Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 - January 30, 1948), known as Mahatma Gandhi, is the leader of the Indian national liberation movement and the leader of the Indian National Congress party.

Mohandas kalamchand Gandhi was born in a Hindu family, the father of which was the Prime Minister of the local state. Gandhi went to England to study law at the age of 19. In 1893, Gandhi came to South Africa under British rule and led South African Indians to fight for rights. He combined the Hindu ideas of benevolence, vegetarianism and non killing with the ideas of benevolence in the Bible and the Koran, absorbed the essence of Solon and Tolstoy, and gradually formed the theory of Non Violence and non cooperation. In 1915, Gandhi returned to India and soon became the actual leader of the Congress party, which made "Non Violence and non cooperation" the guiding ideology of the Congress Party and began to fight for India's independence. After World War II, India split into India and Pakistan. In the face of the conflict between the two countries, Gandhi, who had an important influence on both sides, repeatedly fasted to influence them and called for unity. On January 30, 1948, Gandhi was assassinated by Hindu diehards.

Gandhi is the father of India and the founder of Gandhi doctrine, a modern political theory advocating non violent resistance. His spiritual thought led the country to independence and break away from British colonial rule. His philosophy of "Non Violence" has influenced the Nationalists all over the world and the international movements for peaceful change.

Character experience

Early experience

Born in India under the British colonial yoke on October 2, 1869, he grew up in a devout, benevolent, non killing, vegetarian and ascetic Hindu family. He has been shy, shy and regular since he was a child. He married an illiterate girl of the same age at the age of 13.

In 1888, Gandhi did not hesitate to be expelled from his caste status, and went to London to study law at University College London. The foreign civilization once made Gandhi have deep inferiority and prostrate himself at its feet. The constraints of religious stereotypes made him at a loss in a new environment. After a short period of confusion and exploration, he finally gave up the blind imitation of Western civilization, adhered to the original religious belief and absorbed other religious doctrines, accepted the education of British legal thought, obtained the law degree of University College London, and obtained the qualification of lawyer.

After returning from his studies, he began to work as a lawyer in Mumbai, but suffered setbacks. The first time I filed a lawsuit on behalf of others, I broke the pot because of stage fright. Half a year later, he returned to his home town of lachcott to maintain his lawyer business with the support of his elder brother, relatives and friends. The stagnant and suffocating environment of the lawyer's business made him feel depressed. When he was asked to deal with a case from an Indian from South Africa, he set foot on the journey to South Africa without hesitation.

In South Africa, a British colony with deep-rooted racial discrimination, Gandhi, as an ethnic of color, suffered a series of discrimination and insults. National pride and the sufferings of his compatriots drove him to lead the fight against racial discrimination among South African Indians and become a noticeable figure. It was in South Africa, a land full of racial discrimination, that Gandhi denied the Western civilization he once admired, cultivated and trained his ability to engage in public work, mastered the secret of being a successful lawyer, and basically formed his religious, life and social political views. The arduous struggle against racial discrimination led by him in South Africa has won the basic equal rights for South African Indians, from which he has successfully tested an effective weapon truth and nonviolence theory and its practice. However, in the process of anti discrimination, Gandhi was still full of fantasy about the British Empire.

Medium term experience

Gandhi returned to India in 1915. At the beginning of his return to China, he traveled around India by third-class bus to get to know his long lost motherland. A year later, he began to make speeches, publicize his ideas, engage in non violent struggle, and test and develop the theory of non violence. He supported the ongoing war at that time, hoping that in exchange for Britain's mercy and India's autonomy. After the first World War, the colonial authorities changed Gandhi from a loyal follower of the British Empire to a non author.

From March to April in 1919, in order to protest against the reactionary "lorat act", he launched a national non violent resistance movement. Because of the bloody suppression of the colonial authorities and the violent resistance of the masses, Gandhi once announced to suspend the non violent resistance movement and tried to cooperate with the government. However, the British government continued to act against the Caliph and Punjab, breaking Gandhi's illusion. Under the situation of the upsurge of the anti British struggle of the whole people in India, Gandhi's idea of non cooperation became mature, and he took the lead in launching a mass non violent non cooperation movement in the Caliphate movement to boycott the legislature, courts, schools, titles and foreign goods of the colonial government, and then popularized it as a form of the anti imperialist struggle of the whole people.

