Shen Honglie

Shen Honglie

Shen Honglie (1882-1969), the word Chengzhang. Hubei Tianmen people. At the age of 18, he entered the Japanese Naval Academy and returned to China in 1911. He became the confidant of Zhang zuolin and Zhang Xueliang and the actual founder of the Northeast Navy. Shen Honglie has always been dissatisfied with Chiang Kai Shek and accused him of bringing disaster to the country and the people. But such a man without Chiang Kai Shek in his heart became Chiang Kai Shek's powerful tool and became chairman of Shandong Province of the national government.

Profile

Shen Honglie (1882-1969), a native of Tianmen, Hubei Province. He was diligent and studious when he was young. He was a scholar when he was 18 years old. In 1905, he went to Fusang to study in Japanese Naval School. In the summer of 1911, he returned to China and joined the navy of the national government. He started as an alternate member of the Navy's "Chu Guan" warship, and successively served as a member of the Navy Bureau of the general staff of the national government, a staff officer and chief of staff of the Heiji River Defense Fleet. Later, he participated in the establishment of the Northeast Navy, and served as the deputy commander in chief and acting commander in chief of the Northeast Navy. He is an educated general in the Northeast Army.

Life of the characters

Shen Honglie was diligent and studious when he was a child. In 1900, Shen Honglie was a scholar in the Imperial College, so he taught in the Imperial College. In 1904, he entered the military preparation school and joined the Hubei new army. In the spring of 1905, he went to the Japanese Naval School to study at public expense and joined the Chinese Alliance in the same year. After graduating in the summer of 1911, he returned to China and joined the navy of the Qing Dynasty. He started as an alternate member of the "Chu Guan" warship of the Navy, and successively served as a member of the naval Bureau of the general staff of the national government of the military advisory office of the Qing government. In October 1911, he took part in the revolution of 1911. He served as the commander of the Navy and a consolation envoy, and participated in instigating the naval uprising of the Qing Dynasty in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In 1912, he served as the staff officer of the military aircraft Department of the Navy Department of the Nanjing Provisional Government of the Republic of China. In 1913, he was transferred to the post of Captain and section chief of the naval Bureau of the Beijing General Staff Headquarters. In March 1916, he was appointed as a naval attache of the observation group to Europe and joined the battle against Germany with the British fleet. Later, he visited the United States. In October 1918, he returned to China and concurrently served as the naval instructor of the Army University. In October 1920, he was transferred to the chief of staff of Jihei River Defense Fleet and later the chief of staff. In August 1922, he was transferred to Zhang zuolin's office as the director of aviation police. In July 1923, he was promoted to commander in chief of Jiangfang fleet. In 1925, he became the chairman of the northeast United navigation bureau. In November 1926, he was ordered to lead the Jiangfang fleet to Qingdao, and joined with the Bohai fleet to form the Northeast Bohai fleet. He was appointed deputy commander of the fleet. In July 1927, he served as commander of the first fleet of the Navy. In November, he was promoted to deputy commander in chief and acting commander in chief of the Navy. He is an educated general in the Northeast Army. In September 1930, Chiang Kai Shek organized the Northeast Navy into the third fleet of the navy of the Republic of China, and Shen Honglie was appointed commander of the third fleet.

Laoshan incident

background

Due to historical reasons, after Zhang Xueliang "changed the banner of Northeast China" in 1928, the Northeast navy was not unified to the central naval headquarters, so the military expenditure of the Northeast navy was always listed in the local financial revenue of the northeast. After the September 18th Incident, the Northeast fell into the enemy's hands. Although the Northeast Navy withdrew to Qingdao and other places safely, it lost its financial resources, encountered great difficulties in military expenditure, and the morale of officers and soldiers was shaken. At that time, Ling Xiao, the captain of the first Coast Defense Fleet, as the representative of the Northeast Navy senior general, had repeatedly proposed to Shen Honglie to seize the administrative power of Qingdao in order to develop the land forces of the Navy and solve the problem of military expenditure sources. This proposal won the approval of the Northeast Navy General. Shen Honglie is trying to use the influence of Lingxiao and other Northeast Navy generals in Japan to force the national government to agree to appoint him as mayor of Qingdao, so he agrees with this proposal from the heart. However, he refused Ling Xiao's proposal on the ground that soldiers should not interfere in politics. His purpose was to force the generals of the Japanese system to make trouble, so as to make the central government agree to appoint him mayor of Qingdao, and to exclude other generals of the Japanese system from taking over the power of the Northeast Navy. Seeing that Shen Honglie refused their proposal, Ling Xiao and others decided to take advantage of Shen Honglie's coming to Laoshan to lecture the Navy officers and soldiers, detain him, force Shen Honglie to agree with their proposal, and seize Shen's military power. At the beginning of December 1931, Shen Honglie came to Laoshan to guide the fleet training. Ling Xiao and others took the opportunity to put him under house arrest in Taiqing palace, and forced him to send a power to Zhang Xueliang, claiming illness and resigning. Lingxiao and others' actions have aroused dissatisfaction among officers of the internal Aviation Police Department of the Northeast Navy (formerly the Northeast Aviation Police School). They think that Shen Honglie and Lingxiao are both students studying in Japan, and they have jointly established the Northeast Navy. They should discuss and solve problems together, and it is immoral to detain and force them to hand over power. Therefore, the officers at the middle and lower levels of the aviation police department headed by Guan Jizhou, vice captain of the first division of the navy of the Haiqi warship, formed a Death Squadron, landed in the Taiqing palace, solved the problem of the soldiers on guard, and rescued Shen Honglie. Shen Honglie then dismissed Ling Xiao and others, who were the masterminds of the incident, and sent them back to their places of origin, thus eliminating dissidents and monopolizing the power of the Northeast Navy. This is the famous Laoshan incident.

