Kaize

Kaize

In this paper, we present a new method for the determination of K (n)? (243). Shanyin County, Kuaiji county (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). Wu scholars and ministers in the Three Kingdoms period.

When he was young, he was poor and had to copy books from others, so he learned a lot. At the end of the Han Dynasty, he was promoted as Xiaolian, head of Qiantang and magistrate of CHENXIAN. When Sun Quan was a general of Hushi, he was called to be Xi Cao. After the official to zhongshuling, Prince Taifu, Fengdu Xiang Hou. Yu Fan called it "Yang Xiong of gaishu" and "Zhong Shu of today". He died in 243, the sixth year of chiwu. Sun Quan regretted it and did not eat it for several days. Kan Ze once wrote Qian Xiang Li Zhu, which is now lost. In addition, nine chapters on arithmetic do not exist.

It is said that kaize also had a lot of research on PI, and the mathematician Zu Chongzhi of the northern and Southern Dynasties used his achievements for reference in his accurate calculation of PI.

Overview photo source: ye Xiong's biography of characters in the romance of the Three Kingdoms

Life of the characters

A letter for the poor

Kaize family has been farming for generations, but kaize likes to learn. Because the family was poor and had no money, they often hired people to copy books in exchange for paper and pen. After copying the book, he read it all. He is well-known for remembering his teacher's comments, exploring and reading extensively, and being familiar with the astronomical calendar.

Promotion of official career

At first, he was promoted as Xiaolian, head of Qiantang and magistrate of Chen county.

In 219, Sun Quan was a general of Hushi. He called kaize to fill the post of Xi Caoyu.

In the first year of Huangwu (229), Sun Quan called himself Emperor and appointed kaize as minister.

Jiahe (232-238) years, promoted to zhongshuling, jiashizhong.

In the fifth year of chiwu (242), kaize was appointed as the crown prince and Taifu, and still worked part-time as zhongshuling.

The great scholar of the time

Considering that there are too many articles in the classics, it is difficult for him to apply them all. Therefore, according to the opinions of different schools, the three texts of Li and their annotations were selected to teach the two palaces (Prince sun he and King Lu Sun BA), and the etiquette for them to go in and out and meet with guests was worked out. Whenever the imperial court discussed important matters and had problems with classics, he was always consulted. Because of his diligent study of Confucianism, kaize was granted the title of duxianghou.

Sun Quan once asked him, "which is the most beautiful poem in the book?" Kan Ze wanted to take advantage of the opportunity to enlighten Sun Quan with the principles of governing the chaos, so he replied that Jia Yi's on Guo Qin was the best, and Sun Quan read this article.

Sun Quan planned to add laws and regulations to control his subordinates. Kaize always said, "we should follow the etiquette and law." His peace and uprightness are the same.

Yu Fan praised kaize and said, "Kaisheng is more outstanding than Yang Xiong." He also said, "the Confucian virtue of Kaizi is today's (Dong) Zhongshu."

In the winter of 243, kaize died. Sun Quan mourned for this and couldn't eat for a few days.

Character evaluation

General comments

Kan Ze was modest, respectful, sincere and prudent. The petty officials of the government asked him questions and answered them with courtesy. Some people criticize his shortcomings, and he never counterattacks. His expression shows his inadequacy, and the voice of criticism is gradually exhausted.

Historical evaluation

Yu Fan: 1. He was born Jiao Jie, who was the leader of Shu. ② The Confucian virtue of Kaizi is also today's Zhongshu.

Sun Deng: Zhu Gejin, bu Jia, Zhu ran, Quan Cong, Zhu Ju, Lu Dai, Wu can, Kan Ze, Yan Jia, Zhang Cheng and sun Yizhong were all good at governing the country.

Zhu Yu: his Yuanyi pure virtue, the prince less Fu shanyinkaize, learn tongtongmao, as the emperor teacher Confucianism.

Chen Shou's Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms: Yan, Cheng and Kan Sheng were scholars.

personal works

He wrote Qian Xiang Li Zhu to correct the errors of calendar time. In addition, there is an article "nine chapters" in the whole three languages.

Anecdotes and allusions

Not ten is pi

When Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, ascended the throne, Sun Quan calmly said to the officials, "Cao Pi is in his prime, I'm afraid I can't live longer than him. What can you do?" Before they could answer, he said, "in less than ten years, Cao Pi will surely die. Don't worry."

Sun Quan, the great emperor of Wu, asked him, "how do you know that?" Kan Ze replied, "in his name, he will become PI in less than ten years. This is his destiny." Seven years later, Cao Pi died.

Dissuading capital punishment

At first, the treacherous crime of Lu Yi, Sun Quan's favorite minister, was exposed. The relevant departments investigated him thoroughly and asked him to be sentenced to death. Some even thought that he should be burned to make his worst known. Sun Quan therefore consulted Kan Ze, who said, "in the prosperous Ming Dynasty, there should be no such capital punishment." Sun Quan followed his advice.

Historical records

The eighth biography of Zhang Yan, Cheng Kai and Xue

There are also records in Jiankang Shilu, Wulu and Zizhi Tongjian.

Artistic image

Literary image

In the novel the romance of the Three Kingdoms, Kan Ze is Sun Quan's counselor. When Sun Quan was recruiting talents, he came to Jiangdong with Yan and others, and received Sun Quan with courtesy. He was the first person in the eastern Wu Dynasty to see that Zhou Yu's beating Huang Gai was a bitter trick. Later, he willingly presented the book of feigning surrender to Cao Cao. Cao Cao saw it through, but he didn't change his color. He laughed and made Cao Cao believe that the book of feigning surrender was the key figure in the bitter meat scheme.

Later, he advised Sun Quan not to set up a bureau and asked Guan Yu. Liu Bei recommended Lu Xun to Sun Quan as the governor during his personal expedition to Soochow, which indirectly saved the fate of Soochow.

Film and television image

In the 1994 TV series romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhang xiqian and Wei Xian played Kaze respectively.

Commemoration of later generations

Kaize tomb is located at yuqifeng of Fenghuang Mountain in the west mountain of Dongting, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province. In front of the cultural temple at the foot of Qianwan mountain, it is commonly known as Jiangjun tomb. During the period of the Republic of China, the "wuzhongbao tomb society" once set up a new stele. Li Gengen donated money to repair it. The inscription is written by Wu yinpei, President of the society.

The tomb of kaize was buried in the 1960s due to the dumping of waste soil in kaiwenhua harbor. Only a few tombstones were found. Now the tombstones are scattered among the people in Xishan. At present, the tombstone of kaize was inscribed by Yu Yue in 1885 and engraved by Zhao Zhao.

Chinese PinYin : Kan Ze