Fei Xiaotong

Fei Xiaotong

Fei Xiaotong (1910.11.2-2005.4.24), a native of Wujiang District, Jiangsu Province, is a famous sociologist, anthropologist, ethnologist, social activist, one of the founders of Chinese sociology and anthropology, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the seventh and Eighth National People's Congress, and vice chairman of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference.

He was admitted to Soochow University in 1928 and received a doctorate from the school of economics and politics of University of London in 1938. He joined the League of democracy in 1944. He was elected as a member of the school of economics and politics of University of London in 1982 and won the United Nations Encyclopedia Britannica award in 1988.

Fei Xiaotong was engaged in the study of sociology and Anthropology and wrote millions of words. Under the guidance of his tutor Malinowski, Fei Xiaotong completed his doctoral thesis "Jiangcun economy", which is known as "a milestone in the development of anthropological field investigation and theoretical work", and has become a classic work in the international anthropological field. Fei Xiaotong has conducted field surveys in the Yellow River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta of China, and put forward important development ideas and specific strategies that are not only in line with the local reality, but also of overall significance. At the same time, he began to sum up his academic work all his life, put forward and expounded the major proposition of "cultural consciousness", and published works such as "doing again, doing again", "academic self narration and reflection", "seeking knowledge from facts", etc., which is known as one of the founders of Chinese sociology and anthropology.

Life of the characters

On November 2, 1910 (the second year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty), Fei Xiaotong was born in an intellectual family in Wujiang County, Suzhou. At the age of six, he entered the first primary school in Wujiang County, and then transferred to Zhenhua girls' school. In 1923, he was transferred to the First Affiliated Middle School of Soochow University. Published in 1924. In 1928 (the 17th year of the Republic of China), he graduated from high school and was promoted to Soochow University. He majored in preclinical medicine and wanted to become a doctor. Later, influenced by progressive thought, he transferred to the Department of Sociology of Yanjing University in 1930 and obtained a bachelor's degree. After graduation, he was invited by Mr. Liang Shuming to take part in rural construction in Zouping County, Shandong Province. In 1933 (22 years of the Republic of China), after graduation, he was admitted to the Department of sociology and Anthropology of Tsinghua University. In 1935, he graduated from the Department of sociology and Anthropology of the Graduate School of Tsinghua University and studied under the Russian anthropologist Shi Luguo. He became the first young scholar in China to obtain a master's degree in social anthropology. In 1935, Fei Xiaotong married Wang Tonghui. In the same year, Fei Xiaotong graduated from the Research Institute of Tsinghua University and obtained the qualification of studying abroad at public expense. Before going abroad, he went to Guangxi with Wang Tonghui for field investigation. He lost his way in Yaoshan and was killed. Fei Xiaotong was injured. The next year Fei Xiaotong returned to his hometown for a rest and was ready to go abroad. During this period, I visited Kaixiangong village, Miaogang Township, Wujiang County, and conducted an investigation in the village for more than a month.
In the autumn of 1936 (the 25th year of the Republic of China), Fei Xiaotong arrived in England and completed his doctoral studies under the guidance of Bu Malinowski. According to his investigation results in Wujiang, he wrote his thesis Jiang village economy. The book is known as "a milestone in the development of anthropological field investigation and theoretical work", and has become a classic work of international anthropological circles.
In 1938 (the 27th year of the Republic of China), Fei Xiaotong returned to China from Britain and taught in Yunnan University. He set up a social research office to carry out the investigation.
In 1939, she married Ms. Meng Yin and gave birth to a daughter.
From 1938 to 1946, he was a professor in the Department of Sociology of Yunnan University and presided over the Sociology Research Office jointly organized by Yunnan University and Yanjing University. During this period, he went to the United States to study and visit in 1943. In 1944 (the 33rd year of the Republic of China), Fei Xiaotong joined the China Democratic League and joined the patriotic democratic movement. He was once a professor at Tsinghua University. In 1945 (the 34th year of the Republic of China), he joined the China Democratic League and devoted himself to the Democratic patriotic movement. He visited Britain in November 1946. In 1947 (the 36th year of the Republic of China), he taught at Tsinghua University. In September 1949, he attended the first plenary session of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference. From 1952 to 1957, he was vice president of the Central Institute for Nationalities and member of the Department of philosophy and social sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1955, he went to Guizhou for ethnic identification and participated in the social and historical survey of ethnic minorities. In 1956, he participated in the social and historical survey of ethnic minorities organized by the ethnic Committee of the National People's Congress and went deep into ethnic areas to conduct social and historical surveys. Both Fei Xiaotong and Huang Xianli are the leaders of the investigation team, and they are also members of the National Committee of the National People's Congress. On February 1, 1958, the fifth session of the first session of the National People's Congress made a resolution to "ban Xiaotong, Huang Xianli and Ou Baichuan from their posts as members of the National Committee of the National People's Congress". Fei Xiaotong once said, "to lose intellectuals is to lose the hearts of the people." During the cultural revolution, Wu Wenzao and his wife, pan Guangdan and Fei Xiaotong translated world history and outline of world history in building 2 of the Central Institute for nationalities. This was their last time together. On March 24, 1957, Fei Xiaotong's early spring weather for intellectuals was published in people's daily, which was classified as "right wing". During the anti rightist movement in the same year, Fei Xiaotong was wrongly classified as one of the famous five rightists (Wu Zelin, pan Guangdan, Huang Xianli, Wu Wenzao and Fei Xiaotong) in Anthropology and ethnology. In 1972, he returned to the Central Institute for Nationalities and translated with Wu Wenzao and Xie Bingxin the world history by Hayes and Munn and the outline of world history by wells. in 1979, he was the president of the Chinese society and began to rebuild Chinese sociology. in 1980, he won the Malinowski honorary award of the international society of Applied Anthropology in Denver, USA, and was listed as a member of the society. 1982, Professor, Department of sociology, Peking University. In February 1986, Fei Xiaotong wrote the article "small commodity, big market", which made the image of Wenzhou people cause nationwide attention. In 1994, Fei Xiaotong visited Wenzhou for the second time and again published the book "home based innovation". In 1998, Fei Xiaotong published a paper on Wenzhou three times, building docks and running into the world. Three articles. In 1988, Fei Xiaotong was elected vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress. In the same year, Fei Xiaotong won the Encyclopedia Britannica award. Since then, Fei Xiaotong has successively conducted field surveys in Northwest China, Southwest China, Yellow River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Bohai rim, Central Plains Economic Cooperation Zone, Huaihai Economic Cooperation Zone, Northeast China, and areas along the Beijing Kowloon Railway. On behalf of the Central Committee of the Democratic League, he proposed to the Party Central Committee and the State Council on each area investigated, which is not only in line with the local reality, but also has practical significance Important development ideas and specific suggestions with overall significance provide intellectual support for improving the layout of China's productive forces and forming a coordinated development of the whole country. In the middle and late 1990s, while continuing the field investigation, he began to summarize his academic work and published Fei Xiaotong's collected works (16 volumes). He died in Beijing at 22:38 on April 24, 2005 at the age of 94.