In September 1920, the Congress Party's special meeting in Calcutta and its annual meeting in December adopted Gandhi's plan of Non Violence and non cooperation and Gandhi's party platform.

In February 1922, because of the violence in the movement, Gandhi announced to stop the first non violent non cooperation movement, which dampened the morale and caused ideological confusion within the National Congress. Gandhi is also in prison. After his release from prison, Gandhi devoted himself to restoring the morale of the people.

Old age experience

On December 31, 1929, the Congress Party's annual meeting in Lahore passed a resolution to strive for India's independence, and authorized Gandhi to lead the new non cooperation movement.

In March 1930, he led 78 volunteers to start the "Salt March" (see "Salt March" data), which opened the prelude of the second non violent non cooperative movement and dealt a great blow to the British colonialists. During the movement, Gandhi negotiated with the governor and attended the round table meeting. As a result, the mass movement relaxed and was brutally suppressed by Britain.

In October 1934, Gandhi withdrew from the party because of serious differences with the leadership of the National Congress party again, but he still guided the work of the National Congress party on key issues.

In 1939, Gandhi was asked to be removed from the British National Congress for two times because of the violent demands of Gandhi. During this period, Gandhi's anti imperialist stance further changed.

In April 1942, when the anti British sentiment of the broad masses in India was rising and the Japanese aggressors were approaching India, Gandhi put forward the slogan of "brexit India" and successively launched the third non cooperation movement from 1940 to 1941 and the fourth non cooperation movement, both of which were suppressed by Britain. Until May 1944. After the end of the war, the British government, which was in trouble at home and abroad, was deterred by the rising pressure of the Indian national liberation movement and agreed to India's demand for independence. However, due to the long-standing differences between the two religions and the influence of the British policy of divide and rule, the partition of India and Pakistan has become a foregone conclusion. Gandhi made unremitting efforts to maintain the unity of India, but he could not return to heaven, so he had to accept partition. After independence, Gandhi was highly respected by the Indian people and the Congress party.

On January 30, 1948, Gandhi was assassinated by Hindu diehards.

Main achievements

Politics

Under Gandhi's leadership, India's Congress Party leaped from a weak political party to the leader of the mass movement, and India's anti British independence movement rapidly expanded to the whole people. With his unremitting efforts, India finally won independence. However, the significance lies not only in his contribution to India, but also in his strong spiritual power. He has influenced almost a whole generation of Indians, and the unique ideological system he created has deeply influenced India's politics, economy, literature and so on.

thought

Establishment of theory

Gandhi's set of theories with truth and nonviolence as the core theory is based on nonviolence to formulate all policies and activities. First of all, he put aside the mysticism and tedious rituals of religion and raised the moral and ethical preaching to the position of God, believing that truth is God. In the process of exploring truth and approaching God, Gandhi believed that the only way to realize truth is non violence, which essentially means that love is human nature, and the principle of truth is actually the principle of love, even for enemies. Gandhi firmly believed in the power of spirit and thought that goodness was human nature. As long as he maintained this goodness and insisted on using non violent means, he would be able to overcome all evil and even influence all evil behaviors and things. After returning to India, Gandhi began to use his theory of truth and non violence to lead the Indian people's struggle for national freedom and independence. He believed that British rule in India was violent and immoral. However, the British, as rulers, are also human, not enemies. Therefore, they can show their sincere love for them through non violent struggle and self suffering, and urge them to correct their mistakes. Therefore, Gandhi put forward the strategy of fighting for India's freedom and independence through non violent and non cooperative movement.

Leadership of the nonviolent and uncooperative movement

Guided by the strategy of Non Violence and non cooperation, Gandhi led the Indian people to launch three large-scale Non Violence and non cooperation movements against the British colonial government. In these movements, the masses

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