Pang Renquan

Pang Renquan

Pang Renquan (October 16, 1897 - January 17, 1922), male, from Xiangtan County, Hunan Province, is a member of the Chinese Socialist Youth League. He graduated from the first class Industrial School of Hunan Province.

Pang Renquan is the leader of Hunan labor movement and one of the founders of Hunan labor association. On January 17, 1922, he and Huang AI were killed by Hunan warlords in Changsha. The Secretary of China's labor union called them "the first martyrs of China who died for the proletariat.".

Life of the characters

On October 16, 1897, Pang Renquan was born into a wealthy family in Qingtian Township, Xiangtan County, Hunan Province. He entered a private school at the age of 6 and went to primary school at the age of 7. In 1905, Pang Renquan was admitted to Xiangtan West Road Primary School. In 1906, Pang Renquan was transferred to Xiangtan chushanguan primary school. In 1913, Pang Renquan was admitted to the dyeing and weaving department of Hunan first class industrial school. Under the pseudonym of "Long'an", he published novels, poems and short comments in newspapers and periodicals, criticizing social inequality. In 1917, Pang Renquan graduated and worked as a mechanic in Xiangtan weaving factory. In 1919, during the movement of expelling Zhang, Pang Renquan joined the Xiang army. In June 1920, Pang Renquan retired from the army and went home because he was indignant at the darkness of warlord rule. In September, Pang Renquan met Huang AI in Changsha and decided to jointly organize the labor union. On November 21, the Hunan labor association was established, and Pang Renquan served as director of the publishing department and director of the association. In November 1921, Pang Renquan, together with Huang AI, reorganized the labor union of Hunan Province with anarchism, and served as a member of the Ministry of education of the evaluation committee of the reformed labor union. On December 25, Pang Renquan and Huang AI jointly organized Hunan industrial circles to hold a street parade of the Pacific Conference against imperialism, and served as the General Commander of the conference. At the end of 1921, under the influence and help of Mao Zedong, Pang Renquan joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League. Since then, his original anarchist world outlook has undergone a fundamental change. On January 16, 1922, Pang Renquan was arrested by the military and police when he organized and mobilized the workers of Hunan No.1 Cotton Mill to fight for a raise. In the early hours of January 17, Pang Renquan and Huang AI were killed by Zhao hengti's warlord government outside Liuyang gate, Changsha, at the age of 25. On May 1, 1922, the first national labor conference decided to set January 17 as the memorial day for martyrs Pang Renquan and Huang AI.

Important deeds

After the May 4th movement, in order to organize a trade union that truly belongs to the workers themselves, Pang Renquan and Huang AI adopted anarchist means to establish Hunan labor association with the purpose of "transforming material life and enhancing labor knowledge". On October 18, 1920, the first meeting of the initiators of the labor union was held by borrowing the Hunan popular education guild hall. Pang Renquan and Huang AI were elected as the preparatory directors to be responsible for the preparatory work. With the help of he Shuheng and Lin Boqu, the inaugural meeting was held in Changsha education meeting on November 21. More than 8000 representatives from more than 10 workers' organizations, including machinery, knitting, rattan and bamboo, and civil engineering, attended the meeting and publicly recommended Huang AI as the chairman of the meeting. After the establishment of the Hunan Aiquan society, Pang served as director of the Ministry of education. On November 24, Huang AI and Pang Renquan sent Liu Fang and others to attend the meeting of Changsha's various trade unions to elect governors. They proposed to change the provincial military supervision department into the provincial administrative committee. They also put forward ten suggestions to the provincial constitution Drafting Committee, but they were all rejected by the meeting. The preliminary attempt of Hunan labor union to carry out political struggle failed. due to the failure of the initial attempt of political struggle. As a result, they compiled and published a pamphlet "labor" to publicize the workers' movement, and set up two night schools for workers and women's vocational schools that did not invite celebrities, regardless of who was a teacher or who was a student. They also made up some small plays reflecting real life, and organized female members of the labor union to rehearse and perform. Under the leadership of the labor union, the workers of Hunan No.1 Cotton Mill once launched an activity against the provincial government's leasing the cotton mill to Huashi company. In February 1921, Pang Renquan organized a demonstration among the workers of the cotton mill, protested to Zhao hengti's provincial government and Huashi company, and demanded that the cotton mill be returned to the public. On April 2, Pang Renquan launched a group of workers to organize a review committee, an engineering committee, a business committee and a public affairs committee. On April 13, because the provincial government and Huashi company ignored the demands put forward by the labor union, they angrily organized more than 3000 people from factories and engineering schools to cross the river to the first cotton mill to hold a big demonstration. Zhao hengti heard that sent hundreds of military and police officers to the scene to suppress, Huang AI was arrested. On May 1, Pang Renquan held the first celebration of May 1 International Labor Day in Hunan Province. After 100 days of struggle, Huashi company was forced to conclude a treaty with the labor union. In the winter of 1921, accompanied by Mao Zedong, Malin, the representative of the Communist International, met them in Changsha and introduced the experience of the Russian proletarian revolution and the establishment of trade unions. Soon after, Pang Renquan and Huang AI joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League. On November 21, according to Mao Zedong's suggestion, the labor union was reorganized and a new constitution was formulated. The collegiate system was changed into a committee system, and Pang Renquan was elected a member of the Ministry of education. On December 25, Hunan industry held a street parade against the Pacific Conference. Huang AI served as chairman and Pang Renquan as commander in chief. The labor movement led by them gradually changed from economic struggle to political struggle, which made the Hunan warlords feel more and more uneasy at that time. In January 1922, Pang Renquan and Huang AI were surrounded by a large number of soldiers and police sent by the warlord Zhao hengti's government when they led the workers of Hunan No.1 Cotton Mill in the new year struggle. Unfortunately, they were arrested. On January 17, 1922, he died at the age of 25. the death of martyrs Huang and Pang shocked the labor circle in Hunan and aroused strong reaction among workers across the country. When Mao Zedong learned that Huang AI and Pang Renquan had been killed, he immediately returned to Changsha City from Yang Kaihui's home in Bancang. He held a meeting at Yi Peiji's home, the headmaster of a division, and decided to launch a movement to mourn Huang AI and Pang Renquan, accuse and resist Zhao hengti. Later, he presided over the memorial service for Huang AI and Pang Renquan twice in Chuanshan society, and issued a special commemorative magazine. At the same time, Li Lisan, who is in Anyuan, was sent to Changde to mobilize Huang AI's father to go to Shanghai with him to accuse the society of Zhao hengti's atrocities.

Character evaluation

The Secretary of China's labor union called them "the first martyrs of China who died for the proletariat.". On May 1, 1922, the first National Labor Conference unanimously decided that January 17 every year was the anniversary of Huang and Pang's martyrdom. Zhou Enlai wrote a poem in France, which praises them as "Lu (senberg) and Li (caknessi) of China". Li Dazhao's preface to the story of Huang and Pang's blood points out: "with their blood, Mr. Huang and Pang have written a new era for us."

Chinese PinYin : Pang Ren Quan