intimate of Sun Yat-sen

intimate of Sun Yat-sen

Wang Jingwei (May 4, 1883 - November 10, 1944), also known as Wang Zhaoming, was born in Shanyin, Zhejiang Province (formerly Shaoxing County). He was born in Sanshui, Guangdong Province with the name of Jixin.

In his early years, he joined the revolution and attempted to assassinate Tsai Feng, the Regent of the Qing Dynasty. After returning to China, under the leadership of Sun Yat Sen, he founded the magazine "construction" in Shanghai in 1919. In 1921, Sun Yat Sen took office as president in Guangzhou, and Wang Jingwei served as president of education in Guangdong Province and adviser to Guangdong government.

In 1924, he was appointed Minister of propaganda of the Central Committee. During the Anti Japanese War, he took refuge in Japan, established a puppet national government in Nanjing and became a traitor. In 1944, he died of myeloma in Nagoya, Japan.

Life of the characters

Born in a family

Born on May 4, 1883 (the ninth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), he was a businessman surnamed Wang.

Wang Jingwei was originally from Shanyin, Zhejiang Province (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province). All the tombs above his grandfather were in Shaoxing. His grandfather Wang Yun (1786 ~ 1844), whose name is Manqing and his name is Manting, was a Juren in the second year of Daoguang (1822). He had once been a Juren in Shaoxing, and later he was elected to teach in Suichang county. He made great contributions to the local education. When his father Wang Yu, his family moved to Panyu, Guangdong. Wang Jing Wei's father, Wang Li, was an unsuccessful scholar. When he was young, he worked as an aide in Sanshui, Qujiang, Yingde and other counties in Guangdong Province. However, his salary was not high, but he had to maintain the dignity of an official family and lead a miserable life. When Wang Jingwei was 13 or 4 years old, his parents met one another and had to live with his half brother Wang Zhaoyong. "Food and clothing are all due to his elder brother.".

juvenile

In 1922, Wang asked Wen Youju to draw the picture of morning classes in autumn court, and he made the following pictures for this purpose:

"The picture on the right indicates that when I was a child, I was like my mother. At that time, Zhao Ming was nine years old. Pingdan would write in the atrium, and his mother would look at it, and it was normal every day My father was poor, but he was still a guest to Lu Feng Sometimes I see my mother's silence and tears. Although my heart is sad and restless, I don't understand my mother's kindness at the beginning. I feel very bitter. When the hen crows, she attends to her father and caresses the weak. She manages her family affairs. She is careless about rice and salt. She often sleeps all night When I see my mother sighing, I search my suitcase to get clothes, and I pledge money to buy fruit and food. When my relatives and friends arrive, I feel like I have nothing to worry about If you work too hard, you won't die. I'm sorry for you

Wang Jingwei was a scholar in the middle school. When he spoke, he paid great attention to covering his resentment with a warm veil. However, the above two paragraphs still revealed his parents' infinite sadness after their death. The words of yearning for mother deeply reflect the disappointments and hardships after her death.

Wang Jingwei lives in this kind of restrained family environment, with very little happy atmosphere. This kind of situation is not a day or two, but a long time, which plays a casting role in Wang Jingwei's character. In this way, Wang Jingwei developed the personality characteristics of cowardice, inferiority and indecision from childhood.

Although the Wang family is not rich or poor, it is a scholarly family. His grandfather Wang Manting was a Juren and served as a teacher in Suichang; his father Wang shengzhai served as an aide all his life; his elder brother Zhao Yong served as a teacher in Lechang. In such a family, the cultural atmosphere of Confucianism is relatively strong. In his childhood, Wang Jingwei studied with his parents and received traditional feudal education. He "studied literature, history and social affairs from Zhang meixuan in Lechang county.". Their family climbed up the old road of feudal scholars.

adult

In March 1902, Wang Jingwei took part in the Guangzhou government examination and won the first prize as a scholar. A family of two generations and three scholars can be described as "Yufeng double show, Zhushu three flowers". (Note: see Shaohua's biography of Wang Jingwei, P. 5.) The pursuit of fame, and income, of course, the Confucian culture is very strong, belief in Confucius and Mencius is very devout. In Confucianism, there are not only "benevolence, wisdom and courage", such as Zilu's strong factor of "the death of a gentleman is inevitable", but also "gentleness, courtesy and Thrift", "Leniency" and "forgiveness". From the perspective of Wang's life experience and the way of his fame, Wang accepted the influence of "Gong" and "Shu".

Career twists and turns

Join the League

In 1903, he went to Japan to study at government expense.

In July 1905, he visited Sun Yat Sen, joined the alliance and participated in drafting the constitution of the alliance. In August, he was elected as the chairman of the Council of the United League. Later, under the pseudonym of "Jingwei", he successively published a series of articles in Min Bao, such as "National People", "on the trend of revolution", "refuting the theory that revolution can be called and divided up", which publicized the three people's principles and denounced Kang Youwei's and Liang Qichao's fallacy of protecting the emperor, which was highly praised by sun.

After graduating in June 1906, he refused the request of Cen Chunxuan, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, to return to China for service. At the beginning of 1907, he went to Nanyang with sun to set up a branch of the alliance. He was one of the chief writers of Zhongxing daily, a newspaper of the Nanyang revolutionary party, and had a debate with Nanyang Zonghui daily, a newspaper of the royalist party.

