Huizong of Song Dynasty
Zhao Ji
Zhao Ji, Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty
(June 7, 1082 - June 4, 1135), No
Xuanhe master
He was the eighth emperor of the Song Dynasty (from February 23, 1100 to January 18, 1126). The 11th son of song Shenzong and the younger brother of song zhezong. He was named king of Suining and king of Duan. In the first month of the third year of Yuanfu (1100), zhe Zong died of illness without a son. The Empress Dowager Xiang established Zhao Ji as emperor in the same month, and changed his name to "Jianzhong Jingguo" the next year.
After Song Huizong ascended the throne, the new law was put into use, but Cai Jing, who was the most important member of song Huizong, did all kinds of evil under the banner of introducing the new law, and the political situation plummeted. He excessively pursued luxury life, purchased "huashigang" in the South and built "Genyue" in Bianjing. Huizong of the Song Dynasty believed in Taoism and built temples. He called himself "the Lord of Taoism, the emperor", and often asked Taoists to count. In the first year of Chonghe (1118), there were 26 grades of Daoguan and 8 grades of Daozhi. In the third year of Xuanhe (1121), the three capitals were ordered to set up one female Daolu and one deputy Daolu, respectively. Under the decadent rule of the Huizong group of the Song Dynasty, the internal peasant uprising was surging, the Liangshan uprising and the fangla uprising broke out one after another, and the rule of the Northern Song Dynasty was in danger. But Huizong of Song Dynasty had a high artistic attainments. Song Huizong's love for painting was very sincere. He used the imperial power to promote painting, which made the painting art of Song Dynasty have an unprecedented development. He also created a calligraphy font, which was called "thin gold style" by later generations. He loved painting flowers and birds, and became "courtyard style". He is a rare artistic emperor in ancient times.
In the first year of Jingkang (1126), the Jin army came down to the city and, according to Li Gang, abdicated to the crown prince Zhao Huan. In March of the second year of Jingkang (1127), they were abducted by the Jin people. In 1135, he died in wuguocheng at the age of 54. In March of the 12th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1142), the coffin was welcomed back to the Southern Song Dynasty and buried in Yongyou mausoleum in Shaoxing.
The general picture is the portrait axis of Huizong of Song Dynasty, which is now stored in the Palace Museum of Taipei.
Life of the characters
Early experience
Zhao Ji was born on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082). In the first month of the next year, Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty officially granted the name. In October, Zhao Ji was granted the title of Jiedushi of Zhenning army and the title of Duke of Ningguo. Since childhood, he has gradually developed a frivolous and dissolute character. It is said that before he was born, his father Shenzong went to the Secretary province to watch the collected portrait of Li Yu, the empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty, "he was surprised to see his elegant figure again and again", and then he gave birth to Huizong, "when I was born, I had a dream that Master Li would come to visit me, so I was elegant and had a hundred times higher literary talent than Master Li.". The legend of Li Yu's supporting life is not enough to be believed, but there is a shadow of Li Yu in Zhao Ji. Huizong was fond of brush and ink, Danqing, horse riding, archery and Cuju since he was a child. He had a strong interest in strange flowers and stones, birds and animals, especially in calligraphy and painting. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), after zhe Zong ascended the throne, Zhao Ji was granted the title of king of Suining. In the third year of Shaosheng (1096), he was granted the title of Duanwang as the Jiedushi of Pingjiang and Zhenjiang armies, and began to go out of the cabinet to receive education. Shaosheng five years (1098), Jiafeng as Sikong, changed to Zhaode, Zhangxin military Festival.
