Qian Daxin

Qian Daxin

Qian Daxin (from February 16, 1728 to November 2, 1804), whose name was Xiaozheng, was named Hsin Mei. In his later years, he was a native of wangxianqiao Hedong house in Jiading County, Taicang Prefecture, Jiangsu Province. Qing Dynasty historian, writer, educator, Qian Jia school representative.

In his early years, Qian Daxin was famous for his poems and Fu in the south of the Yangtze River. In 1751, he was selected as the first class by the governor Xuezheng Zhuang Yougong for presenting Fu to Emperor Qianlong. Later, he was awarded the first grade in the examination, and was awarded the cabinet secretary to learn to walk. In March of the 19th year of Qianlong (1754), he became a scholar in the Imperial Academy after the imperial examination. After that, he successively served as editor of Hanlin academy, editor of youchunfang youzanshan, editor of wuyingdian, editor of gongchenguan, editor of zhanshifu shaozhan, and governor of Guangdong academic administration. During the period, he also served as the examiners of the joint examination and the local examiners of Shandong, Hunan, Zhejiang and Henan. In the 40th year of Qianlong (1775), because of his father's death, he was not an official. In the past 30 years, he devoted himself to writing lectures in Zhongshan, Loudong and Ziyang academies. In 1804, he died in Ziyang, Suzhou, at the age of 77.

Qian Daxin is a profound and specialized academic master in China in the 18th century. His aim is to seek truth from facts. His academic scope is extensive and profound. He has made achievements and ideas in the academic fields of history, classics, primary school, arithmetic, collation and epigraphy. There is "shijiazhaiyangxinlu", which is called together with Gu Yanwu's "rizhilu". He wrote a lot in his life, and later published his works as qianyantang series.

Source: biography of scholars in Qing Dynasty, edited by Ye Yanlan and ye gongchuo, and painted by Huang Koizumi

Life of the characters

Study in early years

On February 16, 1728, Qian Daxin was born in wangxianqiao Town, more than 40 miles west of Jiading City, Jiangsu Province. Qian's ancestral home is Changshu. During the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty, Qian Zhe, the seventh ancestor, took the surname of Guan in Jiading and settled here. Both his grandfather Qian wangjiong and his father Qian Guifa were scholars, and they were engaged in teaching. When he was just one year old, his grandfather taught literacy. When he was five years old, he sent him to the village school to study. After ten years old, he went to the school with his grandfather and father, and taught him historical stories and poetry. This played an important role in his early knowledge.

In 1740, Qian Daxin, who was only 13 years old, took part in the boy's test and got the sixth place, which made the county magistrate who was the chief examiner marvel.

In 1742, Qian Daxin, 15 years old, left his hometown for Jiading County to worship Cao Guifang, a student of his grandfather Qian wangjiong. At that time, he passed the boy's test and got a scholar. At this time, Qian Daxin met Wang Mingsheng. In the process of testing Xiucai, his literary talent was appreciated by the examiner Liu Zao. Wang Erda, the father of Wang Mingsheng, a veteran scholar in Jiading County, also appreciates his talent. Because Qian Daxin's family was in a difficult situation, he had to go to the Wang family. This was ridiculed by Wang's relatives and servants. Soon, Gu family of chengdongwu asked him to teach his nephew at Gu's house. In this way, Qian Daxin studies harder. When he was teaching in Wucheng, he read through a large number of historical books, such as Zizhitongjian and 21shi, collected by Gu's family. At the same time, he also paid attention to his works. When reading Li Yanshou's southern history and Northern history, he compiled a volume of southern and Northern history by hand. Years of hard self-study have laid a preliminary professional foundation for his later academic achievements.

In 1749, after the recommendation of Wang Mingsheng and Wang Jun, the then president of Ziyang academy, Qian Daxin was enrolled in Suzhou Ziyang Academy. Ziyang Academy was built in the early Qing Dynasty. In the early years of Yongzheng Dynasty, it was rebuilt by the political envoy ertai. That is to say, it was changed from the study of mind and nature to the study of ancient texts. The style of study changed and became an important position for sinologists. The strong academic atmosphere in the Academy provided a good condition for him to devote himself to classics and history. At the same time, Wang Mingsheng, Wang Chang, Cao Renhu and other classmates questioned each other. Thanks to this, Qian Daxin's knowledge has made great progress.

In May 1750, Qian Daxin, Wang Mingsheng, Cao Renhu and Wang Chang followed Shen Deqian to study. During this period, Shen Deqian selected and published poems by Wang Mingsheng, Wu Tailai, Wang Chang, Huang Yongyuan, Cao Renhu and Qian Daxin as selected poems of the seven sons, which made the seven sons famous all over the Yangtze River.

The rise and fall of Hanyuan

In the spring of 1751, Emperor Qianlong visited the south for the first time. Qian Daxin was called to Jiangning (today's Nanjing) for a second interview because his Fu was in line with Emperor Qianlong's wishes. It was announced that Qian Daxin ranked first and second. For this reason, Emperor Qianlong granted Qian Daxin as the general secretary of the cabinet.

