Yan Lisan

Yan Lisan (1892-1944), also known as serious, with the word Lisan and the nickname of Yuyuan, claims to be Yuding, from Macheng, Hubei Province. Lieutenant general of the national revolutionary army. He once served as the first student general captain and training Minister of Huangpu army officer school, and was known as "Huangpu good teacher". During the northern expedition, he served as the commander of the 21st division of the Eastern Route Army, repeatedly defeated strong enemies and won the reputation of "famous general of the Northern Expedition". During the war of resistance against Japan, he served as director of the Department of civil affairs of Hubei Province and acting president of Hubei Province. He was noble and superior to the rest of the world.

Yan Lisan's father once served as county governor in Anhui Province. He was an honest official and had a great political voice in the local government. After his father's early death, his family had no surplus wealth, orphaned and widowed mother, and life was very poor. As a teenager, Yan Lisan was unsmiling, diligent and hardworking, full of ideals and excellent achievements. At that time, it was a time when the invasion of foreign powers was imminent, the foreign invasion was serious, the Qing court was corrupt and incompetent, the officials collected money recklessly, and the people were miserable. In order to realize the ideal of saving the country and the people, Yan Lisan was admitted to Anhui Army primary school at the age of 16, and successively entered Beijing Qinghe army first preparatory school and Baoding Military Academy for further study.

In 1924, Yan Lisan came to work at Huangpu Military Academy. He successively served as the chief of the first, second and third phases. During this period, he set an example, managed the students strictly and took good care of them. He was approachable and tireless in teaching. He was admired by his classmates and was known as "Huangpu good teacher".

In July 1926, the National Revolutionary Army vowed to make the northern expedition. Yan Lisan was appointed as the division commander of the 21st division. He led his troops to the expedition with strict military discipline and no offense along the way. He was deeply welcomed and supported by the people and achieved a series of major victories. Therefore, Yan Lisan was praised as a "famous general of the Northern Expedition".

After leaving Huangpu Military Academy, Yan Lisan has been following Chiang Kai Shek's northern expedition on the middle road. When Ning Han split in 1927, he served as the commander of the 21st division of the Northern Expedition army and stationed in Jiujiang. Chiang Kai Shek was shocked to hear that Zhou Enlai and Zhu De had revolted in Nanchang, and the 21st emergency division surrounded and suppressed them nearby. Yan Lisan was very close to Zhou Enlai in the past and was unwilling to meet each other by war, so he was delayed. Therefore, the next year, Chiang Kai Shek dismissed the division commander by promoting him openly and demoting him secretly and transferred him to the director of the military and Political Department of the Military Commission (later changed to the military and Political Department).

At that time, Deng Yanda, founder of the peasant labor party and Minister of the central peasant Department of the Kuomintang, sent a telegram against Chiang Kai Shek and was killed and dumped on the streets of Nanjing. No one dared to collect the body. Yan Lisan and Deng Yanda were good friends of Jinlan and took a sad risk to collect the body for him. He hated Chiang Kai Shek's rejection of dissidents and indiscriminate killing. In the winter of 1928, Yan Lisan resigned angrily, abandoned all military and political affairs, lived in seclusion in Lushan alone, built a thatched cottage garden under Taiyi peak, reclaimed wasteland and lived on his own. He lived with woodcutters and farmers every day and lived on the harvest of his own hard farming. During this period, his subordinate Chen Cheng often went to Lushan to visit him. Chiang Kai Shek often sent greetings and repeatedly invited Yan Lisan to live in Nanjing. In 1930, when Yan Lisan returned to Wuhan to visit his sick wife, Chiang Kai Shek sent someone secretly to Wuchang to take the general's uniform and grant Yan Lisan the rank of military commander in chief and general of Feng Yan war. Yan Lisan refused. He still returned to Lushan thatched cottage to cultivate and eat by himself.

In 1931, Japan brazenly launched the September 18th Incident. Chiang Kai Shek ordered "absolutely no resistance". The Northeast Army gave up Shenyang without firing a shot. The Japanese army marched in, and Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang fell one after another within four months.

After the signing of the "He Mei agreement" in June 1935, the crisis in North China became more and more serious. Yan Lisan was very indignant at the humiliation of the Nanjing National Government and worried about the future of the Chinese nation. He has no way to serve his country and is in a melancholy mood.

