Emperor Ming

Cao Rui

Cao Rui (204-239, January 22), a member of peiguo county (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province), was born in Zhongyuan. The second emperor of the Wei Dynasty. The eldest son of Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, whose mother was empress Zhen of Wen Zhao.

In 222, Cao Rui was appointed the king of the plain. In May 226, Emperor Wen of Wei was seriously ill, and Cao Rui was appointed the crown prince, which is located in Luoyang. During his reign, Cao Rui commanded Cao Zhen, Sima Yi and others to successfully defend against the attacks of Wu and Shu, pacified Xianbei, defeated Gongsun yuan, set up the doctor of law system, paid attention to the trial of prison proceedings, and made 18 Wei laws with Chen Qun and others, which was a great progress in the history of ancient codification. Wei Ming emperor made great achievements in military, political and cultural aspects, but in the later period of his rule, he built large-scale buildings and adopted many women, which left a negative impact.

In 239, Cao Rui died of illness in Luoyang. He was only 36 years old. His temple title was liezu, and his posthumous title was Emperor Ming. He was buried in Gaoping mausoleum. Cao Ruineng's poems, together with Cao Cao and Cao Pi, are called the "three ancestors" of the Wei family. The original collection has been lost. Later generations have compiled two volumes of his prose and more than ten Yuefu Poems.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Cao Rui was born in the ninth year of Jian'an His mother was empress Wen Zhao Zhen, who was the wife of Yuan Xi, the governor of Youzhou. After Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao, he was accepted by Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, and was very favored. He had Cao Rui and Princess Dongxiang. Cao Rui was handsome and refined since childhood. He was young, intelligent, knowledgeable and never forgets. His grandfather, Cao Cao, was very surprised and loved it. He often accompanied him. At the court banquet, he was often called to stand side by side with his ministers. Cao Cao once commented: "with my family foundation, you can inherit it for three generations." Cao Rui is fond of learning and understanding, especially paying attention to the study of the law.

In 217, Cao Cao became the king of Wei Dynasty. In the same year, Cao Rui and his sister Dongxiang princess left their mother Zhen's family and went to Jiangdong with their grandmother Mrs. Bian and father Cao Pi.

In the first year of Yankang (220), Cao Cao died of illness, and Cao Pi, Cao Rui's father, succeeded to the throne of Wei. In May of the same year, Cao Rui, 15 years old, was appointed as Marquis of Wude. Cao Pi wrote the Fu Ling of calling Zheng Marquis of Wude by his servant. He personally ordered Zheng, a great scholar at that time, to be called the master of Cao Rui and teach him Confucian classics in order to show his ambition.

In 221, Cao Rui was granted the title of Duke of Qi. In August of the same year, his mother Zhen's family died because of complaints and was buried in Yecheng. Cao Rui was deposed as Marquis of Pingyuan because his mother was convicted. In March of 222, Cao Pi regained his title, and Jin became the king of the plain.

Donggong years

Due to the death of his mother, Cao Rui was dismissed as Marquis of the plain. At first, his father, Wei Wendi, thought that Cao Rui had been dissatisfied before, so he wanted to make Cao Li, the king of Jingzhao born to Xu Ji, his successor. Therefore, he did not establish a prince for a long time. During this period, all the family officials, teachers and friends in Cao Rui's house only took people with integrity as their successors, helped each other, encouraged and corrected each other. Be careful in handling affairs and avoid being punished. When Cao Rui was in the East Palace, he had a good personal relationship with Wei Zhen, an important official. He often discussed Court Affairs and books together. Cao Pi also asked Wei Zhen about Cao Rui. Wei Zhen only praised him for being reasonable and virtuous.

According to the unofficial history "biography of the end of Wei", Cao Rui once hunted with Cao Pi and saw two deer. Emperor Wen shot the mother of the deer and ordered Cao Rui to shoot her son. Cao Rui refused, saying, "Your Majesty has killed the mother of the deer. I really can't bear to kill her children any more." Then he cried. Emperor Wen then put down his bow and arrow, deeply surprised, and decided to make Cao Rui the crown prince.

In March of the third year of Huangchu (222), Cao Rui was soon established as the king of the plain. Later, Cao Pi issued an imperial edict to adopt him to empress Guo as his son, which further confirmed the status of his eldest son. However, Cao Rui was indignant because his mother was given death rather than a good death. Later, he began to serve his mother respectfully. Every morning and evening, he went to the palace to greet him. Queen Guo also loved Cao Rui because she had no son. In addition to Cao Pi as Cao Rui's imperial edict and Zheng as his teacher, gaotanglong was also appointed as Pingyuan Wangfu in Pingyuan palace. Wu Qiujian, he Zeng, Ji Mao and other people were appointed as literary officials. In the fourth year of the early Huang Dynasty, Cao Pi hired the Yu family of Hanoi aristocratic family as the princess of Pingyuan, and also chose the Mao family of Hanoi to enter the eastern palace. Cao Rui was very fond of him, and he went in and out with him to ride the chariot.

On May 16, the seventh year of Huangchu (226), Cao Pi died of illness, and Cao Rui was appointed as the crown prince.

The early administration of the Ming Emperor

On May 17, 226, Emperor Wen died. Young Cao Rui ascended the throne in Luoyang for emperor Wei Ming. With the help of Cao Zhen, Cao Xiu, Chen Qun and Sima Yi, he began his 12 year ruling career.