Main achievements

Achievement research

Fei Xiaotong is a famous social activist. During his tenure as the leader of the National People's Congress and the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, he actively participated in the political life of the country and the consultation on the major policies of the party and the state. He closely combined leadership with academic research and social activities, and raised the work of political participation to a new level by carrying out regional development strategy research and carrying out "state is consultation". In his early years, he set up the ideal of "to enrich the people" and pursued it all his life. He made use of every opportunity to get in touch with the reality of social change, and deeply discussed the development of China's township enterprises and small towns, the development of border areas and ethnic minority areas, the relationship between urban and rural areas, and regional development. He published many influential works, which made important contributions to promoting social change, reform and opening up, and economic and social development. He made extensive friends at home and abroad, and made great efforts to promote mutual understanding and exchanges between academic circles and other people on both sides of the Strait. Together with well-known scholars from Hong Kong and Taiwan, he initiated and held eight seminars on "modernization and Chinese culture". Fei Xiaotong is the chief designer of Chinese sociology. Historically, Fei Xiaotong's contribution to Chinese sociology can be divided into three stages. The first stage was before 1949. Most of Fei Xiaotong's classic works on sociology were completed in this period. For example, "Jiangcun economy", "rural China", "imperial power and gentry power" and so on were published in this stage. The second stage is from 1949 to before the reform and opening up. This is a rough period of time for Fei Xiaotong. Although he was in adversity, he still spoke up and put forward "a few words for the society" and "a few words for the society". However, he was finally not allowed to speak. After 1957, Fei Xiaotong was mainly engaged in the study of translation and boundary issues. The third stage is a period of time when Fei Xiaotong rebuilt Chinese sociology after the reform and opening up in 1979. Fei Xiaotong made the overall design for today's Chinese sociology, outlined the blueprint of today's Chinese sociology, and established the empirical style of Chinese sociology. To solve social problems and cure social diseases. In the south of the Yangtze River in China, the scattered small towns have become one of the urbanization modes with Chinese characteristics, which is a great wealth left by Fei Xiaotong. Be in the middle

Chinese PinYin : Fei Xiao Tong