Xiao He
Xiao He
Xiao He (257-193 BC) was born in Fengyi, Peijun county (now Fengxian, Jiangsu Province). In the Western Han Dynasty, he was the founder, politician and prime minister.
In his early years, he became an official of the Qin Dynasty and served as the chief official of Pei County, assisting Liu Bang's uprising. After conquering Xianyang, he received the decrees and books collected by Prime Minister Qin's and Yushi's offices, and mastered the national mountains and rivers, counties and household registration, which played an important role in formulating policies in the future. During the battle between Chu and Han, Liu Bang stayed in Guanzhong, built the rear area of Han Army, transported soldiers and food to support the battle, which played an important role in Liu Bang's victory over Xiang Yu and the establishment of Han Dynasty. After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, he served as the prime minister, known as "Xiao Xiangguo" in history, and was canonized as Marquis Zhu, ranking first among the meritorious officials. Based on the six laws of the Qin Dynasty, the nine chapter law was formulated and implemented. He advocated the rule of inaction and adopted Huang Lao's technique to recuperate. In the 11th year of emperor Gaodi of Han Dynasty (196 BC), he helped Liu Bang eliminate Han Xin, yingbu and other princes with different surnames. After Liu Bang died, he assisted emperor Huidi of Han Dynasty.
Han Huidi two years (193 BC) in July, died, posthumous title "Wenzhong".
Life of the characters
Early experience
Xiao He's birthday is unknown. When he was young, he was the chief official of Pei county (now Pei County, Jiangsu Province). At ordinary times, he is diligent and eager to learn, and has a keen mind. He has a lot of research on the laws and regulations of the past dynasties. Xiao He is thrifty by nature and never extravagant. Easygoing personality, very good at knowing people, made a lot of good friends. Among them, Liu Bang, the pavilion chief of Qin Sishui, fan Kuai, the butcher, Cao Shen, Xia Houying, the coachman, and Zhou Bo, the father of the famous general Zhou Yafu, became close friends because of their similar age and personality. Especially for Liu Bang, the feeling is more unusual. When he saw that Liu Bang was dignified and dignified, his style of speech was different from that of others, and he was a very expensive person, so he admired him very much and used his power to protect him secretly many times.
Once, Liu Bang was ordered to escort a group of prisoners to the Lishan Mountain to build the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty. Not far from the county, he fled many people. Liu Bang could not catch up with him, but also could not restrain him. When he arrived at daze, Fengxiang, Liu Bang simply untied all the prisoners and told them to escape, while he and more than 10 prisoners who were determined to accompany him to seek refuge between Mang and Dang mountains. When Peixian county magistrate learned about it, he arrested Liu Bang's wife LV Zhi and released them on bail.
In July of the first year of Qin II (209 BC), Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rose up in daze Township and raised the banner of anti Qin. At this time, Xiao He was still a meritorious Cao in Peixian county. He met with Cao Shen, fan Kuai, Xia Houying, Zhou Bo and others from time to time, closely watched the development of the situation, and secretly kept in touch with Liu Bang in Mangdangshan.
Peixian Uprising
Under the influence of the uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, many local officials also felt that the tyranny of Qin could not last long, so they rebelled against the imperial court one after another and attached themselves to the rebel army to protect themselves. Peixian County, where Xiao He works, is similar to Qizhou. The magistrate of Peixian county is afraid of losing his head when he sees the flames of war everywhere. So they came to Xiao He, Cao Shen and others to discuss the secret business. Xiao He suggested: "you are an official of the Qin Dynasty. The people of Peixian are afraid to listen to you. If you want to do something important, you have to invite the escaped heroes back. In this way, Peixian will be as peaceful as Mount Tai. " The magistrate agreed, so he sent fan Kuai, the husband of Liu Bang's wife and sister Lu Xu, to Mangdangshan to retrieve Liu Bang and revolt together. Liu Bang readily agreed and immediately led the crowd to Peixian. Unexpectedly, the county magistrate turned back and refused Liu Bang outside the city, and wanted to kill Xiao He and others. In this case, Xiao He and Cao can were very afraid and fled to Liu Bang. Later, Liu Bang wrote a letter to Peixian's father on silk and shot it into the city with an arrow. The book says: "it has been a long time since the common people all over the world suffered from the tyranny of Qin Dynasty, but now they are guarding the city for the county magistrate. With the rise of all the princes in the world, Peixian city will soon be broken. If the people of Peicheng get up now to kill the county magistrate and respond to the princes, their families will be preserved. Otherwise, father and son will be killed in vain. " After reading Liu Bang's letter, the people of Pei county gathered to kill the magistrate and open the gate to welcome Liu Bang.
After Liu Bang entered the city, he called together Peicheng and his elders to discuss the big plan. Everyone elected Liu Bang as the county magistrate to support himself. But Liu Bang refused: "now the world is in turmoil, and the princes rise together. Peiling himself should choose the most prestigious person in the county. I don't love myself. I'm really weak in virtue and can be fresh. If I miss the whole city, I can't redeem myself. I'd better choose another talented person for the sake of great things. " Both Xiao He and Cao Shen were literary officials. They were worried about their life and family, and were afraid that they would not succeed. They were killed by the Qin Dynasty, so they tried their best to recommend Liu Bang. Peixian elders also said that Liu Bang was the most auspicious after divination, and they all supported Liu Bang. Liu Bang refused many times, but finally he had to promise. So they held a ceremony in the hall of the county government. They swore to cause trouble and called Liu Bang "Peigong" according to the old system of the Warring States period. (it is said that Xiao He set up a "plan to occupy and ask" among them, and later generations also deduce the story that Xiao He let Liu Bang draw lots.)
