Emperor Wen Xuan

Gao Yang

Qi Wenxuan, Emperor Gaoyang

(526 ~ November 25, 559), Zijin, Xianbei, hounigan (hounigan), originally from Qiong County, Bohai prefecture (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province), was born in Jinyang, a jinyangle. The founding emperor of the Northern Qi Dynasty. The second son of Qi Shenwu emperor Gao Huan, Qi Wenxiang emperor Gao Cheng with his mother and brother, Qi Xiaozhao emperor Gao Yan, Qi Wucheng emperor Gao Zhan with his mother and brother, and his mother is Lou Zhaojun.

In the second year of Tianping, Emperor Xiaojing of the Eastern Wei Dynasty (535), he was worshipped as a regular official of Sanqi and a general of Hushi. After that, he successively held a series of important posts, such as Zuopu she and Shangshu Ling, which were highly valued by his elder brother Gao Cheng. In 549, his elder brother Gao Cheng was assassinated and died. Gao Yang took the opportunity to continue to take charge of the government, and was appointed prime minister and king of Qi by the Wei emperor. In the eighth year of Wuding (550), Gao Yang forced emperor Xiaojing of the Eastern Wei Dynasty to abdicate, so he ascended the throne and became emperor. He changed the name of the country to Qi, which is known in history

The Northern Qi Dynasty

. In the early days of Emperor Wen Xuan's reign, Gao Yang made great efforts to govern the country, carried out the reform, encouraged the peasants to develop their schools, and compiled the Qi law. At that time, he used Yang Min and other prime ministers, cut down laws and decrees, reduced redundant officials, strictly prohibited corruption, and paid attention to the elimination of official governance. Before and after the construction of the great wall of the Northern Qi Dynasty, he set up 25 border towns, defeated Rouran, Tujue and Khitan repeatedly, and attacked Xiaoliang to reach Huainan. Four gram expedition, Wei Zhenrong Xia. The Westerners were frightened when they threw the cup, and the North Hu was frightened when they were in negative armour. They had the spirit of Holy Lord, and they were called "the king of Turks" by the Turkic Khan“

Hero son of heaven

”He was the leader of the Northern Qi Dynasty.

However, in the later period of Gao Yang's administration, he was proud of his achievements, indulged in drinking, brutally killed, built large-scale construction projects, and gave excessive rewards and punishments. Finally, he drank too much and died suddenly at the age of 34. Temple name Xianzu, posthumous title Wenxuan emperor. After the main days of the first year of Tong (565 years), change posthumous title jinglie emperor, temple Weizong. In the early years of Wuping (570), it was changed back to the original posthumous title.

Life of the characters

He came to power in his early years

Gao Yang was born in Jinyang in the second year of Xiaochang (526) of the Northern Wei Dynasty. It is said that when his mother Lou Zhaojun was pregnant, red light covered his room every night. Lou Zhaojun felt strange about it. Therefore, after Gao Yang was born, he was named "Hou Ni Yu", which means "you Xiangzi". In his early years, his father Gao Huan joined the Duro Zhou uprising army and became a trusted governor. Later, he defected to zhurong, and incorporated more than six towns to suppress the uprising of Qingzhou refugees. At that time, Gao's family was destitute, and his mother Lou Zhaojun and his family had no livelihood. They were worried about life. Gao Yang didn't learn to speak at that time, so he even said the word "Dehuo". Lou Zhaojun and others around him were surprised and speechless. In his childhood, Gao Yang was unsophisticated and taciturn. In fact, he was "brilliant and eloquent". He was just and forthright and brilliant. Although he was often ridiculed or teased by his brothers, his ability was appreciated by his father Gao Huan. Gao Yang's ability to keep a low profile not only successfully dispels Gao Cheng's suspicion of him and protects himself, but also conceals almost all his officials.

In the second year of Tianping (535) of emperor Xiaojing of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, Gao Yang was awarded the titles of Sanqi Changshi, Hushi general, Yitong Sansi, Zuo Guanglu, and the founder of Taiyuan county. In the first year of emperor Xiaojing's Wuding reign (543), he added a servant. In the next year, he moved to be the minister Zuo pushe and the leading general. Since then, Gao Yang has been used by the Eastern Wei court under the control of his brother Gao Cheng. In the first month of the fifth year of Wuding (547), his father Gao Huan died, and Gao Cheng took over the government. Gao Yang was granted the title of Shangshu Ling, Zhongshu Jian, and capital governor. Gao Cheng and Gao Yang firmly grasped the power of the Eastern Wei Dynasty.

