life that he personally visited the front line of anti gold war and tried to realize his patriotism. Although this period of life is only eight months, it has left him unforgettable memories.

Life in Sichuan

In the eighth year of Qiandao (1172), Lu you was appointed as the counsellor of Chengdu Fu Lu appeasement department. His official position was idle. Lu you rode a donkey to Sichuan, but he was not successful. In the following year, he was transferred to Shuzhou Tongtan; in May, recommended by Yu Yunwen, the Xuanfu envoy of Sichuan, Lu you was transferred to Jiazhou Tongtan.

In February of the first year of Chunxi (1174), Yu Yunwen died of illness, and Lu you was transferred back to Shuzhou. During his second term in Shuzhou, Lu You made an in-depth study of the local customs and customs, and successively visited Cuiwei courtyard, Baita courtyard, Daming Temple and other local attractions. He became more and more in love with this Tianfu place and came up with the idea of "ending up here.".

In March, Zheng Wen, a political counsellor, took the post of Xuanfu envoy of Sichuan Province as the Bachelor of zizhengdian. Lu You boldly wrote a letter, suggesting that he should start the Northern Expedition and recover the lost land, which was not adopted. In May, Lu You presided over the state examination, while Yang Jian won the first place and got the qualification to participate in the autumn examination. Lu you wrote poems to encourage him. In August, Lu You made a military parade in Shuzhou, criticizing the Southern Song Dynasty for not having to raise soldiers and being careless. In October, Lu you was sent to Rongzhou as an agent.

In the second year of Chunxi reign (1175), Fan Chengda was transferred from Guilin to Chengdu, where he was appointed as Sichuan governor and recommended Lu you as Jincheng counsellor. Fan Chengda was in command of Shuzhou, and Lu you was a councilor. They made friends with each other through literature. Fan Chengda was forced to remove Lu you from his post. Lu You opened a vegetable garden near the Huanhua river near the Du Fu thatched cottage and worked hard in Shuzhou.

In the third year of Chunxi reign (1176), Lu You called himself "fangweng" to fight back in response to the attacks of the moderates. In June, Lu you was ordered to be in charge of the Taoist temple in Tongbai mountain, Taizhou, and to support his family with "ancestral temple". In June of the fourth year of Chunxi (1177), Fan Chengda was called back to Beijing, and Lu You sent him to Mei

Chinese PinYin : Lu You