Li Siguang

Li Siguang

Li Siguang (October 26, 1889 - April 29, 1971), with the name of Zhonggong, was originally named Li Zhongkui. He was born in Huanggang, Hubei Province, Mongolian nationality, geologist, educator, musician and social activist. He was the founder of geomechanics in China, one of the main leaders and founders of modern Geosciences and geological work in China, and the first batch of outstanding scientists and pioneers for the development of new China after the founding of new China Yuanxun, who has made outstanding contributions, was elected as one of 100 people who have moved China since the founding of new China in 2009.

Li Siguang graduated from Osaka Institute of technology in July 1910, served as Minister of industry of Hubei military government in 1911, director of Institute of geology of Academia Sinica in January 1928, academician of Academia Sinica in 1948, vice president of Chinese Academy of Sciences in May 1950, vice chairman of Executive Committee of World Association of scientists in April 1951, and vice chairman of Chinese Academy of Sciences in September 1952 Minister of the Ministry of geology of the people's Republic of China; member (academician) of the academic department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955; chairman of the China Association for science and technology in September 1958; member of the ninth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in April 1969; and leader of the science and education group of the State Council in August 1970.

Li Siguang founded geomechanics and made an important contribution to the development of China's petroleum industry. In his early years, he made exquisite research on fusulinidae fossils and the significance of stratigraphic stratification, proposed the existence of Quaternary glaciers in eastern China, established the concepts of "geomechanics" and "tectonic system", and established the school of geomechanics. He also proposed three subsidence models of the new Cathaysian tectonic system With the recognition of broad oil prospecting prospect, it has created a way of earthquake prediction by combining active structure research with in-situ stress observation.

Life of the characters

On October 26, 1889, Li Siguang was born in a poor family in xiazhangjiawan village, Huilong Town, Huanggang County, Huangzhou Prefecture, Hubei Province.

He studied in his father Li zhuohou's private school since childhood. When Li Zhongkui was 14 years old, he bid farewell to his parents and went to Wuchang primary school alone. When filling in the application form, he mistook the name column for the age column and wrote down the word "14". Then he had an idea to change the word "10" into "Li" and add the word "Guang" after it, so he changed his name to Li Siguang. From then on, he became known as "Li Siguang".

In May 1904, Li Siguang went to Japan to study in general at Tokyo Hongwen University. In December of the same year, he met Song Jiaoren, a modern democratic revolutionist who was studying at Tokyo law and Politics University at that time. After Song Jiaoren's introduction, he met Ma Junwu, who was studying technological chemistry at Tokyo Jingxi University. At this time, he accepted more democratic revolutionary ideas and began to embark on the revolutionary road. And resolutely cut off the long braids on his head, showing that he was on the side of the revolution.

At the beginning of 1905, although Li Siguang had a heavy learning task, he still often went to the international students' guild, went to gatherings and lectures, and decided to follow Dr. Sun Yat Sen. On July 30, he participated in the preparatory meeting of the Chinese League meeting held at the Sanfan Heilong club in matsutake, Akasaka District, Tokyo. After the meeting, Sun Yat Sen led the alliance and swore to join the alliance. Among them, Li Siguang's oath was: alliance member Li Siguang, Huanggang County, Huangzhou Prefecture, Hubei Province, vowed on the same day: expel the Tartars, restore China, establish the Republic of China, average land rights. Yaxin Yazhong has a beginning and a ending. If so, the public will be punished. Li Siguang, member of China Alliance, July 30, 2000. Sun Yat Sen also praised him with eight characters: "strive to learn and make it a national use." Li Siguang was the youngest of the first members of the alliance. On August 20, he attended the founding meeting of the China Alliance at the residence of Mr. Naida Liangping, matsutachi, Akasaka District, Tokyo, Japan.

In 1907, he entered the ship Department of Osaka Institute of technology, studied shipbuilding machinery, and graduated in 1910.

In 1911, the revolution of 1911 overthrew the imperial government of the Qing Dynasty, and Li Siguang became the Minister of industry of Hubei military government; after the establishment of Nanjing Provisional Government, the Ministry of industry of the province was changed to the Department of industry, and still served as the director general. Soon after, Yuan Shikai usurped the fruits of the revolution, and Li Siguang angrily resigned from the post of director of the industrial department.

In 1913, he traveled across the ocean to study in England. He was admitted to the University of Birmingham in England. He studied mining first and then geology. He graduated in 1919 and was awarded a master's degree.

In 1920, he accepted the appointment of Mr. Cai Yuanpei, President of Peking University, and returned to China. He served as a professor and head of the Department of geology of Peking University. At the same time, he served as a member of the Council of Peking University and the general affairs director of the school of Science.