In the seventh year of Wuding (549), Gao Cheng, a 29 year old prime minister, was stabbed to death by his kitchen slave. At this time, Gao Yang, 23, stepped forward. However, the calm and contempt of his senior officials at that time and a series of other officials at Linyang were not surprised. In October, Gao Yang took Wang Tan of Xianyang as his Taifu and pan Xiangle as his Sikong. In November, Tuguhun sent envoys to pay tribute to Yecheng. Mao Lingbin, the governor of Qizhou, Liu Lingbin, the governor of Dezhou, and huangfushen, the governor of Southern Yuzhou, were all attached to the city. In December, he took Peng Le, the governor of Bingzhou, as his situ, and he Baren, the Taibao, as the governor of Bingzhou. On the one hand, Gao Yang personally commanded the guards to search for assassins and "cut off the bandits and paint their heads"; on the other hand, he personally managed the affairs of the imperial court and military affairs in an orderly manner. The chaotic political situation was immediately brought under control. Emperor Xiaojing of Wei had no choice but to appoint him prime minister and king of Qi. Gao Yang's talent is not inferior to his elder brother Gao Cheng. In terms of political character, such as bearing humiliation and keeping a low profile, he is obviously too clear. To be sure, Gao Cheng also showed considerable political talent and wisdom, but his sharp edge was too exposed, and his planning was not thorough enough, so that his success fell short. On the eve of planning a major event, he suddenly died in the hands of a mere servant.

Call the emperor and build Qi

In May of the eighth year of Wuding (550), as soon as Gao Yang arrived in Yecheng, he sent Sikong panle, Shizhong Zhangliang, Huangmen Shilang zhaoyanshen and others to see emperor Xiaojing, asking him to follow the will of heaven, imitate Yao and Shun, and give the throne to the king of Qi. Then Yang Min handed over the book of Zen which had been worked out for a long time. Emperor Xiaojing signed the book with tears in his eyes. After saying goodbye to his concubines, he was driven out of the palace. Gao Yang ascended the throne and became emperor

Tianbao

, country name

Qi

. In October, I entered Jinyang palace and met the Empress Dowager in the inner hall. They also pardoned the prisoners in Jinyang County, Taiyuan County, Bingzhou and the four prisons of Xiangguo government. After that, RuRu sent envoys to pay tribute. Gao Yang entered yuanshao for the left pushe of Shangshu, and Duan Shao, the governor of Bingzhou, for the right pushe of Shangshu. In addition, the prime minister's government was dismissed, and the cavalry and foreign soldier Cao were set up to separate powers.

In November of the same year, as soon as the news that Gao Yang was the throne reached yuwentai's ears, yuwentai personally led the army to the East. He wanted to test whether the 24-year-old new emperor was as brave and good at fighting as his old opponent Gao Huan. The army of the Western Wei Dynasty advanced all the way to Jianzhou (now Southeast of Jiangxian County, Shanxi Province). In order to show his strength and talent, Gao Yang took the opportunity to hold a large-scale military exercise in combination with Liuzhou Xianbei. All over the mountains, there are many swords and guns, and drums are loud in the sky. Yu Wentai can't help sighing: "Gao Huan is not dead!" After that, I was in a hurry. Yu Wentai felt that his strength was not as good as that of the Northern Qi Dynasty, so he had been reluctant to move eastward. During the Gaoyang period, the East and the West were basically at peace, but the north and the South were often at war.