In 1753, Qian Daxin came to Beijing in a bundle of clothes and went to the cabinet to sign the office. From then on, he began his official career and 23 years of residence in Beijing. During this period, Qian Daxin was able to make friends with scholars and celebrities of the same year, his colleagues and his admirers. Xie Yong, Chen Hongbao, Wang youzeng, Jiang Yongzhi, and Chu yinliang, who were also invited to give cabinet letters to Qian Daxin, often met in Xuannan (Yinan area outside Xuanwu Gate in Beijing, commonly known as Xuannan) and held small collections to talk about poetry.

In 1754, Qian Daxin was promoted to be a scholar of Imperial Academy.

In 1756, Qian Daxin participated in the compilation of records of Rehe, which was called "the South Qian and the North Ji" together with Ji Yun.

In 1757, Qian Daxin was appointed editor of the Imperial Academy. During this period, he often discussed with Chu yinliang, Wu Lang, etc. in the same year "nine chapters arithmetic" and the method of Western triangulation. He guozong, the Minister of rites, once worked in qintianjian for a long time. He paid a visit to Qian Daxin with admiration for his exposition of the theory of astrology. He compared Qian Daxin to Jia Kui, an astronomer of the Han Dynasty.

In 1758, Qian Daxin won the second place in the imperial examination (the promotion examination of Qing Hanlin and Zhan Shi), promoted youchunfang youzanshan, and served as the editor of Wuying hall and the editor of Gongchen hall.

Qianlong 24 years (1759), Qian Daxin was ordered to fill shandongxiang examiners.

In 1760, Qian Daxin served as the examiner of the imperial examination, the editor of the library of xuwentongkao, and moved to the Imperial Academy in autumn. In winter, the Department was ordered to talk about daily life.

Qianlong 27 years (1762), Qian Daxin was appointed Hunan Provincial examination official.

Qianlong 28 years (1763), Qian Daxin won the third place in the exam, was promoted to Shi Shuba, and soon served as the daily notes officer.

In 1765, Qian Daxin was appointed Deputy examiner of Zhejiang provincial examination. In the same year, he was the same examiner.

Gradually tired of officialdom

In 1767, Qian Daxin died of illness due to his wife Wang shunluo. In addition, he was in poor health and couldn't sleep at night, so he asked for leave due to illness. Liu Lun, a bachelor, tried his best to keep him, but Qian Daxin insisted on refusing. In October, the court issued a decree to approve Qian Daxin's return to the south. When he returned to the south, he copied the poems he had made friends with Wang Mingsheng, Cao Renhu, Wang Chang, and presided over the rural examination in Shandong, Hunan and other places. He bought a boat to go south, arrived at home after the winter solstice, and began to write a textual research on 22 histories. After returning home from vacation, Qian Daxin was content to write, travel, and serve his relatives. He began to plan and decorate his residence carefully, which means that he would stay in his hometown.

In the 34th year of Qianlong's reign (1769), his father noticed that Qian Daxin was tired of his official career and urged him to return to Beijing as soon as possible. Qian Daxin can only return to Beijing. At the end of the year, Qian Daxin began to study Shuowen Jiezi.

In May 1770, Qian Daxin compiled ten volumes of his poems.

In 1771, Qian Daxin served as the editor of the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty.

In the 37th year of Qianlong (1772), Qian Daxin studied as a bachelor in the Imperial Academy, served as a grinding and prospecting officer in the imperial examination, a deacon in the imperial examination, and then a compiler in the three links hall.

In 1773, Qian Daxin went to Zhishang study to teach Yongling calligraphy. In November, the government promoted Zhan Shi and the government reduced Zhan Shi.

Qianlong 39 years (1774), Qian Daxin was appointed as Henan provincial examination examiner, and then took office in Guangdong academic politics.

Resigning from office to give lectures

Qianlong forty years (1775) in May, Qian Daxin because of his father's funeral home, lead disease not official.

In 1778, Qian Daxin went to Zhongshan academy to teach at the invitation of Gao Jin, governor of Liangjiang, to improve his life.

In the 47th year of Qianlong's reign (1782), the twenty-two history textual research was officially completed. In the following ten years, Qian Daxin's works have sprung up in large numbers, which is another climax after the "22 histories".

In 1784, Qian Daxin compiled a chronicle of Mr. Qian Xinmei and supplemented two volumes of the later records of Jinshi.

In 1785, Qian Daxin took charge of Loudong Academy at the request of governor Zhang pangui.

In 1786, Qian Daxin wrote one volume of Wang Shizhen's Chronicle and two volumes of Tong Jian Zhu Zheng.

In 1787, Qian Daxin applied for the revision of 30 volumes of Yinxian annals, and compiled the dialectics of Yinxian annals, two volumes of Tianyige steles and four volumes of Yinxian annals.

In 1788, Qian Daxin applied for the post of president of Ziyang Academy. At that time, no less than 2000 people were educated by Qian Daxin. They were all practical and practical scholars, such as Shao Jinhan and Li Wenzao, who saved time before the examination, and Li Wenzao, who was a student of the Academy

Chinese PinYin : Qian Da Xin