In the first month of the third year of Yuanfu (1100), song zhezong, who was only 25 years old, died. The prime minister Zhang Dun advocated that in accordance with the rites and laws, he should establish zhezong like his mother's brother, Jianwang Zhao, otherwise he should establish his eldest brother, Shenwang Zhao. But the Empress Dowager Xiang (the empress of Shenzong) said that she had no son and all the sons of Shenzong were common sons. After excluding Zhao Yu, who suffered from eye diseases, she advocated the establishment of Zhao Ji, the second younger brother of zhe Zong. Zhang Dun pointed out that Zhao Ji was "frivolous and could not rule the world", and refuted the opposition in Shenzong language of Song Dynasty: "the former Emperor said that King Jian had good fortune and longevity, benevolence and filial piety, and should be established." However, with the support of Zeng Bu, Cai Bian and General Xu, the Empress Dowager established Zhao Ji as emperor. In the second year of his accession to the throne, Zhao Ji passed away to the Empress Dowager and changed his name to "Jianzhong Yasukuni.". This is the beginning of Zhao Ji's ruling regime, which lasted for 25 years.
Decadent rule
After Huizong ascended the throne, he gave the Empress Dowager "the same power to punish military and state affairs.". The Empress Dowager was a conservative when she was in Shenzong. When she was in power, she immediately appointed the conservative and Han Qi's eldest son Han Zhongyan to be in power. Soon she was promoted to the right prime minister. The left Prime Minister Zhang Dun and the ruling Cai Bian were attacked one after another. CAI Bian was first demoted to the magistrate. At the same time, the demoted conservative officials were restored, and then the conservative officials came to power one after another. In July of that year, shortly after returning to the empress dowager, Zhang Dun, the left prime minister who opposed the establishment of Huizong as emperor, was dismissed. Han Zhongyan was promoted to the left prime minister and Zeng Bu to the right prime minister. At that time, the struggle between the Conservatives and the reformers became more and more intense. Some officials thought that both Yuanyou and Shaosheng had made mistakes, and they should eliminate prejudice and reconcile contradictions. So the next year was changed to the Yasukuni in Jianzhong, to show that "the government is based on the principle of neutralization" and "to show my will and to appease the people forever". But the old and new party struggle has not stopped, but intensified. In November of the first year of Jingguo in Jianzhong (1101), Deng Xunwu initiated Huizong's theory of Shenzong. He attacked Han Zhongyan, the left prime minister, and recommended Cai Jing as prime minister. With the support of Wen Yi, Huizong adopted it. At the end of the same month, he first decided to change next year to the first year of Chongning, and explicitly declared that he would give up the policy of reconciliation and change to Chongfa Xining reform.
Cai Jing was a political speculator. Wang Anshi supported the reform during the political reform. At the beginning of yuan you, he was in favor of Sima Guang to overthrow the new law. At the beginning of Shaosheng, he was in favor of the new law. Soon after Huizong ascended the throne, he was attacked by the conservatives and was promoted to live in Hangzhou (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). He made friends with Tongguan, a eunuch who went to Hangzhou to collect calligraphy and paintings Deng Xunwu and Wen Yi knew that Huizong would reuse Cai Jing. They recommended Cai Jing when they submitted their opinions on the new law. They thought that Huizong had to use Cai Jing if he wanted to continue his ambition. In May of the first year of Chongning (1102), Han Zhongyan, the left prime minister, was first demoted as a magistrate, and Cai Jing was promoted to power. Later, Zeng Bu, the right prime minister, was demoted to Zhizhou. Cai Jing was promoted to the right prime minister, and soon became the left prime minister. He was the only prime minister for three years. After that, although he twice dismissed the prime minister, he returned to the prime minister or took control of the government by Taishi, ranking above the prime minister (Huizong changed zuopushe to taizai as prime minister, and youpushe to shaozai as the second prime minister). In the last years of Huizong, Cai Jing, who had been an official for many years, also led the three provinces to control the government affairs. In Huizong period, Cai Jing and his party members were always in the world. They used the banner of introducing Shenzong reform as a cover to repel dissidents and attack opponents.
