Han Zhaohou

Han Zhaohou

Han Wu (?)? He was the sixth monarch of Korea during the Warring States period.

The most powerful power of South Korea is when Han Zhaohou was in power. In the early period of Han Zhaohou, the politics of South Korea was chaotic, the laws and decrees were inconsistent, and the officials and people were at a loss. In 355 BC, Han Zhaohou carried out reform. He adopted the Legalists' principle of "not harming" as the prime minister (not harming the political reform) ", improved the internal affairs, made the country well-off, carried out the centralized autocratic monarchy, and advocated the rule of" art ".

The reform of Shen Buhe has achieved certain results. It is known in history as "Shen Buhe does harm to Korea, cultivates skills and practices Taoism, governs the country by itself, and the princes do not invade Korea"; "Shen Buhe is the final son, the country governs the army, and there is no invader" (Biography of Laozi Hanfei in historical records).

Life of the characters

Han Zhaohou, also known as Han lihou, Han zhaolihou and Han Zhaofu, is the son of Han Yihou (Han gonghou and Han Zhuang Hou).

In the 12th year of Han Yihou (363 BC), Han Yihou died and Han Wu ascended the throne.

In the first year of Han Zhaohou (362 BC), Qin army defeated Han Army in Xishan.

In the second year of Han Zhaohou (361 BC), the state of song captured Huangchi in South Korea. In the same year, the state of Wei captured Zhuyi in South Korea.

In the sixth year of Han Zhaohou (357 BC), Han sent troops to attack the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and occupied Lingguan and Xingqiu.

In the eighth year of hanzhaohou (355 BC), hanzhaohou appointed shenbuhai as the Prime Minister of Korea. Shen Buhui used the power of Legalists and carried out the ideas of Legalists, so that Korea could be governed and the vassals would not invade.

In the 11th year of Han Zhaohou (352 BC), Han Zhaohou went to the state of Qin to meet with Qin Xiaogong.

In the 22nd year of Han Zhaohou (341 BC), Shen Buhe died.

In the 24th year of Han Zhaohou (339 BC), the Qin army captured Yiyang, South Korea.

In the thirtieth year of Han Zhaohou (333 B.C., 337 B.C.), Han Zhaohou died, and his son, Han xuanhui, succeeded to the throne.

Main achievements

It's not harmful to use it again

In the sixth year of Han Zhaoli's reign (355 BC), he sent troops to attack the Zhou Dynasty and occupied Lingguan, Huiqiu and other two villages. Two years later, a small official Shen Buhui recommended himself to zhaolihou, who appointed Shen Buhui as prime minister. During the 15 years (351-337 B.C.) before and after Shen Buhui's appointment as prime minister, the reform of internal affairs and the search for peace in foreign affairs made South Korea become a first-class power. Once, Shen Buhui recommended his cousin as an official, but Han zhaolihou refused. Shen Buhui was very unhappy. Zhao lihou said, "I have learned the rule of governing the country from you. Do I want to accept your request to destroy the rule you set, or do I want to abide by the rule you set and refuse your request? You once taught me that rewards and punishments should be strictly implemented, and the personnel should be selected in accordance with the order. And you give and take. What kind of words do you want me to listen to? " Shen Buxing was sweating and pleaded guilty: "you are the real monarch I hope for."

The principle of appointing people advocated by Shen Buhui is "to appoint officials according to their names and responsibilities". Han Zhaohou did not make contributions to the country because of Shen Buhui, but kept in mind the "skills" of governing the country taught by Shen Buhui. Therefore, South Korea became rich and strong.

Politics

In the Warring States period, South Korea was in the area of Henan Province. There is such a record in historical records: "before Han, he had the same surname as Zhou, surnamed Ji. After that, the Miao people were granted the title of Hanyuan in the Jin Dynasty, which was called hanwuzi. " In other words, the Korean ancestors were originally sealed in the place of "Hanyuan". To Han Jue, he was listed as one of the six ministers of the state of Jin, that is, "Jin was the six ministers, while Han Jue was the first minister, and he was named Xianzi.".

Xuanzi, the son of Xianzi, moved to Quanzhou. Xuanzi and Zhenzi moved to Pingyang. As for "Zheng", at first it was not the territory of South Korea, but another vassal state, Zheng. "Records of the historian" records that "in the first year of the reign of marquis AI, the state of Jin was divided with Zhao and Wei. In the second year, he destroyed Zheng and moved his capital to Zheng. " We know that the mark of the division between the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period is the division of Jin among Han, Wei and Zhao. Therefore, the capital of South Korea during the Warring States period should be Zheng.

Historical records records records the territory of Korea when Qin annexed Korea: "in the ninth year, Qin captured Wang'an (the last king of Korea) and entered the territory as Yingzhou county." The above information shows that the territory of South Korea should be to the south of the Yellow River, so it does not include Hebei. It is on the shore of Yingshui River, so it is within the boundary of Henan, between Zhengzhou and Luoyang, bordering Shanxi in the northwest, but the Huaihe River in the South (it was Chu at that time).

