Huanglong

Huanglong Scenic Area

Huanglong scenic spot is located in Songpan County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. It covers an area of 700 square kilometers. It is the only well protected plateau wetland in China, 100 kilometers away from Jiuzhaigou, with an altitude of 1700-5588 meters.

Huanglong is famous for its colorful pools, snow mountains, canyons and forests. In addition, it is also known for its beaches, ancient temples and folk customs. The scenic area consists of huanglonggou, danyunxia, Munigou, Xuebaoding, xueshanliang, hongxingyan, Xigou, etc. The main landscape is concentrated in huanglonggou, which is about 3.6 km long, and there are carbonate tufa deposits in the ditch. It is well-known for its rich animal and plant resources, as well as "world wonder" and "human yaochi". It was listed in the world natural heritage list in 1992. In addition to the alpine landscape, various forest ecosystems can be found here, as well as limestone structures, waterfalls and hot springs. There are also many endangered animals in this area, including the giant panda and Sichuan Rhinopithecus.

Huanglong is famous at home and abroad for its large-scale, ingenious structure and colorful travertine landscape. It can be called a fairyland in the world for its rare karst landform. On October 9, 2016, the National Tourism Administration released the "red and black list" of holiday tourism, and Huanglong scenic spot was listed as the best scenic spot in comprehensive order. It is a world natural heritage, world man and Biosphere Reserve, "Green Globe 21" certificate, national AAAAA tourist attraction and national key scenic spot.

geographical environment

Location and territory

Huanglong scenic area is located in the southern part of Minshan mountains in Songpan County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, northern Sichuan Province. It is a transitional zone from the eastern edge of Qinghai Tibet Plateau to Sichuan Basin. The scenic area covers 103 ° 25 ′ 59 ″ - 104 ° 8 ′ 45 ″ E and 32 ° 30 ′ 53 ″ - 32 ° 54 ′ 17 ″ n. Xuebao peak, the main peak of Minshan Mountain, is 5588 meters above sea level and covered with snow all the year round. The total area is 700 square kilometers, and the area of peripheral protection zone is 640 square kilometers.

Geology and geomorphology

The overall geomorphological feature of Huanglong area is that the mountains are majestic and the Gorges are steep. It is characterized by a forest of horned peaks, vertical and horizontal ridges, deep valleys and steep cliffs, and branched river source, straight in the South and curved in the north. The elevation range of Huanglong is 1700-5588 meters above sea level. Generally, the relative elevation difference between peak and valley is more than 1000 meters, and more than 3700-4000 meters is ice erosion landform, which is magnificent and magnificent. Huanglongduo karst gorge has changeable space, steep cliffs, rich waterscape and luxuriant vegetation. According to the valley bottom morphology, there are Danyun karst stream gorge, zhaga travertine forest gorge and erdaohai travertine diehu gorge. The source of Fujiang River in Huanglong is a main east-west dendritic water system. The upstream river bed is wide and flat, the downstream Canyon is deep and curved, the South tributaries are straight and straight, and the North tributaries are steep and curved, forming a unique river source style of wide up and deep down, straight South and curved north.

Huanglong is at the junction of units in space. Structurally, it is located at the junction of the Yangtze paraplatform, the Songpan Ganzi fold system and the Qinling geosynclinal fold system. Geomorphically, it is in front of the second geomorphic step ridge in China, and the junction zone between the eastern margin of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the western mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin. In the scenic area, there are also East-West Xueshan fault, Huya fault, north-south Minshan fault and zhagashan fault, which are intersected and staggered. Moreover, there are great differences in lithology, sequence, sedimentation and other paleogeographic conditions, stratigraphic structure and structural trace between Huanglong and Munigou scenic area.

Climatic characteristics

Huanglong scenic area belongs to the plateau temperate sub cold monsoon climate type. Climate characteristics are: humid and cold, long winter in a year, few days in summer, spring and autumn. The annual average temperature is 7 ℃, the sunshine is sufficient, the morning and evening fog is more, and the rainfall is mainly concentrated in May to August every year. The annual average temperature of Huanglong scenic spot is 5-7 ℃, the hottest is 17 ℃ in July, and the coldest is 3 ℃ in January. The best time to visit Huanglong is from April to November every year.

Evolution of organizational system

In October 1982, Huanglong was approved as a national key scenic spot by the State Council of the people's Republic of China.

In December 1992, Huanglong was officially listed in the world heritage list as a natural heritage by UNESCO.

In 1997, it was listed as the world's man and biosphere reserve by the United Nations.

In February 2001, it obtained the "Green Globe 21" certificate, and Huanglong has become a world-class scenic spot with three laurels.

Name source

Huanglonggou, the main scenic area, is similar to the image of "dragon" in the eyes of Chinese people, so it has always been known as "yaochi in the world" and "symbol of China". The Tibetan people call it "Dongri serjun", which means Hailuo mountain (Xuebao mountain) and golden Haizi (Huanglong Valley) in the East.