In 1922, Li Siguang, together with Zhang Hongzhao, Ding Wenjiang and Weng Wenhao, founded the Geological Society of China. He was elected as the first vice president, and later served as the president and chairman for a long time.

After 1928, Li Siguang served as the former director of the Institute of geology of Academia Sinica for a long time. In August of the same year, the national government decided to establish national Wuhan University, and Cai Yuanpei, President of the National Government College (Ministry of Education), appointed Li Siguang as the chairman of the Preparatory Committee for the construction of Wuhan University. In November of the same year, the committee decided to take the Luojiashan area near the East Lake outside the city of Wuchang as the new school address（ There is also a statue of Li Siguang in Wuhan University.

In October 1929, the new campus was completed. He and Cai Yuanpei attended the opening ceremony of the new campus of Wuhan University, realizing his long cherished wish to establish a modern university in a place with mountains and waters.

In 1931, he was awarded a doctor's degree in natural science by Birmingham University.

In 1932, he was the acting president of Central University (now Nanjing University).

From 1934 to 1936, he taught geology of China in eight universities, including London, Cambridge and Birmingham, which was welcomed and praised by British academic circles.

In 1937, he was an honorary professor in the Department of geology, School of science, Central University; in November of the same year, he led the Institute of geology, Academia Sinica to move to Guilin, Guangxi.

In 1944, the Institute of geology of Academia Sinica moved to Chongqing via Guiyang.

From 1944 to 1946, he was a professor in Chongqing University and opened the first petroleum major in China.

In 1948, he was elected as an academician of Academia Sinica. In early February of the same year, Li Siguang and his wife Xu Shubin set out from Shanghai to attend the 18th International Geological Congress in London, England. In the same year, he received a doctor of philosophy degree from the University of Oslo, Norway.

At the beginning of 1949, he wrote several letters to Xu Jie and others in the Institute of geology of Academia Sinica, supporting them to stick to Nanjing and opposing the relocation of Guangzhou; at the beginning of April of the same year, the Chinese delegation headed by Guo Moruo went to Prague to attend the world peace keeping Conference. Before going abroad, Guo Moruo, according to Zhou Enlai's instructions, brought a letter to Li Siguang, asking him to return home as soon as possible. Unfortunately, due to the influence of the Second World War, the passenger ship tickets from England to the Far East had to be reserved one year in advance, so the return date had to be delayed.

In the autumn of 1949, when the people's Republic of China was just around the corner, Li Siguang was invited to serve as a member of the CPPCC. However, when he was ready to return home, his friends (Ling Shuhua and Chen Yuan) in London told him that the ambassador of the Kuomintang government to Britain had received a secret order to make a public statement and refuse to accept the post of a member of the CPPCC, otherwise he would be detained. Li Siguang left London and came to France. Two weeks later, the couple bought a ticket from Italy to Hong Kong in Basel, and set out to return to China secretly in December 1949. On May 6, 1950, Li Siguang finally arrived in Beijing.

In May 1950, he served as vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of the China Geological Work Plan Instructor Association, and chairman of the all China Federation of Natural Science Societies.

In April 1951, he was elected as the vice chairman of the Executive Committee of the World Association of scientific workers; in August of the same year, China Changchun College of geology, Department of Geology and mineral resources of Shandong University, Department of Geology and physics of Northeast Institute of technology merged into Northeast Institute of Geology (later known as Changchun College of geology, now the Department of Geosciences of Jilin University), and Li Siguang served as the first president.

In 1952, Li Siguang was invited back to work in the Institute of geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and in September of the same year, he served as Minister of the Ministry of geology of the people's Republic of China.

In 1955, he was elected member of the academic department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (later renamed academician).

In February 1956, the Research Office of geomechanics was established and concurrently served as its director; in 1958, the office was transformed into an institute and concurrently served as its director.

In June 1958, he was awarded a foreign academician by the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union; in August of the same year, he served as director of the Atomic Energy Commission of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; in September of the same year, he served as chairman of the Chinese Association for science and technology; in December of the same year, he Changgong and Zhang Jinfu introduced him to join the Communist Party of China.

After the 1960s, Li Siguang's health became worse and worse due to overwork. He devoted himself to earthquake prediction, prediction and geothermal utilization with great enthusiasm and energy.

In April 1969, he was elected a member of the ninth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

In August 1970, he served as the leader of the science and education group of the State Council.

On April 29, 1971, Li Siguang died of illness at the age of 82.

Main achievements

Achievements in scientific research

Li Siguang's scientific achievements can be roughly divided into two stages. Before 1949, due to the limitations of the historical conditions of old China, he focused on the research of basic geological subjects; after 1949, he continued to pay attention to basic research, at the same time, he focused on the development of applied research according to the needs of the country.

The identification of fusulinidae was proposed

Chinese PinYin : Li Si Guang