Agriculture

In Han Zhaohou period, improving soil by fertilization was an important factor to improve agricultural yield. With the improvement of farm tools and the progress of farming techniques, the yield per unit area of grain has been greatly increased. In some places, the system of two crops per year has been popularized. "Xunzi Fuguo" says, "today is the birth of soil, and five grains are also produced. If people are good at governing it, they can count pots per mu and get it again at the age of one year." In a word, the agricultural production in the Warring States period developed rapidly, and the level of production was improved fundamentally.

In Korea during Han Zhaohou period, iron farming tools were widely used in agricultural production, and iron farming was very common. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the iron farming tools found in archaeology mainly include: Iron share, spade, hoe, sickle, etc. The popularization and use of iron farming tools is conducive to the reclamation of a large number of wasteland and the improvement of farming efficiency. During Han Zhaohou period, cattle farming was more common in the Warring States period. The combination of iron tools and energy storage provided conditions for deep ploughing and fine farming. "Han Feizi waichu Shuo Shang" said: "the tiller is deep, and the tiller is skilled.". If there is no animal power and iron farming tools, deep ploughing is impossible.

Farmers in the long-term farming practice, production experience is more rich, they have been able to understand and distinguish the soil from the color, nature and fertility of the soil, farming according to local conditions, farmers have attached great importance to the fertilization of the land, "cover the surface mu, thorn grass to grow grain, fecal fertilizer field, is the common thing of farmers."

Economics

During the period of Han Zhaohou, Korean commerce had a great development, which mainly reflected the activity of merchants, the prosperity of cities and the circulation of money.

1. During the period of Han Zhaohou, with the development of Commerce and the prosperity of the city, the circulation of metal currency became more extensive. At that time, there were two kinds of metal currency: copper coin and gold coin. There were four kinds of copper coin: Sword coin was used in Yan and Qi, Yuan coin was used in Zhou and Qin, cloth coin was used in San Jin, ant nose coin was used in Chu, gold coin was generally measured by Jin (16 Liang), Yi (20 Liang), cake gold and Yi yuan. It is an important manifestation of the development of commodity economy that metal currency enters the field of commodity circulation.

2. During the period of Han Zhaohou, the prosperity of the city was an important manifestation of commercial development. During the Warring States period, there were many large cities with developed industry and commerce, hanzhiyangzhai (now Yuxian County, Henan Province).

3. Korean merchants trafficked among countries, expanding the scope of commodity exchange. Local specialties such as horses in the north, fish in the south, salt in the East and leather in the west can be bought in the Central Plains market. Big merchants became more active, such as Bai Gui, a big businessman, who used the method of "abandoning others and taking others from others" to engage in speculative transactions and earn a lot of wealth. Yidun, a salt merchant in Hedong, and Guo Zong, an iron smelting merchant in Handan, became the richest in the world, made friends with the princes and intervened in politics. Lu Buwei, the great Jia of Yangzhai, was a political official and prime minister.

Anecdotes and allusions

Tang kaigong's advice

Although Han Zhaoli was a monarch who knew how to use talents, he paid little attention to what he said. As a result, he inadvertently leaked some important secrets, making the plans decided by the ministers impossible to implement.

Therefore, the ministers of the government and the opposition are very troublesome and dare not tell Han zhaolihou directly. Until one day, a man who claimed to be Tang Kai Gong came to Han Zhaoli and said, "if there is a wine vessel made of jade, which is valuable, but its middle is empty and has no foundation, can it hold water?" So Han zhaolihou replied, "that's impossible." Tang huogong asked: "if there is a earthen jar, although it is not worth money, it will not miss. Can it hold wine?" Han Zhaohou replied, "yes."

At this time, Tang kaigong took the opportunity to say, "this is it. A earthen jar, though not worth a lot of money and very cheap, can hold wine because it won't miss. On the contrary, a wine vessel made of jade, though very valuable, can't hold water because it's empty and bottomless, not to mention that people pour mouthful drinks into it. It's the same with people. As a monarch with the highest status and the most important manners, if he often divulges his ministers' discussions about state secrets, then he is like a jade without bottom. Even if there is another capable person, if his secret will be leaked out one day, then his plan is basically a bubble, so he can not display his talents and strategies. At the same time, Han Zhaoli really understood. He nodded and said, "you're right! You are right

After Tang kaigong came to advise, when Han Zhaoli wanted to take important measures, the ministers conspired together to plot plans and plans. Han Zhaoli would be careful. He even went to bed alone at night, because he was worried that he would leak his plans and strategies to others to avoid missing the national affairs.

Congratulations to Qin Xiaogong

In 343 BC, King Xian of Zhou Dynasty appointed Qin Xiaogong as the leader of the western countries. At that time, Han Zhaoli congratulated Qin Xiaogong. Qin Xiaogong ordered his son Shaoguan to lead the monarchs of the military association to Fengze (now slightly north of Xingyang in Henan Province) to pay homage to King Xian of Zhou.

Han Zhaohou drunk

Once upon a time, Han Zhaohou fell asleep when he was drunk. When the headmaster saw that he was cold, he covered him with clothes. When Han Zhaohou woke up, he was very happy and asked the valet, "cover your clothes

Chinese PinYin : Han Zhao Hou