Scenic spot landscape

Huanglong Valley

Located at Xuebaoding, the main peak of Minshan Mountain, and next to Fuyuan bridge, the source of Fujiang River, it is a gentle slope valley with a length of 7.5km and a width of 1.5km. The valley is full of milky yellow rocks. From afar, it looks like Huanglong winding in the dense forest valley. The name of Huanglong Valley comes from this. In the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD), Huanglong Temple was built here to worship Huanglong. Huanglonggou is famous both at home and abroad for its "strange, unique, beautiful and secluded" natural landscape. It is similar to the image of "dragon" in the eyes of Chinese people. Tibetans call it "Dongri serzan", which means Hailuo mountain (refers to Xuebaoding) and golden Haizi (refers to huanglonggou) in the East. It also follows the annual grand temple fair that affects people of all nationalities in Northwest China. The calcified section of huanglonggou is 3600 meters long, the longest calcified beach is 1300 meters long, and the widest is 170 meters; there are more than 3400 color pools; the edge stone dam is 7.2 meters high.

Welcome pool

When you enter Huanglong scenic area, the first thing you see is a group of exquisite pools with bright water quality -- Yingbin pool. The pools are of different sizes, with peculiar shapes, gorgeous colors, and well arranged. They are surrounded by mountains, verdant trees, wild flowers and colorful butterflies. The winding stone paths in the mountains are dotted with viewing pavilions, adding to the taste.

Body washing cave

Xishen cave is 1273 meters away from Fuyuan bridge, on the second step of huanglonggou. The travertine flowing down from the golden beach suddenly collapses here and falls into a 10 meter high and 40 meter wide travertine collapse wall, which is the longest travertine collapse wall in the world. The surging water flows down from the dyke and forms a magnificent travertine waterfall on the travertine wall. Body washing cave is located in the lower part of travertine waterfall.

Bonsai pool

Bonsai pool is composed of a group of nearly 100 pools. There are pools in the pool and the pool is covered by the pool. The dyke of the pool changes with the roots and topography of the trees. The dyke connects with the shore, and the living water has the same origin. The bottom of the pool is yellow, white, brown, and gray. The surface of the pool is clear and dust-free, and looks like a mirror. The pool beside the pool is full of wood, stone, flowers, cypresses, mountain flowers, and wild fruits. This gorgeous landscape is just like a unique bonsai made by heaven and earth, which makes horticulturists marvel.

In this landscape, there are the mirror reflecting pool close to the forest, the BOLUO color pool hidden among the rhododendrons, and the Zhengyan pool, which has more than 500 color pools and is the most colorful in the calcified landscape.

Huanglong Temple

About 3.5km away from the gully, there is huanglongzhong temple for tourists to rest. According to the annals of Songpan County, "Huanglong Temple was built by soldiers and horses of the Ming Dynasty. It is also called Xueshan temple. It is said that the immortal Huanglong raised Taoism here, so it is named. There are three temples, the front, the middle and the back, facing each other, five li apart. "

There are three temples in front, middle and back of the ditch, but the former temple only remains. The Middle Temple has five halls, covering an area of about 5100 square meters. The existing Guanyin hall and ten arhat statues are located at the end of Huanglong ditch, with an altitude of 3558 meters and an area of 2100 square meters. The temple buildings are basically well preserved. It is said that Huanglong contributed to Yu's flood control, and later generations built temples and erected steles here for sacrifice. On the other hand, Huanglong Temple was built because Huanglong became an immortal here. At present, the main hall of the temple is decorated with a black Taoist robe and a serene human statue of Huanglong.

The waterfall is shining

Bid farewell to the Yingbin pool, winding up the winding plank road, you can see thousands of layers of clear water breaking through the dense forest, descending the slope, flying down the rock ridge about 10 meters high and more than 60 meters wide, forming dozens of trapezoidal waterfalls, such as pearl flow rolling down, silver light flashing, water curtain hanging high, cloud transpiration, silky slow flow, stretch elegant, pearl curtain flashing, graceful. There is a steep cliff behind the waterfall, which is mostly horse lung shaped and flaky calcification. It is dripping and golden in color, making the whole waterfall look magnificent. After being dyed by the afterglow of the sun, it reflects different colors. The distant view is like rosy clouds falling from the sky, which is particularly brilliant and eye-catching. It is known as "waterfall glow".

Munigou scenic spot

Located in the southwest of Songpan County, Munigou scenic spot is a new scenic spot of Huanglong scenic spot. It combines the beauty of Jiuzhaigou and Huanglong, but it is more primitive and clean, and there is no obstacle of freezing in winter. In the scenic area, the mountains, forests, caves and sea are shining with trees everywhere. Haizi and Haizi are comparable to the color pools in Jiuzhaigou, and the calcified pool waterfall can compete with the "Yao pool" in Huanglong.

Zhaga waterfall

In the primeval forest of Munigou scenic spot, there is a huge water flow from the 104 meter high stepped calcified rock mass, which roars and seems to fall straight down from Jiutian. The momentum is very spectacular. It is the largest calcified waterfall in China - Zaga waterfall. Zhaga waterfall is located at an altitude of 3270 meters, 93.2 meters high and 35 meters wide. The upstream is a lake, and the downstream is a series of stepped riverbed. Hundreds of calcified ring-shaped waterfall jade beads are connected by three-stage calcification platform

Chinese PinYin : Huang Long