In 1936, Yan Lisan went north alone to visit the mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor in Shaanxi. He carried simple luggage on his shoulders, inspected the situation of mountains and rivers and visited the suffering of the people along the way. The visit to the mausoleum lasted more than three months. Yan Lisan shed tears of grief and indignation in front of the mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor.

In July 1937, after the Lugouqiao Incident broke out, Chiang Kai Shek invited Yan Lisan to take up public office. Yan Lisan believed that it was a soldier's bounden duty to defend the country and go to the national disaster together. He could not wait to be a slave to the subjugation of the country, so he agreed to go down the mountain. In October that year, Yan went to Nanjing and asked to go to the front line. Later, Jiang asked Yan Lisan to return to Hubei as the chairman of Hubei Province. Yan Lisan saw that he Chengjun, who went with him, had served as chairman of the Hubei provincial government, so he repeatedly refused. In November, the Executive Yuan issued a government announcement that he Chengjun was the president of Hubei Province and Yan Lisan was the director of the Department of civil affairs.

In June 1938, Chiang Kai Shek reorganized the Hubei provincial government and sent Chen Cheng, commander-in-chief of Wuhan garrison, to concurrently serve as chairman of Hubei Province and Yan still as director of the Department of civil affairs. Seeing that the Japanese aggressors raped, kidnapped, burned and bullied in China, he was very angry. He inscribed "die with the enemy" on the stone wall of Sanyou cave in Yichang, expressing his determination to fight the Japanese aggressors to the end and encouraging the people of the whole country to die with the aggressors!

At this time, Chen Cheng was also the political Minister of the Military Commission and the commander of the ninth theater. He was busy with military affairs and had no time to give consideration to both. The provincial president was represented by Yan Lisan. Yan Lisan is a chivalrous man. He doesn't follow his personal feelings and dares to fight hard. During the acting president of Hubei Province, he strongly advocated the prohibition of opium smoking, especially the smoking of opium by public servants. The Accounting Director of Enshi county government smoked opium and was sentenced to death with the approval of Yan Lisan, which caused a great shock at that time. Then, in the name of the chairman of the provincial government and the provincial security commander, Yan Lisan ordered that anyone who smoked, sold, planted, transported or hid opium cigarettes should be sentenced to death. Zhu Dingjun, chief of Shashi police, was chosen by Yan Lisan himself. Zhu blackmailed a firm for 2000 yuan. After Yan sent someone to verify the truth, he ordered the Commissioner of the Fourth District, Jin Jutang, to arrest Zhu Dingjun and release him to the province. Jin and Zhu are fellow villagers and have a close relationship. They shield Zhu from strict orders. Yan Lisan personally sent the police force to Shashi to escort Zhu Dingjun to Yichang for trial. Jin Jutang also asked Baoding military academy classmate and Jiangfang commander Guo repent to come forward and try to force Yan Lisan to yield by taking advantage of Guo repent's position as the highest military officer in Hubei Province. Yan Lisan remained unmoved and finally brought Zhu Dingjun to justice.

In June 1940, Yichang was occupied by the Japanese army, and the Hubei provincial government moved to Enshi. In July, Yan Lisan resigned as acting chairman of Hubei Province, and Chen Cheng took over the post of chairman of Hubei provincial government. When Yan Lisan left office, the "Chairman's special office expenses" saved about tens of thousands of yuan during his term of office. Chen Cheng was inconvenient to accept it. He sent someone to return it to Yan Lisan, but Yan Lisan refused. Later, Chen Cheng allocated the money to relief refugees according to Yan Lisan's opinions. After Chen Cheng returned to office, he comprehensively reorganized the provincial government and reserved Yan Lisan a position as a member of the provincial government. Yan Lisan refused to resign. He neither attended the regular meetings of the provincial government nor received the salary of the members.

Later, he simply left Enshi, the seat of the Hubei provincial government at that time, and led more than 300 officers and soldiers of the second Hubei Provincial Security regiment to set up a "sunning reclamation office" in Xuanen county. Fully armed and armed, he came to sunning in Xuanen with farm tools to reclaim wasteland, develop animal husbandry, transport grain and grass for anti Japanese soldiers, and establish a production and supply base to support the front. While reclaiming wasteland, Yan Lisan did not forget war preparedness and military training, and led the soldiers of the security regiment to build cross fire fortifications in the mountains. At the same time, he also taught mathematics voluntarily in Xuanen middle school.

