Zhu Guangya

Zhu Guangya

Zhu Guangya (1924.12.25 ~ 2011.2.26), Han nationality, born in Wuhan, Hubei Province, is one of the main pioneers of China's nuclear science cause, one of the founders of physics in Jilin University, and the winner of "two bombs and one star meritorious Medal". He was selected as "person of the year moving China 2011", known as "pillar scientist of China's engineering science circle" and "commander of China's science and technology".

Zhu Guangya graduated from southwest United University in 1945, received a doctor's degree from the University of Michigan in 1950, was elected member (academician) of the academic department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980, served as chairman of the Chinese Association for science and technology in 1991, was selected as one of the first Academicians of the Chinese Academy of engineering, and served as president and Secretary of the Party group of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1994, was elected honorary chairman of the Chinese Association for science and technology in May 1996, and was elected as chairman of the Chinese Association for science and technology in January 1999 He was appointed director of the science and Technology Commission of the general equipment department.

In his early years, Zhu Guangya was mainly engaged in the teaching and scientific research of nuclear physics and atomic energy technology; in the late 1950s, he was responsible for and organized the research, design, manufacture and test of China's atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, participated in and led the formulation and implementation of the national high-tech research and development plan, the research on the development strategy of national defense science and technology, and organized and led the China Nuclear Test Ban program China's research on the sustainable development of nuclear weapons technology, arms control and development strategy of weapons and equipment has made great contributions to the development of China's nuclear science and technology and national defense science and technology.