Under the banner of introducing the new law, Cai Jing and others committed all kinds of crimes, bribed the public, sold officials and officials, "three thousand Suo (Suo" means the same as Guan), Zhimi Pavilion; five hundred Suo, Xuantong ". They set up their own names, increased taxes and taxes, and plundered people's wealth. Another example is the Levy of the so-called "making money by the economy", which means "taking money from the quantity of wine and increasing tax by one cent, and collecting money from the chief executive and the sales contract in detail, but accumulating a lot of money.". He has accumulated a lot of wealth through exorbitant taxes and levies. "Today's spring money has won 50 million yuan," "so he has cast nine tripods, built Ming Tang, built Fangze, and established Taoist temple." he has not only built a slightly smaller Yanfu palace and a larger Genyue in the north of the palace city, but also took the opportunity to overhaul their luxurious houses by using the plundered wealth. In order to prevent other officials from discussing, the imperial edict was not drafted by Zhongshu Province, reviewed by other provinces, and issued after the performance. Instead, the imperial edict was issued after huizongqin wrote, which was called "imperial hand edict", and even asked eunuch Yang Qiu to write on behalf of them, which was called "Shu Yang", so as to achieve their purpose of arbitrary misconduct.
In the early years of Emperor Huizong, eunuch Yang Jian first set up "paddy field affairs", and began to legislate in Ruzhou (now belongs to Henan). He could collect the land for rice planting, and then search for the land deed from the people until there was no deed to prove. He called the land beyond the original land deed as public land, and the growers, as tenants, had to pay public land money, which was then extended to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Huaihe River Basin. Liangshanluobo, which is filled with hundreds of miles, is the living place of fishermen along the lake in several counties of Jizhou (today's Juye in Shandong) and Yunzhou (today's Dongping). It is also forced to collect taxes according to ships, and tax evaders are punished as bandits. Under the devastation of Li Yan and his party members, the people in the north were also in dire straits, and small-scale uprisings occurred constantly.
The uprising continued
In the first year of Xuanhe (1119), Songjiang uprising took place in Hebei road. In December of the same year, it developed into a peasant uprising army with a certain scale, known as "Hebei opera bandits". The court of the Northern Song Dynasty issued an imperial edict to recruit and surrender. However, Song Jiang was not recruited. In the following year, he went south to Jingdong road and was known as "Jingdong thief". He lived in Qingzhou, Jizhou, Yunzhou and Puzhou (now North of juancheng in Shandong Province). At that time, fangla in the South held an uprising, which developed rapidly. The magistrate of Bozhou (now Anhui Province) and the former ruling Marquis Meng wrote: "only when the (song) river ran across Qi and Wei with 36 people, and tens of thousands of officers and soldiers did not dare to resist, they would pass.". Now Qingxi has been stolen. It is not like pardoning the river, but asking fangla to redeem himself. " After that, Song Jiang moved his army to the south, and Jiang Yuan, the governor of Yizhou (now Linyi, Shandong Province), pretended to agree with the uprising army to attack the uprising army of Song Jiang. After the uprising army suffered great losses, it "went north to guimeng". At the beginning of the third year of Xuanhe (1121), the Song Jiang uprising army went south to the Huaiyang Army (now Pixian south, Jiangsu Province). The imperial court sent officers and soldiers to pursue it. The uprising army continued to go south and entered the Chuzhou (now Huaian) area of Huainan Road, also known as "Huainan bandits". When the uprising army turned north and passed through Shuyang, it was attacked by Wang Shixin, a county commander, and suffered a slight loss. In February, in Haizhou (today's southwest of Lianyungang City), Uncle Zhang "ambushed his troops and captured his deputy thief Jiang Naijiang.".
The largest peasant uprising in the late Northern Song Dynasty was the fangla uprising army. Fang La was the owner of a lacquer Garden (a servant) in the western mountainous area of bangyuan Cave (Tongdong, referring to the valley area) in muzhou (now Jiande northeast of Zhejiang) and Qingxi (now chunanxi). He was often taken by the "making bureau". He made use of the Ming religion（
Chinese PinYin : Song Hui Zong