In 1944, Yan Lisan died of illness in Enshi Shawan Hubei provincial hospital. During his illness, he repeatedly asked the doctor not to spend too much energy on his illness, let alone affect the treatment of other sick people because of his illness. His words were sincere and moved. On his deathbed, he left the five character last words of "cremation for guilt". After the death of a generation of geek Yan Lisan, all sectors of society held a grand memorial service. Shocked by the bad news, Dong Biwu specially sent a pair of elegiac couplets from Chongqing to express his regret and condolences for Yan Lisan's death. Lian Yun: "it's a book that inspires me. It's earnest and sincere, and it's a thousand years since the founding of the country. It's hard to tell the deep bend of the ileum with its sparse shape and thin ceremony." Yan Lisan was honest and clean all his life. He did not engage in private property and lived a hard and simple life. After death, the family was depressed, and birth, maintenance, death and burial became a problem. When Wan yaohuang was the chairman of Hubei Province of the national government, his body was transported back to Wuhan and buried in Jiufeng Mountain in the suburb of Wuchang to express the admiration and memory of all sectors of society for his extraordinary life.

After the victory of the war of resistance against Japan, in order to commemorate Yan Lisan, a famous person in the war of resistance against Japan, Fang Lu copied Yan Lisan's book "die with each other" in Sanyou cave, Yichang. The provincial government engraved a bluestone monument on the sun terrace standing at Yan Lisan's residence, and his friend Shi fangbai inscribed an inscription to show the spirit of the war of resistance against Japan and the eternal existence of the sun terrace. The front of the stone tablet is engraved with the words "do not fall in love with heaven", which is inscribed with the words "劬 Ding" in the spring of the 28th year of the Republic of China, and the word "劬 garden" on one side. The stele is engraved with a brief introduction of the origin of the inscription: the person who owns the garden is also the name of Mr. Yan Lisan's garden, so he calls himself "劬 Ding", and the word "do not fall in love with heaven" is Fang LUMO on the cliff of Sanyou cave. This is engraved in the suntan reclamation area created by Mr. Zhang, so as to be immortal together with the suntan.

Shi fangbaizhi on December 21, 1933.

Social attitude

In 1927, Chiang Kai Shek launched the "April 12" counter revolutionary coup. Yan Lisan disagreed with Chiang Kai Shek. At that time, Deng Yanda, the central figure of the Kuomintang left, was in Wuhan, insisting on opposing Chiang Kai Shek and making fierce remarks. Chiang Kai Shek knew that Yan Lisan and Deng Yanda had a deep friendship, and he was even more worried about Yan. In Nanjing, Chiang Kai Shek met Yan Lisan. He said to Yan Lisan, "Deng Yanda is in Wuhan and cries out to overthrow me Chiang Kai Shek every day. You are close friends with him. Why don't you go to the letter to dissuade him?" Yan immediately affirmed that he was a revolutionary soldier and was ordered to carry out the northern expedition. He only knew that his task was to overthrow the warlords. He only communicated with Deng that the northern expedition had not been successful and that ninghan could not be divided. After listening to Mr. Chen Jiecheng, how about his health? Understanding Chiang Kai Shek's intention, Yan Lisan immediately replied, "my stomach is very bad. Please allow me to leave and rest. Chen Cheng is from Qingtian, Zhejiang Province. He is very capable and can take over my post." Chiang Kai Shek asked Yan to return to Suzhou for standby. Then he Yingqin rushed to Suzhou under the orders of Jiang, gathered the team, and announced that commander Yan was recuperating due to illness and was represented by deputy commander Chen Cheng. After the announcement, the whole division was in an uproar, causing riots, so that he Yingqin didn't know how to end. Yan Lisan immediately stopped it and ordered the chief of staff and the chief of quartermaster to hand over the customs defense and all the remaining funds to Chen Cheng. Yan Lisan is usually honest and self-sustaining. At this time, the whole division still has a balance of more than 100000 yuan. He didn't leave a piece and handed it all over. No gifts from subordinates. After the handover, Yan Lisan drove alone to Hangzhou, took off his military uniform, put on his monk's clothes and lived in Tianzhu temple. He would never see anyone who went to offer condolences at the news. "Famous Northern Expedition generals" entered the temple, which became a big news that caused a sensation in the society at that time. Yan Lisan's method of retreating to advance and overcoming hardness with softness is indeed very subtle. Because at that time, he could not fight with Chiang Kai Shek. Only when he lived in a temple and became a monk, the whole society would spread immediately. The public opinion all over the country would sympathize with and support him, and the greater his reputation, so that he could further compete with Chiang Kai Shek. In fact, within a few months, Yan Lisan became the director of civil affairs in Hubei Province. Yan Lisan's attitude towards life is related to his early learning and cultivation. He likes reading Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi. Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's philosophical thoughts such as governing by inaction, staying aloof from the world and overcoming hardness with softness have a great influence on him.

