Wang Bizhi
Wang Bizhi
Wang Bizhi (1031 -? Shengtu, a native of Linzi, Qizhou (now Linzi City, Shandong Province). He was a minister in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In 1067, song Yingzong was a high school scholar. During the reign of emperor zhezong of Song Dynasty (1086-1094), he served as the magistrate of Hedong county (now Yongji County, Shanxi Province). He once "abandoned the house of prostitute temple and made it a temple of Boyi and Shuqi". He was famous for "respecting virtue and valuing virtue" and moved to Zhongzhou as a governor. Shaosheng four years (1097), Zhishi returned home, writing books, died at home.
Life of the characters
Major achievements
In the second year of Shaosheng (1095), he knew Zhongzhou (now Zhongxian County, Chongqing). During his term of office, he made outstanding achievements in "nurturing the gentle and virtuous, eradicating the treachery" and making the people live and work in peace and contentment. There was once an official under his command who took bribes. When he was denounced by others, Wang Bizhi was also denounced. Wang Bizhi looked the same and said to the superior who came to investigate: "can the white headed old man be afraid of the officials and punish the people?" It means that he is innocent and is not afraid of investigation by his superiors. He will never retaliate against the people who have wrongly accused him. Later, the higher authorities found out the truth, and Wang Bizhi was innocent. Wang Bizhi admired the ancient sages very much. He not only built the "four sages Temple" for Liu Yan (a Tang Dynasty financier, who was demoted to Zhongzhou governor), Lu Zhi (a Tang Dynasty Pianwen writer, who was demoted to Zhongzhou Biejia), Li Jifu (a Tang Dynasty geographer, who was demoted to Zhongzhou governor) and Bai Juyi (a famous Tang Dynasty poet, who was demoted to Zhongzhou governor) Taking these famous officials as examples, they have won the support of the local people for their honesty, diligence, pragmatism and love for the people. Huang Tingjian, a famous poet and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty, highly praised him in his book Zhongzhou's restoration of the ancients, saying that "only when he knows how to be good and how to fight against others, can he have room.".
Return home
In the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097), Wang Bizhi returned from Zhongzhou. After returning to his hometown Linzi, he lived in seclusion on the Bank of mianshui River, living a leisurely life of drinking and writing poems. Mian water originates from the small town of Linzi, the ancient city of Qi. From south to north, it passes through changhutong, Dufu lane, dongshiqiao, shaojiaquan, and ends at wangqingzhuang. It is divided into two branches in the south. Mian water flows northward through Guangrao and into boxing, while Xi water flows through Wutai and into painting water. In the ninth year of the Republic of China, "Linzi county annals" recorded: "mianshui has the same origin as Sishui." Near mianshui, Qi culture is rich in connotation. It is recorded in Zuo Zhuan, the twelfth year of Zhao Gong (530 BC): Zhao Gong of Jin Dynasty and Qi Jing Gong threw a pot at a banquet. Qi Jing Gong said, "wine is like a blanket", describing the amount of wine. According to Huainanzi, Yi Ya, a favorite Minister of Duke Huan of Qi who is good at cooking, can taste and distinguish the taste of Zishui and mianshui. According to the biographies of Lu Zhonglian in historical records, Lu Zhonglian said that "Tiandan gold belt, gallops between Zimian". In mianshui River, a place with rich culture, Wang Bizhi, who likes literature, often banquets with his friends, pursues the past and the present, points out the country and mountains, and talks about some local customs and officialdom anecdotes. Later, he sorted these stories into ten volumes of mianshui Yan Tan Lu. Jun Zhai Du Shu Zhi Zhai Shu Lu Jie Ti, Song Shi Yi Wen Zhi and Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu are all recorded in the sub novelist category.
Main works
The ten volumes of mianshui Yan Tan Lu, Jun Zhai Du Shu Zhi Zhai Shu Lu Jie Ti, Song Shi Yi Wen Zhi and Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu are all recorded in the sub novelist category. The title of Jun Zhai Du Shu Zhi is Mian Shui Yan Lu, which was written by Wang Bi. Mianshui Yan Tan Lu can be divided into 17 categories, such as "emperor virtue", "Dang Lun" and "famous officials". The self preface says: "when you are idle, you can talk about the great loss of the sages. If you have something to take, you can always remember it. After a long time, you can get more than 360 things." "Summary of the general catalogue of Siku Quanshu" says: "the examination of this book today all records the miscellaneous events before Shaosheng", but the record "cannot be accurate". Such as "who passed the best sentence to Youdu", originally written by Su Zhe, but mistaken for Zhang shunmin. Liu Yongyuan's Ci of Zui Penglai, originally denounced by Renzong, was mistaken for Renzong Dayue.