Go west to destroy Qin Dynasty
In September of the second year of Qin II (208 BC), Xiang Liang killed Yin Tong, the prefect of Kuaiji, and raised the banner of righteousness. Soon after, more than 200000 troops were gathered to support Xiong Xin, the 13-year-old grandson of the king of Chu, and meet with Liu Bang's troops in Xuecheng. The generals agreed that Xiang Yu would rescue Zhao from the north, and then attack Qin from the North Road to the west, and Liu Bang from the South Road to Guanzhong. After defeating the Qin army, the first one to enter Xianyang, the capital of Qin, will be the king of Guanzhong.
Liu Bang led the army forward bravely. Relying on the plan of Zhang Liang and others, Liu Bang avoided the real and used both suppression and pacification, and captured the pass all the way to Guanzhong. Xiao He, as a city governor, was in charge of the logistics of the army. In October 206 BC, Liu Bang led his army to Xianyang city. Prince Qin designs to kill Zhao Gao, the traitor, and gives his seal to surrender to Liu Bang. So the uprising army moved into Xianyang city. When the soldiers saw that the palace of the capital of Qin was towering and the market was prosperous, they immediately forgot themselves and plundered gold and silver. Even Peigong could not help but ran to the palace of Qin to look around in his spare time. When he saw the gorgeous palace, the strange furnishings, the piles of gold and silver jewelry, the hounds and horses, the rare playthings, and the groups of beautiful women, he was dazzled and fluttering, even greedy for the wealth of the Qin palace and could not bear to leave. He went into Hu Hai's bedroom with a beautiful woman in his arms. He lay down on the Dragon bed and entered the gentle village. All of a sudden, general fan Kuai broke in and said in a loud voice, "does Peigong want to win the world, or do he want to be a rich man? These luxuries are the root of Qin's death. Don't be obsessed with it At the same time, Zhang Liang and others came to state their interests. Liu Bang realized that he ordered his soldiers to seal up the Imperial Palace and then led all the soldiers back to Bashang. Only Xiao He, after entering Xianyang, was not greedy for gold and silver, and was not infatuated with beautiful women. However, he rushed to the Yushi mansion of the Prime Minister of Qin, and sent soldiers to quickly surround the Yushi mansion of the Prime Minister of Qin, and no one was allowed to go in and out. Then let faithful and reliable people check the registered residence books, statutes, statutes and other books in the Qin Dynasty, be arranged in different categories, register and compile, and collect them all together for future investigation.
Because, according to the canon system of Qin Dynasty, the prime minister assisted the emperor to deal with state affairs; the censor supervised the censor of each county externally and accepted the minister's performance internally. Apart from military power, the prime minister and the censor almost dominated all the government affairs. Xiao He has been an official for many years. Of course, he knows this. Liu Bang was ashamed and said, "Xiao He is really a genius. It's not in vain for me to promote him." Xiao He's collection of these laws and regulations of the Qin Dynasty made Liu Bang know everything about the customs, the number of registered permanent residence, the situation of the strong and the weak, the customs, and so on. It provided a reliable basis for the formulation of correct policies and laws and regulations, and played an important role in the establishment and consolidation of the Western Han Dynasty. This also shows Xiao He's foresight.
Recommend Hanshin
Soon after Liu Bang took the lead in conquering Xianyang, Xiang Yu led his army to enter the pass. In February of the same year, he became the overlord of Western Chu, occupying nine counties in the east of Liang Chu, with Pengcheng (Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province) as his capital. He abandoned the original agreement and established Liu Bang as the king of Han Dynasty. He governed the remote areas of Ba, Shu and Hanzhong, and established the capital of Nanzheng. In order to prevent Liu Bang from moving eastward, Xiang Yu divided Guanzhong area into three parts and enfeoffed them to three demoted generals of the Qin Dynasty: Zhang Han, King Yong, Dong Yi, King Zhai, and Sima Xin, King Sai. Liu Bang saw Xiang Yu's sinister intentions, choked his stomach, and wanted to fight Xiang Yu to the death. However, he was too weak to win. We have to take the advice of Xiao He and Zhang Liang, and wait to compete with Xiang Yu.
In April, the princes led their own troops back to their fiefdoms. According to Zhang Liang's stratagem, Liu Bang stopped his efforts and made a hasty March to Bashu. Along the way, many soldiers from other princes and kings volunteered to join Liu Bang. It was at this time that Han Xin escaped from Chu camp and went to Liu Bang. Han Xinyuan is Xiang Yu's subordinate. He is brave and resourceful. He is an unparalleled militarist in the world. However, Xiang Yu's men did not get much attention, so he joined Liu Bang. At first, Liu Bang made him a small official in charge of grain and grass. Han Xin was greatly disappointed. By chance, Xiao he met Han Xin. In the process of contact, Xiao he found that Han Xin had courage and insight, and he was a rare talent, so he recommended to Liu Bang many times, but he did not attract Liu Bang's attention.
In the twinkling of an eye, more than two months have passed. The officers and soldiers of Han Army didn't want to stay in Sichuan for a long time, and more and more people left their hometown. One day, Han Xin saw that he was still not valued in Hanying for a long time, and left Hanying in a rage. When Xiao He learned that, he immediately put down his unfinished urgent business and rode after Han Xin himself. He didn't even have time to say hello to Liu Bang
Chinese PinYin : Xiao He
Xiao He