In 1908, he went to Myanmar to set up the Yangon branch of the alliance. In March, Wang Jingwei met Chen Bijun, the daughter of Chen gengji, a wealthy overseas Chinese, in Penang, Malaya. Later, he took part in the work of setting up the Nanyang branch of the alliance in Singapore, and raised funds for the revolution.

In October 1909, he went from Nanyang to Japan and became editor in chief of Min Bao. Min Bao No. 25-26 was published in secret.

In January 1910, he arrived in Beijing with Huang Fusheng and others to set up a photo studio in ShouZhen. He secretly planned to assassinate Regent zaifeng. After that, he was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment. In prison, he was determined to serve the country with his death and wrote a poem "lead the sword to be quick and live up to the youth's head", which was passed down for a while. Later, he was softened by Prince Su Shanqi and his artistic conception changed. After the Wuchang Uprising, Yuan Shikai was released from prison and served as the counsellor of Wu Tingfang, the general representative of the southern people's army. He secretly adhered to Yuan's intention and organized state Freemasons with Yang Du, a member of the constitutional monarchy party, to advocate the joint support of the revolutionary and constitutional parties for yuan and realize the unification of the north and the south. In December, he and Li Shizeng set up the Beijing Tianjin insurance branch of the alliance in Tianjin as the head of the branch to prevent the northern revolutionaries from launching an uprising.

Revolutionary career

After the Wuchang Uprising in October 1911, Wang got out of prison and met Yuan Shikai. He and Yang Du organized "Freemasons of state" and called for a truce and peace talks. In December, he acted as the counsellor of the southern peace talks, participated in the north south peace talks, advocated Sun Yat Sen to cede power, and elected Yuan Shikai as the interim president. Yuan Shikai studied in France during his reign.

On the eve of the establishment of the Nanjing Provisional Government in January 1912, the inaugural declaration of the provisional presidential palace was drafted according to sun's instructions. Later, he stayed at sun's side to work, urged sun to give way to yuan, and took part in the delegation to welcome yuan. Wang Jingwei proposed "six no principles" of "no official, no Councillor, no whoring, no gambling, no concubine, no opium". After the wedding ceremony, Chen Bijun went to France to study with him in August, and returned to China several times in the middle, all of which were beyond politics. After the beginning of the second revolution in 1913, Sun Yat Sen called him back to China. He died in France after the failure of the revolution.

In 1914, Sun Yat Sen founded the Chinese revolutionary party in Japan, thus Sun Yat Sen broke up with Huang Xing. This incident is not only tragic, but also of turning point significance. Unfortunately, Wang Jingwei didn't realize it.

In December 1915, after becoming emperor, Yuan Shikai returned to China to participate in the "three revolutions". In 1915, the first volume of the sea of novels published an article signed by Wang Jingwei and named Ji Xin, with the title of new review of a dream of Red Mansions. In this article, Wang Jingwei proposed that the theme of a dream of Red Mansions is "family influence". Before that, people read a dream of Red Mansions mostly with what Mr. Wang Guowei called "textual research eye", focusing on the textual research of the characters in the novel. Few people interpret it from the perspective of "family revolution". The emergence of this article can be said to be a footstep in the air. From then on, there is a "family influence theory" in the interpretation of a dream of Red Mansions in Redology.

After returning to China in 1917, he took part in the movement of protecting the law. In 1919, under the leadership of Sun Yat Sen, he founded the magazine "construction" in Shanghai.

In 1921, he served as the higher adviser of the Guangdong revolutionary government and the president of the Education Association. The next year, he served as a counsellor of the Kuomintang headquarters and participated in the reorganization of the Kuomintang. From 1922 to 1923, Sun Yat Sen planned to reorganize the Chinese Kuomintang, and Wang Jingwei opposed the Communist Party members joining the Kuomintang.

At the first National Congress of the Kuomintang in January 1924, sun was appointed as one of the members of the presidium of the Congress, elected as the executive member of the Central Committee, and later served as the Minister of propaganda of the Central Committee. In November, he went to Beijing with sun Bei as a secretary.

In March 1925, when sun was critically ill, he was ordered to record sun's will. After his death, sun appeared as a "leftist" who supported the three major policies and a believer of sun. On June 26, Wang Jingwei held a political conference of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang. At the meeting, it was determined that the title of the Kuomintang prime minister would always be left to Sun Yat Sen. in the future, the Kuomintang would adopt the committee system of collective leadership. The meeting also decided to abolish the administrative organ of the Grand Marshal's office before Sun Yat Sen died and change the name of the highest administrative organ of the Kuomintang to the national government.

Fighting with Jiang

On July 1, 1925, the national government was formally established. Wang Jingwei served as chairman of the Standing Committee of the national government, chairman of the Military Commission, Minister of propaganda, etc. On July 2, Wang Jingwei solemnly announced at the ceremony to celebrate the founding of the national government attended by 100000 soldiers and civilians in Guangzhou: "the primary task of the national government is to command the Northern Expedition and unify China.". In January 1926, he was elected to the Standing Committee of the central executive committee at the second National Congress of the Kuomintang. After the Zhongshan incident, he was forced to resign and leave France. Wang Jingwei left France in late February 1927 and returned by train through the Soviet Union. When Wang Jingwei passed through Moscow, Stalin took over the train

Chinese PinYin : Wang Jing Wei