After Cao Rui ascended the throne, he respected the Empress Dowager as the empress dowager, and the Empress Dowager as the Empress Dowager. He posthumously named his mother, Mrs. Zhen, empress Wenzhao, and named his younger brother Cao Rui the king of Yangping. In August of the same year, Sun Quan attacked Jiangxia, and wenpin, the governor of Jiangxia, held fast. The courtiers discussed sending troops to rescue, while Cao Rui thought that Sun Quan's army was good at water warfare. This time, he dared to attack the city on land instead of water warfare. But wenpin attacked suddenly because of his lax defense, but now wenpin has been able to compete with them. They don't have obvious advantages, so they won't stick to it for a long time. " Before that, Cao Rui once sent the imperial censor Xunyu to comfort the soldiers guarding the border. When he learned of the news of the invasion of the Wu army, he summoned soldiers and horses from all counties along the way to Jiangxia, together with the cavalry guards around him, with a total of more than 1000 cavalry soldiers. When he arrived outside Jiangxia City, Xunyu directed his army to attack Wu Bing by raising fire in the mountains, and the Wu army retreated as expected.

In Xinsi, Cao Ruifeng was the prince, and Cao Fen was the king of Qinghe. General Sima Yi of Fu army commanded Wei army to defeat Wu army and kill Zhang ba. Cao Xiu, the great general of Zhengdong, also defeated other Soochow troops in Xunyang. The court discussed the merits one by one. In October, Cao Peng died of illness. In December, Cao Rui was promoted to Taiwei Zhong Yao as Taifu. Cao Xiu, the general of Zhengdong, was promoted to Da Sima. Cao Zhen, the general of the Chinese army, was promoted to Da Wei, situ Huaxin, Sikong Wanglang, situ, Chen Qun, Fujun, and Sima Yi, the general of Puqi.

In the first month of the first year of Taihe (227), Qu Ying in Xiping County rebelled and even killed local officials such as linqiang Ling and Xidu Chang. Then the Ming emperor sent generals Hao Shao and Lu pan to pacify the rebellion and kill Qu Ying. On February 5, Emperor Ming went to farm in person to show his emphasis on agriculture. On the 15th, an imperial edict was issued to build a temple for Empress Wenzhao in Yecheng. On October 4, he practiced in the eastern suburbs. The king of Yanqi in the western regions sent his son to serve the Ming emperor. In November, the old Baron and the old Baron were granted the status of widows. In December, Mengda, the prefect of Xincheng, rebelled and ordered puma Yi to attack.

resist foreign aggression and pacify the interior

In the second year of Taihe (228), Sima Yi conquered the new town. Mengda was killed and sent to Luoyang, Kyoto. The imperial court designated Shangyong, Wuling and Wu counties, which were originally new towns, and set up a new Shangyong county. During the first northern expedition of Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of Shu, the officials and common people of Tianshui, Nan'an and anding all rebelled against Wei and returned to Shu. At that time, all the court officials had nothing to do. Cao Rui said: "ZHUGE Liang could have relied on the mountains to defend himself, but now he took the initiative to attack, and he was greedy for the three counties. He only knew how to attack but not how to retreat. He would be defeated." Therefore, Cao Rui sent Cao Zhen, Zhang Ying and others to lead 50000 troops to resist the enemy, and personally went to Chang'an to hold the battle. Soon after, Ma Su was defeated by Zhang Ying, and the Shu army retreated back to Hanzhong. As a result, the three counties of Tianshui, Nan'an and anding were pacified. On March 18, the Ming emperor came to Chang'an and returned to Luoyang in April. He ordered that all prisoners except the death penalty be pardoned. On the 16th, the battle achievements of the expedition were assessed, and the generals and soldiers were granted titles and increased cities according to their merits. In September, the great Sima caoxiu and Wu general Lu Xun fought in shiting, and the Wei army was defeated.

In June, the Ming emperor issued an imperial edict, saying: "respecting Confucianism and advocating the style of academic research are the foundation for the state to implement Wang Jiao. But recently, some Confucian officials are incompetent. How can they spread the holy way like this? Only those learned people who have passed the strict examination and selection can take up such important positions as serving in the middle and serving often. Today, I would like to tell the world that the prerequisite for recommending talents to the imperial court in the future is to be familiar with Confucian classics. " On the 29th, the Ming emperor issued an edict to each minister of state to appoint a good general. In November, situ Wang Lang died.

In December of the same year, Zhuge Liang's Second Northern Expedition surrounded Chencang. General Cao Zhen sent General Fei Yao and others to lead the troops. At the same time, Gongsun Gong, the governor of Liaodong, was seized by his nephew Gongsun Yuanmou. In order to stabilize the rear area, the imperial court had to appoint Gongsun yuan as the governor of Liaodong.

In the third year of Taihe (229), Cao Li, king of Yuancheng, died in April. On June 21, Cao mu, king of Fanyang, died. On the 26th, Cao Rui Zhui Zun became emperor Gao when he was Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cao Teng, who had been the great emperor of Changqiu, was Emperor Gao, and his wife Wu was empress Gao. In October, pingwangguan was renamed the concept of hearing lawsuits. Emperor Ming often said: "the trial of public cases is related to the lives of people all over the world, so we must be aware of and judge." Therefore, every time a major case is judged. He often went to court in person. In November, Wang Bo sent envoys to pay homage and present rare gifts to Emperor Ming. Cao Rui was appointed the king of Dayue.

On February 4, the fourth year of Taihe (230), Cao Rui issued an imperial edict to strictly select officials with virtue and remove the incompetent. On the 10th, Cao Rui also ordered Taifu Sangong to engrave the book dianlun written by Emperor Wen on a stone tablet and stand outside the ancestral temple. General Cao Zhen was appointed as general Sima, Hushi general Sima Yi as general, and Liaodong prefect Gongsun yuan as general of motorcycles. On June 11, Bian, the empress dowager, died. On June 19, Cao Rui visited Shangyong county. In July, the imperial edict was issued

Chinese PinYin : Ming Di