Hua Tuo
Hua Tuo (about A.D. 145-a.d. 208) was a famous physician in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He was born in Qiaoxian County of Pei state (now Bozhou, Anhui Province).
Hua Tuo, together with Dong Feng and Zhang Zhongjing, is known as the "three great doctors of Jian'an". When he was young, he studied abroad and practiced medicine in Anhui, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and other places. He studied medicine without seeking official career. He has comprehensive medical skills, especially good at surgery. And proficient in internal medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, acupuncture and other subjects. In his later years, he was suspected by Cao Cao and sentenced to death.
Hua Tuo is known as "the master of surgery" and "the originator of surgery". He was often called Hua Tuo by later generations as a doctor with outstanding medical skills.
Life of the characters
Early experience
Hua Tuo, a Chinese character, was born in Pei Guoqiao (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province). According to textual research, he was born in the first year of Yongjia (AD 145) and died in the 13th year of Jian'an (AD 208). Famous medical scientist. When he was young, he traveled abroad to study medicine instead of seeking official career. He practiced medicine in Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu and other places. Hua Tuo practiced medicine all his life. He had a good reputation and made many achievements in medicine. He is proficient in internal medicine, external medicine, gynecology, pediatrics and acupuncture, especially in external medicine. Later, he was killed because he didn't accept Cao Cao's call, and his medical books were lost. Today, Bozhou City has "Huatuo nunnery" and other relics.
Medical practice
In his many years of medical practice, Hua Tuo was very good at distinguishing different diseases and visceral diseases and treating them according to their symptoms. One day, there were two military officials with the same symptoms of fever and headache. However, Hua Tuo's prescription was quite different. One was sweating medicine, and the other was diarrhea medicine. They were quite strange, but they recovered after taking the medicine. It turns out that after Hua Tuo's diagnosis, one is known as exterior syndrome, which can be solved by sweating; the other is internal heat syndrome, which is difficult to treat without diarrhea.
Ni Xun, the official of Mr. Hua's government, has a headache and a hot body, so he comes down with it. To treat Li Yan's headache and body heat, it's necessary to sweat, which is based on internal excess. It's also the secret of avoiding exterior and interior. According to the internal principle, the damp fire rushes upward, just like the depression of the earth Qi, waiting to disperse. In fact, the outside remains in the dirt, just like the idle water in the mountains, waiting to go down. It suffers from headache, body heat is the same, and the treatment method is different, although the secret of the immortal, the real way of heaven and earth. I have tried many times, and the results have been effective.
Another governor, Youdun, felt that he had recovered from his illness after seeing a doctor. However, Hua Tuo's pulse cutting admonished: "although you have recovered from your illness, you still have strength. You should keep quiet until you are fully recovered. You should avoid sexual intercourse. Otherwise, you will be worried about your life." At that time, his wife came to see him from a hundred miles away when she heard that he had recovered. That night, dun failed to abstain from sexual intercourse, and died three days later. Another patient, Xu, was bedridden because of illness. Hua Tuo went to visit him. Xu said: "since yesterday when he asked the doctor to acupuncture the gastric tube, he coughed and couldn't lie down because he was upset." After diagnosis, Hua Tuo said, "it's a mistake. The needle didn't reach the stomach tube. It hit the liver by mistake. If you eat less and less in the future, you'll be afraid of something unexpected in five days." The consequences are as they say.
Hua Tuo once treated Chen Deng, the governor of Guangling. At that time, Chen Deng was red and irritable. One of his subordinates said that Hua Tuo was in this place. Later, he ordered people to ask Hua Tuo to treat him. Hua Tuo first asked him to prepare more than ten washbasins, and then treated him. As a result, Chen Teng vomited dozens of red headed insects and prescribed medicine for him. He said that Chen Deng had taken fish to get the disease and told him about it Three years later, Chen Teng would relapse. When he asked him for this medicine, the disease would be cured. Before leaving, he told Hua Tuo's address. Chen Teng was 36 years old. As a result, Chen Teng relapsed three years later and sent someone to look for it according to the address. However, Hua Tuo's medicine boy told Chen Teng's emissary that Hua Tuo had not come back yet, and he didn't know when he would come back He died. (see the biography of Chen dengzhuan in the annals of the Three Kingdoms)
When Zhou Tai was seriously injured, Hua Tuo cured him, so when someone recommended him to Cao Cao later, he said, "is Jiangdong treating Zhou Tai?"
When jaundice spread widely, Hua Tuo spent three years on the efficacy of Artemisia capillaris, and decided to use the tender leaves of Artemisia capillaris in spring and March to treat many patients. Therefore, there is a folk song: "March wormwood, April wormwood, passed down in later generations, remember, March wormwood can cure disease, may and June when firewood.". Hua Tuo also used warm soup and hot compress to treat scorpion stinging pain, refined ointment with green moss to treat swelling and pain after wasp stinging; used garlic and vinegar to treat insect disease; used perilla to treat fish and crab poisoning; used Baiqian to treat cough; and used Huangjing to tonify deficiency. Such and so on, both simple and easy, but also effective.
Government officials Ni Xun and Li Yan came to see a doctor at the same time. They all had a headache and fever, and the symptoms were exactly the same. But Hua Tuo said, "Ni Xun should bring down the pathogenic factors, and Li Yan should sweat away the disease." Questions have been raised about these two different treatments. Hua Tuo replied: "Ni Xun is an external disease, Li Yan is an internal disease, so different methods should be used to treat them." Finish saying, give two people to take medicine respectively immediately, wait for the next morning two people get better together.