influence

The Laoshan incident not only made Shen Honglie monopolize the power of the Northeast Navy, but also forced Hu Ruoyu, then mayor of Qingdao, to resign. Zhang Xueliang appointed Shen Honglie as the acting mayor of Qingdao in order to stabilize the morale of the Northeast Navy and solve the problem of military expenditure. The "Laoshan incident" also made Chiang Kai Shek realize that the Northeast Navy is still an important military force. In order to stabilize the situation in Qingdao and use the Northeast navy to check and balance the power of local warlord and Shandong Provincial president Han Fugui, Chiang Kai Shek decided to appoint Shen Honglie mayor of Qingdao. In January 1932, the Nanjing National Government officially issued the order of taking office.

Life in old age

In 1949, he went to Taiwan as a "strategic adviser to the presidential palace". Because he had no real job, he went to Taiwan and wrote books. In his later years, he wrote the following works: reading history and answering records, European war and sea power, northeast border defense and navigation power, the beginning and end of recovering northeast navigation power, Qingdao Municipal Administration, Shandong party, government and army during the Anti Japanese War, agricultural construction during the Anti Japanese War, national mobilization during the Anti Japanese War, two years of Zhejiang Administration, passing summer, slight waves in the administration of the sea, and a dream of 50 years And so on. From these bibliographies combined with Shen's history, this is Shen Honglie's subjective summary of his life before his death. At 18:40 on March 12, 1969, he died of heart failure at Taichung provincial hospital at the age of 88.

Biography of characters

Post

In early December 1931, Shen Honglie was ordered to lead the fleet to Qingdao and took over the post of mayor of Qingdao on the 16th. On December 16, 1931, Shen Honglie, then 45, was appointed acting mayor of Qingdao by Nanjing government. After the swearing in, Shen Honglie immediately announced ten policy programs: first, to rectify the administration of officials and improve the internal affairs; second, to strengthen self-government and enrich the people's strength; third, to ban bad habits and improve customs; fourth, to build villages and benefit the poor; fifth, to popularize education for practical use; sixth, to promote national goods and give preferential treatment to workers; seventh, to develop regional affairs and prosper the market; Eighth, to rectify the army and police and consolidate public security; Ninth, to strengthen the public security 10. Strive to build and import civilization.

Achievements

Shen Honglie was in power in Qingdao for six years. From 1932 to 1935, he focused on education, school construction and planning, set up public education centers, staff tutorial schools and women's tutorial schools, and increased the necessary education funds every year. Focusing on the municipal construction, we built Dagang No.3 wharf, Qingdao dock, Qingdao stadium and Qingdao auditorium; expanded and built Qingdao trestle, Xuejiadao wharf, Sichuan Road naval trestle and Xiaogang No.2 wharf; widened the road of Laoshan, added the ladder and stone steps of Laoshan Lipan mountain; renovated the main traffic roads in the city. In addition, the west square, Mahu residence and dirty ditch were renovated, and "relief homes", "art learning centers" and "reformatory schools" were set up. During his term of office, Shen Honglie also faithfully carried out the anti Communist and pro Japanese policy of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang, repeatedly destroyed the CPC organization, arrested Communists, and suppressed workers' strikes and student movements. Therefore, the national government of Nanjing awarded Qingdao the title of "national model city". From 1936 to 1937, Shen Honglie was in a dilemma because of Japanese imperialism's desire to occupy Qingdao again and the "Xi'an Incident". In June 1937, a security office was set up in Qingdao. Shen Honglie was also the director. After the July 7th incident, the situation in Qingdao was tense. Shortly after the "8.14 Texian road incident", factories of Japanese businessmen were closed one after another, and more than 20000 Japanese returned home one after another. On October 1, Chiang Kai Shek appointed Shen Honglie as commander in chief of the Qingdao army and navy. On December 4, Chiang Kai Shek cabled Shen Honglie to carry out the policy of "scorched earth Anti Japanese War" and wait for an opportunity to leave Qingdao. On December 18, Chiang Kai Shek sent another telegram to Shen Honglie to blow up the Japanese yarn mill and its important enterprises. On December 25, the Japanese consul general in Qingdao led his staff to return home. On December 26, the Japanese Navy sealed off the sea of Qingdao. At 24:00 on December 28, Shen ordered to blow up more than 20 Japanese factories. At dawn on December 31, Shen Honglie led the team to leave Qingdao. Shen Honglie attaches importance to the celebrity effect in the tourism development of Laoshan mountain. He stipulated that all academic organizations from all over the country who meet in Qingdao will be invited by the government to visit Laoshan. Jian Xianai, a famous writer, came to Qingdao to attend the annual meeting of the Chinese Library Association and was deeply impressed by the Laoshan tourism organized by the government. Shen Honglie also invited national politicians and celebrities to visit Laoshan. Famous scholars such as Yang Zhensheng, Liang Shiqiu and Shen Congwen came to Lao several times. Ye gongchuo, a famous calligrapher who was once Minister of transportation of Nanjing National Government, member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference after liberation, and vice president of Beijing Chinese Painting Academy, should be invited to visit Laoshan and inscribe "Chaoyin waterfall" for the fish scale waterfall

Chinese PinYin : Shen Hong Lie