Life of the characters

Zhu Guangya was born in Yichang, Hubei Province on December 25, 1924. As a child, Zhu Guangya followed his parents from Yichang to Hankou via Shashi. Since his father worked in a French enterprise, Zhu Guangya's brothers and sisters were able to receive western education as teenagers. After 1931, he studied in Hankou No.1 Primary School and Sao Paulo middle school. In 1938, Zhu Guangya, who had just graduated from junior high school, and his two elder brothers were forced to move to Chongqing, Sichuan. They studied in Hechuan Chongjing middle school, Jiangbei Qinghua middle school (now Chongqing Qinghua middle school) and Chongqing Nankai Middle School. In 1941, Zhu Guangya graduated from Nankai Middle School in Chongqing. In one and a half years of Nankai Middle School in Chongqing, Zhu Guangya began to have a good vision of natural science. In particular, physics taught by Wei rongjue aroused his strong interest. In the same year, he was admitted to the Physics Department of National Central University (now Nanjing University) which moved to Chongqing. Professor Zhao guangzeng, who has just returned from studying in the United States, teaches general physics for the first year of University. Professor Zhao's simple lectures and extracurricular guidance of introducing the frontier of the subject make Zhu Guangya influenced by the new development of physics. In the summer of 1942, Kunming southwest United University enrolled sophomores in Chongqing. With the care and help of several Nankai alumni, Zhu Guangya applied for the exam and successfully transferred to Southwest Associated University. Since his sophomore year, he has been taught by Zhou Peiyuan, Zhao Zhongyao, Wang Zhuxi, ye Qisun, Rao Yutai, Wu Youxun, Zhu Wuhua and Wu Dayou. The cultivation of many famous teachers has laid a solid foundation for Zhu Guangya's studies. When he won the Anti Japanese war in 1945, he stayed as a teaching assistant after graduating from the Department of physics. In 1945, after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, Chiang Kai Shek proposed that China should also make an atomic bomb. Therefore, the national government decided to send Wu Dayou, Zeng zhaolun and Hua Luogeng to the United States for investigation, and asked each scientist to recommend two assistants to go with him. At that time, Wu Dayou recommended two assistants, one was Li Zhengdao, the other was Zhu Guangya. In September 1946, as soon as Zhu Guangya and others arrived in the United States, they were told that the United States would not open its atomic bomb development technology to any other country. In addition, after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, China's domestic situation soon changed dramatically, so the investigation team had to be dissolved and went to different places. Zhu Guangya entered the Graduate School of the University of Michigan in the United States to continue to study and research nuclear physics. In 1947, under the guidance of young nuclear physicist M.L. wiedenbeck, Zhu Guangya was engaged in experimental research of nuclear physics, and published papers such as coincidence measurement method (I) β spectrum, coincidence measurement method (II) internal transformation, etc. In the autumn of 1949, Zhu Guangya graduated from the Department of nuclear physics of the Graduate School of physics of the University of Michigan with a doctorate. In February 1950, Zhu Guangya refused the travel expenses of the United States Economic Cooperation Agency (ECA), bid farewell to his girlfriend and returned to Beijing by way of Hong Kong. He became an associate professor of physics at Peking University, offering general physics, optics and other courses for college students. Before returning home, he took the lead in writing an open letter to students studying in the United States with 51 students studying in the United States, calling on overseas Chinese students to return to their motherland Construction. In December 1952, he worked as an English translator in the Secretariat of the Chinese people's Volunteer Army armistice negotiation delegation. In January 1953, the national colleges and universities were adjusted. Zhu Guangya accepted the organizational arrangement and was transferred to northeast Renmin University (now Jilin University) as a professor in the newly established Department of physics. In 1956, new China decided to develop its own atomic energy cause. In this year, Zhu Guangya participated in the preparation for the establishment of the modern physics research laboratory (which was transferred to Peking University in 1957) and took the responsibility of training the first batch of atomic energy professionals for China. In April of the same year, Zhu Guangya joined the Communist Party of China. From 1957 to 1959, he was deputy director of the Research Office of institute 401 (Institute of atomic energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences) of the second Ministry of mechanical industry. He participated in the construction and start-up of research reactors aided by the former Soviet Union, and engaged in the research of neutron physics and reactor physics. He published research papers such as "determination of physical parameters of research heavy water reactors". Since July 1959, Zhu Guangya has successively served as deputy director of the Ninth Research Institute of the second Ministry of machinery industry and vice president of the Ninth Research Institute. He is in charge of scientific research and devoted all his energy and wisdom to the important project of nuclear weapon development. As the chief technical director, he participated in leading and guiding the decomposition of nuclear weapon development tasks, determining the main scientific problems and key technologies for research, selecting the technical approaches to solve the problems, setting up projects and formulating implementation plans for key research projects. From 1964 to 1966, Zhu Guangya participated in the organization and leadership of China's first atomic bomb, the first air dropped aerial bomb, and the first "two bomb combination" test mission of missile and atomic bomb. In a short period of two years, China has become one of the few countries in the world that have independently mastered nuclear technology. In June 1967, Zhu Guangya participated in the successful explosion of China's first hydrogen bomb. In September 1969, Zhu Guangya participated in the organization and command of China's first underground nuclear test and achieved success. China's underground nuclear test technology has made a major breakthrough, achieving the goal of transferring nuclear test to underground, providing strong support for the rapid and sustainable development of nuclear weapon technology. from June 1970 to July 1982, he served as deputy director of the national defense science and Technology Commission. While continuing to be responsible for organizing research and development of nuclear weapon technology, he also participated in organizing and leading important work in the field of national defense science and technology. During this period, he organized and guided the preparation of Qinshan nuclear power station, the first nuclear power station in China, and the research and development of nuclear fuel processing technology and nuclear radioisotope application projects. In 1980, he was elected member of the academic department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (later renamed academician). In 1986, the State Council organized more than 200 famous experts and scholars across the country to conduct full research on special topics, and formulated China's first "863" high-tech research and development plan of "military civilian integration". Zhu Guangya, as a member of the State Council's high tech plan coordination and guidance group, director of the science and Technology Commission of the Commission of science, technology and industry for national defense, and a famous scientist, personally participated in organizing and guiding the expert demonstration work and drafting the outline of the high tech research and development plan (863 plan). In October 1991, Zhu Guangya led a team of Chinese scientists to the United States to conduct bilateral academic exchanges with the international security and Arms Control Commission (CISAC) of the American Academy of Sciences. At the exchange meeting, he personally introduced the achievements of China's arms control research to his American counterparts, publicized China's position and views, and achieved good results. In 1994, he was selected as one of the first academicians of the Chinese Academy of engineering. from June 1994 to May 1998, he was the first president and Secretary of the Party group of the Chinese Academy of engineering. He led the establishment of a set of effective working methods and procedures, and made a lot of foundational and pioneering work for the establishment and development of the Chinese Academy of engineering. In May 1996, Zhu Guangya was elected as the honorary chairman of the China Association for science and technology. In the same year, he Liang He Li award of HK $1 million was donated to the China Engineering Science and Technology Award Foundation to reward China's outstanding engineering science and technology experts. In January 1999, he was the director of the science and Technology Commission of the general equipment department; on September 9 of the same year, he donated more than 40000 yuan to the China Science and technology development foundation; on September 18 of the same year, the state awarded Zhu Guangya the "two bombs and one Star Medal for meritorious service". In May 2002, he was awarded the "gold medal for academic achievements of century alumni" by Nanjing University. At 10:30 on February 26, 2011, Zhu Guangya died of illness in Beijing at the age of 87.

Main achievements

Achievements in scientific research

Zhu Guangya participated in organizing and leading the development of China's atomic and hydrogen bombs and previous nuclear tests, and made significant contributions to the establishment and development of China's nuclear weapons cause. He also participated in the organization and leadership of the preparation for the construction of Qinshan nuclear power station, the development and research of radioisotope application, the formulation and implementation of the national high technology development and research plan, and the strategic research on the development of national defense science and technology and weapons and equipment.

The first atomic bomb exploded successfully

In March 1963, Zhu Guangya participated in the organization and determined the first protolith

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Guang Ya