Died in Xuchang
Hua Tuo often felt remorse for his medical career (in feudal society of China, medical students belonged to "Fangji" and were regarded as "cheap profession"). Later, Cao Cao personally dealt with the affairs of the state. He was very ill and asked Hua Tuo to treat him. "It's very difficult to cure the disease in the short term, and even long-term treatment can only prolong life," Hua said Hua Tuo wanted to go back because he had been away from home for a long time, so he said, "I have received a letter from my family. I will go back for a while. "When I got home, I said that my wife was ill and asked for an extension of the holiday many times. After that, Cao Cao wrote to Hua Tuo to come back again and again, and issued an imperial edict to send him away. Hua Tuo was talented and hated being forced to eat, but he was still not on the road. Cao Cao was very angry, so he sent someone to check it; if his wife was really ill, he gave Xiaodou 4000 liters to relax the holiday period; if he cheated, he arrested and escorted him. As a result, Hua Tuo lied, so he sent Hua Tuo to Xuchang prison with a hearsay. After the trial, Hua Tuo confessed and pleaded guilty (Han Law: 1. Xun Yu pleaded with Cao Cao and said, "Hua Tuo's medical skill is really brilliant, which is related to people's life. We should forgive him." Cao Cao said: "don't worry, is there no such incompetent rat in the world?" Finally Hua Tuo was tortured to death in prison. Before he died, Hua Tuo took out a medical book and gave it to the jailer, saying, "this book can be used to save the living." The warders were afraid of breaking the law and didn't accept it. Hua Tuo had to endure the pain and ask for a fire to burn the book.
Medical contribution
Medical achievements
After decades of medical practice, Hua Tuo skillfully mastered the treatment methods of health preservation, prescription, acupuncture and surgery. He was proficient in internal medicine, external medicine, gynecology and pediatrics. He was known as the "miracle doctor" for his accurate diagnosis, simple method and rapid curative effect. In this regard, there is a similar comment in the annals of the Three Kingdoms and the book of the later Han Dynasty, saying that he was good at health preservation ("he knew the art of nourishing nature, when people thought he was a hundred years old, he had a strong appearance"), he used the medicine properly ("he also refined the prescription, which could cure diseases with only a few kinds of soup, he used the heart resolving agent, no longer weighed, boiled and then drank, and then said his saving degree, and gave up frequently healing"), and acupuncture was simple ("if it was a needle, There are only one or two places where the needle is put down and the patient says, "it's time to draw a promise. If it arrives, it's time to talk to someone." the patient says, "it's time to pull out the needle, and the disease is also bad." the operation is magical ("incising the abdomen and back, cutting and accumulating", "intestines breaking and dripping washing"). There are 16 medical records in the annals of the Three Kingdoms, five in the biography of Hua Tuo and five in other documents, totally 26 medical records, which are more in the pre Qin and Han Dynasties. In terms of the scope of treatment, internal diseases include febrile diseases, visceral diseases, psychosis, obesity and parasitic diseases. Diseases belonging to external diseases, infantile diseases and gynecological diseases include trauma, intestinal carbuncle, tumor, fracture, needle error, breast avoidance, stillbirth, infantile diarrhea and so on. He invented Mabei powder, which set a precedent for narcotic drugs in the world. The records of general anesthesia surgery in Europe and America began in the early 18th century, more than 1600 years later than Hua Tuo. The history of world pharmacy points out that the use of anesthetics by Arabs may have been handed down from China, because "Hua Tuo, a famous Chinese doctor, is the best at this technique.". The volume of "Hua Tuo's moxibustion and needling in the pillow" recorded in the book of Sui Jing Ji Zhi has been lost. Hua Tuo's acupuncture and moxibustion classic cited in Yi Xin Fang may be a lost article in this book, and Hua Tuo's Ming Tang cited in Taiping Sheng Hui Fang. The name and location of acupoints in Huatuo acupuncture and moxibustion Jing are quite different from those in Huangdi Mingtang Jing.
Ma Fei San
Hua Tuo first used general anesthesia to perform surgery, and he was honored as the "ancestor of surgery" by later generations. He is not only proficient in prescriptions, but also has admirable attainments in acupuncture and moxibustion. Hua Tuo visited many doctors everywhere and collected some drugs with anesthetic effect. After many times of processing with different formulas, he finally made a successful trial production of the anesthetic. He also prepared the anesthetic and hot wine to make the patient take it and lose consciousness. Then he opened the abdominal cavity, cut off the ulcer, washed away the filth, sutured it with mulberry thread, smeared it with ointment, and recovered in four or five days. Therefore, Hua Tuo named it Ma Fei.
According to the research of Japanese surgeon waoka Qingzhou, the composition of Mabei powder is datura flower one liter, raw Aconitum kusnezoffii, Angelica sinensis, Angelica dahurica, Ligusticum chuanxiong each four money, fried Nanxing one money.
If you need moxibustion, there are only one or two acupoints, and the pain will be eliminated. If the patient accumulates stagnation in the body, the curative effect of acupuncture and medicine can not work. If the patient needs to be cut off, he should drink and take the "Ma Fei San" prepared by him. After a while, the patient will be as drunk as death, unconscious, so he will cut off the affected area and take out the accumulation. If the patient is in the intestines, the diseased part of the intestines will be cut off, the wound and the easily infected part will be cleaned, and then the abdominal knife edge will be sewed and applied with ointment. After four or five days, the disease will be cured and there will be no pain. open
Chinese PinYin : Hua Tuo
Hua Tuo