In the first month of the second year of Tianbao (551), Xiao Yi, king of liangxiangdong in the Southern Dynasty, sent envoys to pay tribute. In February, Peng Le, the Taiwei, conspired against him. In March, the king of Xiangcheng, Gao Honghong, and Xiao Yi, the king of eastern Hunan, who issued an imperial edict to Nanliang, were Liang's envoys, such as Chijie, Huangyue and Xiangguo, who built the Liangtai and headed the Baikui. In the Southern Dynasties, Li Jingsheng, Liangzhou governor, Ma Songren, Yizhou governor, Xia Houzhen, and Li Han, Xinzhou governor, all attached their prefectures and counties to the Northern Qi Dynasty. In April, Xiao Yi, king of Liang, sent an envoy to pay tribute to the Northern Qi Dynasty. In April, Shi Wei sent envoys to pay tribute. In May, the rebellious general Hou Jing abolished Xiao Gang, the emperor of Liang Jian in the Southern Dynasty, and established Xiao Dong as the emperor. In November, Hou Jing abolished Xiao Dong and established the Han regime.

Four way expedition

< sub > master data: < / sub > < sub > Emperor Wen Xuan's Northern Expedition

In the first month of the third year of Tianbao (552), Emperor Wen Xuan Gao Yang personally led the army of the Northern Qi Dynasty to use Moxi as a military depot, taking advantage of the freezing of the northern state and the unfit war. In the battle of Daijun (today's Datong, Shanxi), the army of the Northern Qi Dynasty won a complete victory, and captured more than 100000 heads of livestock alone. In October of the fourth year of Tianbao (553), Emperor Wenxuan attacked Qidan again. As the king of a country, Gao Yang "Pro over the mountains, for the soldiers first", "bared his head, day and night, walking more than a thousand miles, only eating meat and drinking water, strong spirit." Inspired by the monarch's initiative, the battle with Khitan was fought all the way to the edge of the Bohai Sea. Fang Mingjin withdrew his troops, captured 100000 soldiers and more than 100000 livestock. After the victory over Khitan, Emperor Gao Yang, who had great military command ability, did not rest and reward the three armed forces. Instead, he took advantage of the high morale and the excitement of the courage of the soldiers to fight continuously. He used the way of surprise attack to attack the Turks northward. Taking advantage of his opponent's unprepared opportunity, he defeated his troops and chased them to the north of Shuozhou, forcing them to send a letter of surrender.

In the first month of the fifth year of Tianbao (554), Gao Yang led his troops to fight against Shanhu. As a tribe, Shanhu collapsed in the first World War and was beheaded. So far and near Shanhu, they were awed and fell. In March, the Luochen tribe of ruru'an rebelled against the Northern Qi Dynasty, and Emperor Wenxuan Gao Yang led his army to fight against the rebellion and smashed his army. In April, RuRu's army attacked the northern border of Northern Qi from the west of Sizhou (now Xinzhou City). Emperor Wenxuan Gao Yang led his army to fight back against RuRu from Jinyang. RuRu was defeated and retreated to Hengzhou (now Datong City). In the battle of cucumbers, the Northern Qi Dynasty killed Ru Ru for more than 20 Li, with corpses everywhere, and captured 30000 soldiers, including an Luochen's wife and children. In March of the sixth year of Tianbao (555), the Northern Qi Dynasty fought against RuRu, who had been defeated many times. He defeated his army in qilianchi (now Ningwu, Shanxi Province) and pursued them bravely until huaishuo and Woye (both in today's Inner Mongolia). He captured 20000 and more than 100000 livestock.

After the third year of Tianbao (552), Emperor Wen Xuan attacked Kumoxi in the north, Khitan in the northeast, Rouran in the northwest, and Shanhu in Xiping (belonging to Xiongnu nationality). Huainan was taken from the south, and its power extended to the Yangtze River. At this time, the national strength of the Northern Qi Dynasty reached its peak. The agriculture, salt and iron industry, and porcelain manufacturing industry of the Northern Qi Dynasty were quite developed, and they were the richest of the three countries in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. The Northern Qi Dynasty continued to carry out the equal field system, which was basically the same as that of the Northern Wei Dynasty, but also changed slightly. For example, the Northern Qi Dynasty abolished the rule of accepting double farmland, but the actual amount of farmland for a man and a woman was still equal to double farmland, and there was no limit on the amount of farmland for slaves in the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, the number of officials was limited between 300 and 60. There is also a tax.

behave tyrannously without justice

Gao Yang ascended to the throne to the sixth year of Tianbao (555), along with his neighbors'an

Chinese PinYin : Wen Xuan Di