Ji Kuai

kuai

Yan Wang Ji Ke

（？ (314 BC), Ji surnamed Yan, Jidu (now Fangshan District, Beijing). During the Warring States period, the 38th monarch of the state of Yan (320 bc-318 BC) was the son of King Yi of Yan.

In the 48th year of King Xianwang of Zhou Dynasty (321 BC), King Kuai of Yan formally succeeded to the throne and organized the Allied forces of four countries to attack the state of Qin. After the reform of the Prime Minister of the Republic of China, Zen was placed among the sons, which led to the civil strife between Prince Ji Ping and general Jiang Shi. The prime minister's efforts to quell civil strife.

In the first year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (314 BC), the state of Qi took the opportunity to invade. King Yan was killed and the son of the prime minister was captured. Under the escort of King Zhao Wuling, King Yanzhao returned to China and succeeded to the throne.

Life of the characters

succeed to the crown

He, the king of Yan, is the son of King Yi of Yan. In the 12th year of King Yan Yi (321 BC), King Yan Yi died and he succeeded to the throne, which is known as king Yan in history.

In the third year (318 BC), King Yan joined Chu, Han, Wei and Zhao to attack Qin, but failed to win, so he withdrew.

Zen state Prime Minister

The Prime Minister of the state of Yan was in a high position and arbitrary in political affairs. The Su Dynasty sent an envoy to Yan for the state of Qi. The king of Yan asked, "how about the king of Qi?" Su Dai replied, "we must not seek hegemony." The king of Yan said, "why?" Sudai replied, "because he didn't trust his ministers." The purpose of the Su Dynasty was to inspire the king of Yan to respect his son. So the king of Yan especially trusted Zizhi. Therefore, Zizhi presented a hundred gold coins to Su Dai at his command.

Lu maoshou said to King Yan: "it's better to abdicate the country to the prime minister. People praise Tang Yaoxian as a sage because he wanted to abdicate the world to Xu you. Xu you didn't accept it. He had the reputation of abdicating the world, but actually didn't lose the world. Now that the king gives up his country to Zizhi, Zizhi will not dare to accept it. In this way, the king and Tang Yao have the same virtue. " The king of Yan entrusted his country to Zizhi, and Zizhi was more noble.

Some people said: "after Xia Yu recommended Boyi, he still took Xia Qi's people as officials. When he was old, he thought that Xia Qi could not bear the heavy responsibility of the world, and he passed the world on to Bo Yi. Soon Xia Qi and his party attacked Boyi and recaptured the world. People all over the world said that Xiayu passed the world to Boyi in name, but in fact Xia Qi was allowed to seize the world by himself afterwards. Now the king says that he entrusts the state to Zizhi, and the officials are all the people of Prince Ping. This is to give the state to Zizhi in name, but in fact it is Prince Ji Ping who is in power. " So the king of Yan took away the seal letter of the official with salary of more than 300 stone and handed it to Zizhi. In the south of Zizhi, he sat and exercised the power of the king. In his old age, yanwang ignored political affairs, and Zizhi ruled on all state affairs.

Character evaluation

Why did Yan Wang Yi abdicate the throne? There are three main reasons: first, Yan Wang Kuai is an idealist. He is "virtuous" and "benevolent". He admires the legend of abdication of Yao, Yu and Shun in history and tries to establish a system of monarchy and appointment of virtuous through his own practice. "Han Feizi · Shuo Yi" says: "Yan Junzi is the queen of Shao Gong. There are thousands of Li in the area, holding hundreds of thousands of halberds. They are worried about their children's happiness, do not listen to the sound of bells and stones, do not annihilate the dirty pools and pavilions inside, do not wave their weapons to hunt outside, and personally control the land to repair mu. Zi Kuai's sufferings for the people were so serious. Although the ancient so-called sage king Mingjun, he was diligent and worried about the world. However, when zikuai died and his country died, he was captured by zikuai and the world laughed at him. Why? I don't know why I am a minister. "Huainanzi · human training" also said: "swallow line benevolence and death.". Han Fei and the author of "Huainanzi · human training" intended to criticize the Yan King's ignorance of "benevolence", not knowing the king's skill of controlling his subordinates, but the quilt's capture of the throne was ridiculed by people all over the world. However, it can be seen that the Yan King's "anxiety about children's happiness, not listening to the sound of Zhong Shi, not obliterating the pool and terrace inside, not engaging in hunting outside, but also practicing Leizhou personally to cultivate his own land" is a thrifty and anti extravagant poet The monarch who was extravagant, cherished the people's strength, advocated farming and labor, and "painstakingly worried about the people" even exceeded the ancient "sage king Mingjun". If Yan Wang Kuai's hard practice only belongs to his moral proposition, then Renxian, the pursuit of Zen practice, is the embodiment of his political proposition. Despite his painstaking practice and abdication, Ren Xian is full of scholarliness.

Second, Zizhi is an ambitious careerist, who caters to the mentality of Yan Wang. There are few records about Zizhi in historical records. Shiji · yanzhaogong aristocratic family only says that he was the Prime Minister of yanwang Kuai, "valuable, decisive". But since yanwang Kuai was willing to give way to him, it shows that their ideas and political opinions are relatively close, and it also shows that yanwang Kuai was overthrown by Zizhi's talent. At least his "valuable, decisive" got the praise of King Yan. According to the fact after the abdication of King Yan, it seems that Zizhi was Ren Fei, who was able to lead the life. It is very likely that power is more than talent. In Han Feizi neichu Shuo Shang, when he called Zi Ren Yanxiang, he once "sat down and pretended:" who goes out of the door is he Baima? "? Neither the left nor the right can be seen. One man went after him and reported, "yes.". In this way, Zizhi knows that youzuo is dishonest. He said "white horse" but in fact he wanted to play tricks. According to Han Feizi's ER Bing Pian, "the son is entrusted to the virtuous to seize the king.". It's to the point.

Thirdly, a faction was formed within the ruling group of Yan state to persuade King Ke to abdicate and assist Zizhi to seize the throne. Su Dai, the younger brother of Su Qin, once spoke to the king of Yan as an envoy of the state of Qi. "The king of Yan asked," is Xi Ru king of Qi? " He said, "I will not bully.". The king of Yan said, "what is it?" "I don't believe in my ministers.". The Su Dynasty wanted to inspire the king of Yan to respect his son. So the king of Yan believed in Zizhi, and Zizhi listened to him because he sent Su to replace Baijin. Zizhi and the Su Dynasty were children's families, and the Su Dynasty obviously represented the interests of the Zizhi school. Another character, Lu maoshou, once said to the king of Yan: "it's better to let the prime minister be the prime minister. People are called Yao sages. They let the world go to Xu you, and Xu you won't accept it. They have the name of letting the world go, but they don't lose the world. Today, the king gives way to his son with his country, and the son will not dare to accept it. It is Wang and Yao who go together. ". Because the king of Yan belonged to the son, the son was very important. Su Dynasty and Lu maoshou are the "private party" criticized by Han Feizi. To a certain extent, their advice contributed to the "abdication" of King Yan.

Historical evaluation

Sima Zhen's Shiji Suoyin: "Yan Kuai has no way, and he is the son of Zen."

Historical records

Shiji, Volume 34, the fourth of yanzhaogong family

Relative members

Grandfather: Wengong, Queen of Yan

Grandmother: Mrs. Wen Gong

Father: King Yan Yi

Mother: daughter of King Wen of Qin Hui

Wang Yanzhao: Son

Chinese PinYin : Ji Kuai