Wu Tingchen

Wu Tingchen

Wu Tingchen (1773-1844), who was born in Yuanhe (now Suzhou) of Jiangsu Province, was called "Wu Gongjun" in the world. In the seventh year of Jiaqing, he was the first Jinshi and the number one scholar. The governor of Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, and the governor of Daoguang, Yunnan Province, had the power to dispatch envoys, clarify the copper storehouse, and recover Zhongfu. There is a collection of returned fields.

Life of the characters

The land of birth

Wu Tingchen, the word Zhennan, Gongjun, known as "Wu Gongjun" in the world, was named Dihua. Yuanhe (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province) is economically developed and culturally prosperous, with a large number of celebrities and romantic generations. Wu Tingchen, the number one scholar of renxuke in the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), came from this place.

Become number one

April 21 palace examination. The next day, the "reader" judged the papers. On the 23rd, the "reader" selected 10 best papers, ranked first to tenth, and submitted them to Emperor Jiaqing for adjudication. Wu Tingchen ranked first in his paper. After reading the top 10 papers, Emperor Jiaqing thought that the first one was the best, so he wrote six characters "the first one, the first one" at the beginning of the paper. Wu Tingchen became the 67th number one scholar since the founding of the Qing Dynasty. This year, Wu Tingchen was in his thirties.

Be given an official post

There were 248 Jinshi in this discipline, and later some celebrities came out. For example, Liang Zhangju, the ninth in the second place, was a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty. He was the governor of Liangjiang and wrote more than 70 works. Wu Tingchen ranked first in both the imperial examination and the imperial examination, and gathered yuan and number one in one. In the history of China's imperial examination, there are few "three yuan" (Jieyuan, Huiyuan and No.1 scholar) and "two yuan" are rare. Emperor Jiaqing also highly praised Wu Tingchen's "dualism" in his poems. In his poems, there was a sentence of "dualism and three wuyans". After he became the number one scholar in the Imperial Academy, Wu Tingchen entered the Imperial Academy as usual to write for him and take charge of the compilation of national history. In the third year, that is, in August of the ninth year of Jiaqing, he became an examiners of Hunan Provincial examination, and he was a supervisor of Hunan Provincial examination. The governor is parallel to the governor. Although Wu Tingchen was granted an official post, he still had the name of a good scholar. This kind of concurrent title is rare and is regarded as a great honor.

Six year magistrate

In the spring of the 11th year of Jiaqing, Wu Tingchen's mother, Zhang, died and went home to mourn. Return to Beijing after mourning. In the fourteenth year of Jiaqing period, the Shuchang hall was scattered, that is, the shujishi graduated. It happened that the once-in-three-year inspection of Beijing officials was conducted. Wu Tingchen ranked first. In the second year, he became the magistrate of Jinhua Prefecture. Jinhua was known as the "hometown of learning Taoism". Culture, especially Confucianism, flourished. When Wu Tingchen came to office, he pursued Burmese sages, asked about the sufferings of the people, and was determined to promote reform. He repaired the Confucian temple and founded the "yuyingtang". The Shuangxi bridge outside the city has been destroyed for a long time. It was filled with boats, and the water rose a lot. However, due to the high cost of construction, it could not be rebuilt. Wu Tingchen raised money in many ways and personally took the lead in donating money. He raised enough money and materials to rebuild the new bridge, which was called "Tongji". Wu Tingchen served as the governor of Jinhua for six years, and was transferred to the governor of Hangzhou (Renhe, Qiantang, now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). He received an edict and was about to leave when he heard that there was a severe drought in Yongkang (now Zhejiang) and Dongyang (now Zhejiang) under the jurisdiction of Jinhua Prefecture. He was sent to inspect the area and was welcomed and escorted by Li people, who were often tens of thousands of people. In the fifth year of Wu Tingchen's appointment as the governor of Hangzhou, Emperor Jiaqing died, and his second son, Aixinjueluo Manning, took over the throne of Emperor Xuanzong.