Personal contribution
Wang Bizhi's works are rich in content and wide in genres, which provide a large number of authentic and reliable historical materials for later generations to study the politics, economy, military and culture of the Northern Song Dynasty, especially the life of some politicians and writers, as well as the local history and Song poetry of Shandong Province. Wang Bizhi served as a local official in the Northern Song Dynasty for a long time, and his communication scope was mainly officialdom, so he was very interested in and familiar with some hearsay stories within the ruling class. The first half of the book, such as the emperor's virtue, the theory of the Communist Party of China, the famous officials, the wise people, the strange chastity, the loyalty and filial piety, the talent and knowledge, records a large number of historical deeds of the Ming emperor and the virtuous officials, such as Zhao Kuangyin, the emperor of the Song Dynasty, Teng Zijing, Wang Anshi, the noble Sima Guang, the leader of the world Fan Zhongyan, general Di Qing and famous minister Kou Zhun are of great historical value. At the same time, Wang Bizhi is also a scholar, who pays close attention to the anecdotes of poets, calligraphers and painters in the literary and artistic circles, such as famous writers Su Shi, ou Yangxiu, Yin Zhu and Su Zhe, landscape painter Li Cheng and author Liu Yong. In particular, it is worth mentioning that the "official system", "Gongju", "Wenru" and other parts of the book accurately and accurately record the official system and imperial examination at that time, leaving a very valuable first-hand information for future generations, providing a lot of real evidence for the study of the official system and imperial examination in the Northern Song Dynasty; the "singing", "calligraphy and painting" part records the creative experience and experience of a large number of poets, calligraphers and painters Art theory is an indispensable reference for us to study the history of literature, calligraphy and painting in Song Dynasty. Wang Bizhi was born in Linzi, and spent most of his later years in Linzi. Therefore, mianshui Yan Tan Lu recorded a large number of people and events in Linzi and its surrounding areas during the Northern Song Dynasty, such as Jia Gongshu, a Linzi native who wrote seven chapters of Shandong Ye Lu, a well-educated and virtuous Linzi scholar Zhao Shimin. In the book, Fan Zhongyan's knowledge of Qingzhou is also recorded in detail, with nearly ten items. In addition, Wang Bizhi's mianshui Yan Tan Lu also intentionally or unintentionally created several firsts: This is unprecedented in the history of tile collection and research, so it is of great significance. The original text is: "Duke Wu of Qin made the Yuyang palace in Baoji County of Fengxiang. You can't know where you are when you are old. In the first month of the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty, a hundred steps to the east of the gate of Zhixian County, the residents' right to dredge the pond, and got ancient copper tiles. All five tiles were broken, and only one tile was finished. The face diameter is four inches and four quarters. There are four characters hidden on the tile surface, which are called Yuyang qiansui. The seal characters follow the trend, not square. The former site of Yuyang was also known. It is located on the plateau in the north and Weishui River in the south, facing the peaks in the front. The situation is magnificent and it is a real resort. The first year of Duke Wu is 788 years ago. You Jing Shu Fang, the general manager of Qin Feng's criminal prison, copied and published the martial arts in stone, and set up the Ruifeng Pavilion of Qiyang Xiantai, in order to do good things. " It can be seen that from the Northern Song Dynasty a thousand years ago, tile has become a favorite of literati. Second, the combination of "three Su" in the history of Chinese classical literature originated from this book. According to the record in volume 4, talent and knowledge: "Su Xun of Meishan was not fond of learning when he was young, but he still didn't know how to write when he was young. In the 27th year, he began to study angrily. Neither Jinshi nor maocai was successful. He said, "this is not enough for me to learn." Burning his writings and studying in a closed family for five or six years is a great study of the six classics and hundred books. He went to the capital with ER Zishi and zhe. Ouyang Wenzhong offered his books to the court, and the literati and bureaucrats vied for his articles. The two scholars were also in higher education. As a result, the name of father and son moved the capital. But Su's articles are good at all over the world. His articles are called Sansu. Gai Xun is Lao Su, Shi is da Su, and zhe is Xiao su. " This book also records a lot of Su Shi's deeds, which is of great value to our study of Song Dynasty literature today. In particular, it is mentioned in the book that Zhang yunsou, an envoy of the Song Dynasty, was sent to the state of Liao. In the hotel of Youzhou, he found Su Shi's poems copied by Liao people on the wall. He also heard that Fan Yang's bookstore had printed Su Shi's poetry anthology, which is of great significance for us to study the influence and dissemination of Su Shi's poems. According to the records in volume 8, Shizhi: "in huangyouzhong, fan wenzhenggong Town, Qingzhou, and Longxing monk's house, Li spring gushed out from Yangxi in the southwest of Longxing monk's house. Later, the virtue of thinking about the public was named fan Gongquan. The ancient trees around the spring are dense, and the dust can't be found. It's only a few hundred steps to the market, but it's like being in the mountains. Since then, the hermits often write poems, sing Qin and cook tea. Exquisite sunlight, rare birds up and down, travel outside real things It's the best place to camp. " The record of "Hongqiao" in the book is the earliest, so that some contemporary bridge history experts who don't know Wang Bizhi's history give Wang Bizhi the title of ancient bridge expert. According to the records of volume eight events, Xia song, the governor of Qingzhou, saw that the bridges in the city were often damaged by the flood, so he tried to rebuild them. At this time, he just got a "useless soldier" in the prison. A "disabled soldier" is a disabled soldier held in prison. This person has "wisdom", that is, extraordinary wisdom. This "waster soldier" took dozens of big trees and formed a bridge. In this way, the pillarless Hongqiao bridge was built. This is one of the earliest "Hongqiao" in Chinese history. In addition, the two idioms "opening a book is beneficial" and "commanding others" are derived from this book, and the records of Huai'an dim sum "bee candy cake", Jiangnan "Jiancha", playing cards, leaves, the predecessor of mahjong, and Annan coconut are also earlier. There is also the earliest prescription of "treating leprosy with Pinus tabulaeformis".
Writing features
Standing in the moral position of feudal scholar bureaucrats, the author praises the bright monarch who loves the people and respects the sages, who has the courage to accept remonstrations, and the honest and upright officials who are honest and pragmatic and self-discipline; praises some writers' lofty and arrogant quality and sensitive and witty creative talent; and satirizes and criticizes the ugly phenomena such as fraud, impracticality and mutilation of hundred surnames. For example, "Volume I"·
Chinese PinYin : Wang Pi Zhi
Wang Bizhi