Yunnan Office

In the third year of Emperor Daoguang's accession to the throne, that is, the second year of Daoguang (1822), Wu Tingchen was promoted to Qinghe Taoist officer in Zhili, and acted as the inspector of the imperial court. During the day, he deals with cases and government affairs, and in the evening, he writes plays and often goes to Sangu. The next morning, he went to Zhili governor's office to report, which was praised by the governor. Soon after, Wu Tingchen was appointed as Yunnan's emissary. Yunnan is located in the southwest of China. When Wu Tingchen arrived at the post, he made strict rectification, meted out punishment according to the crime, and handled cases according to law. The people of Yiliang (now Yunnan), Jiangchuan (now northeast of Yuxi in Yunnan) and Tonghai (now Yunnan) were robbed by gangsters, but the officials of the three counties lied and were stolen. The people sued the inspector general. Wu Tingchen sent competent officials to investigate and obtain the evidence of robbery, and reported it to the governor. The governor hesitated. Wu Tingchen strove to remove the three county magistrate with the approval of Emperor Daoguang. Then, Wu Tingchen strengthened security measures and the thieves disappeared. In the fifth year of Daoguang reign, Wu Tingchen was appointed as Yunnan's political envoy. The chief envoy is responsible for the finance and personnel of a province. During the period of acting as Yunnan's political envoy, Wu Tingchen focused on rectifying copper mining and smelting. At that time, the copper factory officials embezzled and embezzled seriously, resulting in the country's copper deficit. Wu Tingchen seriously investigated and dealt with the case and thoroughly cleaned it up. A month later, the situation improved. In September of the next year, Emperor Daoguang recruited Wu Tingchen to Beijing with the official title of sipingjingtang (duchayuan, tongzhengsi, zhanshifu and other officials of Qingsi, all called Jingtang). Wu Tingchen is 54 years old. During his 24 years of official career, he worked hard and was weak and sick. In order to cultivate his health, he liked to forge incense wares and copper stoves, reward and give gifts to friends during the period of treating copper mines. Some "Wu Gongjun system" stoves were handed down to the world for the sake of longevity. Soon after he entered Beijing, he frequently suffered from cough. In the autumn of the next year, he took leave of absence and returned home to recuperate. He was in good health, which was approved by Emperor Daoguang.

resign from office and return to one 's native town

Wu Tingchen returned to his hometown Yuanhe county to recuperate from illness. He no longer became an official. He cultivated his character and cultivated his character. Although he had left the officialdom, he was still very concerned about the state affairs and civil affairs. In a bad year, he gave food to the poor and donated money to help repair Suzhou city. In his spare time, he revised his old works, which were called "collection of returning to the fields" and "collection of poems of the thatched cottage on the pond". He lived in his hometown for 17 years. On September 3, 1844, Wu Tingchen died at the age of 72. Wu Tingchen is erudite and knowledgeable. He disdains chapters and sentences in his life. He is well versed in classics. His articles are elegant and meaningful, and his poems are like Du Fu's. He is filial, honest and upright, and has made a lot of achievements. Yuan Pei Kang died two years after his marriage to Wu Tingchen. Kang had no children. Wu Tingchen's mother, Zhang, ordered his elder brother's third son, Wu Sishu, to inherit. In the five years of Daoguang's rural trial, Wu Sishu took the position of Lechang county (now Guangdong), and later transferred to Xiangshan County (now Guangdong). Twenty years after Daoguang, the British aggressors launched the "Opium War". Xiangshan is located in the South Bank of the Pearl River Estuary, which is the front line of anti British. Wu Tingchen sent a messenger to Wu Sishu, saying: "if you eat Junlu, you should be loyal to the emperor and fight the enemy bravely. If you can repel the enemy, gujia; if something happens, you are not my son if you are timid and live secretly! "After reading his father's letter, Wu Sishu was greatly moved. He directed the army and the people to fight tenaciously, repulsed the British attack, and saved Xiangshan County. Wu Tingchen married Tao after Kang's death. Tao had three sons: Yuying, Jinjian and Yuhua. When Wu Tingchen was appointed governor of Hangzhou, Tao died. Li's concubine had two sons: Yufan and Yugan; Zhao's concubine had a son named Yuzi. Wu Tingchen IV had 18 grandchildren and two great grandchildren.

Anecdotes after death

The year after Wu Tingchen's death, Wu Sishu asked his father's good friend Zhu Cun to write an epitaph. Zhu cunchen and Wu Tingchen were Jinshi of the same rank, who came from Jingxian county (now Anhui). Among the top 10 papers submitted to Emperor Jiaqing, Zhu Cun was one of them. At the time of publication, Zhu Cun ranked second. At the invitation of Wu Sishu, he wrote the epitaph of the Wu cemetery of Si Dihua, the governor of Yunnan Province, in front of Jinshi and sipingjing hall, which reviewed Wu Tingchen's life. The epitaph said: "if you are honest, you will be elegant; if you are diligent, you will be excellent; if you are diligent, you will be excellent; if you are well-known, you will be rewarded nine times; if you are well-known, it will spread all over Yuke, you will be upright; if you are respectful, you will not dare to abide by it; if you are willing to accept it, you will be determined; if you want to make peace, you will avoid robberies and crimes If you want to invade, you should be strict but not harsh. Please remove the hairpin and ribbon, and be happy with the rock. If you don't succeed, you will have a good reputation in literature. You will be crowned by an artist. You will always maintain the world's beauty. Your husband and wife will live together in the same house. You will be honored for thousands of years. "

Chinese PinYin : Wu Ting Chen