Seclusion

In Hubei, due to the intervention of soldiers in the provincial government, Yan Lisan is difficult to realize his reform plans on gradually implementing local autonomy and reducing rent during the second five-year plan, which is very painful. In the spring of 1928, before the Jiang GUI war, Yan Lisan suddenly disappeared. There were different opinions about his whereabouts. In fact, he had lived in seclusion in Lushan for nearly 10 years. He was appointed director of the Civil Affairs Department of Hubei Province for less than half a year. Yan Lisan lives in Taiyi village at the south foot of hanpo ridge in Lushan Mountain. He grows vegetables, cuts firewood, uses bamboo pipes to guide water into the kitchen, and insists on living on his own. In addition to labor, it is reading, but ask about current affairs and politics. When his friends knew about him, they gave him money and goods, but he refused. Some Huangpu students came to visit, and he advised them not to come so as not to cause trouble. At that time, many people did not understand Yan Lisan's retirement and called him a "freak". Some even ridiculed: "ZHUGE Liang didn't want to be known to the princes, but he lived in seclusion in the Longzhong of Xiangyang, the main traffic road between the north and the South; Yan Lisan looked at the officials and nobles like shoes, but he lived in Lushan Mountain with clouds." To show that his seclusion is fishing for fame. For these, Yan Lisan always laughed it off without comment.

Chiang Kai Shek was always worried about Yan Lisan. He visited Taiyi village twice, but Yan Lisan avoided it. This shows that Yan is not fishing for fame and reputation, but also his courage. After the September 18th Incident, the press reported that Yan Lisan had lived in seclusion in Lushan for a long time, calling it "today's' Yan Ziling ', which is more noble than Yan Ziling". Chiang Kai Shek was so angry that he wanted to send someone to drive Yan Lisan out of Lushan. Chen Cheng suggested to Chiang Kai Shek that Yan Lisan had great prestige among Huangpu students and had a bad influence on Yan embarrassment. It's better to invite him to Nanjing as a short position in the name of going to the national disaster together. So Chiang Kai Shek sent Chen Cheng to persuade Yan Lisan to be the director of military training in Nanjing, but Yan refused; On the second occasion, Chen Cheng was sent to persuade Yan Lisan to become the national director of smoking prohibition, but Yan refused.

Private interview in micro clothes

Yan Lisan often visited various places to understand the situation of the people and the administration of officials. You are not allowed to meet or see off without notice. Always bring a messenger with a horse for carrying luggage. After arriving at the destination, find a place to live. After dinner, go to the local government to understand the situation and handle official business without any reception. One day, Yan Lisan came to Xianfeng County Government. Before getting up, Qin shaotian, the county magistrate, heard that someone was coming from the province, so he ordered to wait in the reception room. Yan Lisan then wrote a note "Lisan has something to meet with the county magistrate" and handed it to the attendant. Qin shaotian was shocked when he saw the note and immediately dressed to meet him. Yan asked, "what time does the county government open?" Qin replied: "eight o'clock". Yan Lisan was furious because he didn't see anyone coming to work until 8:30. He ordered Qin to go to the provincial government for handling. It turned out that Yan Lisan came to Xianfeng County the day before yesterday and lived in a small inn. I heard that the people called the county magistrate nicknamed "Qin Shao scrape". Yan Lisan found out that Qin shaotian's political voice was not good, and he was already dissatisfied. He didn't have a fit just because he was late for work. Yan Lisan likes to get up early. After getting up, he often walks to nearby schools and institutions to check the work and rest system. One morning, he walked to a high school. After six o'clock, the students didn't get up. He personally hammered the bell and woke up the teachers and students in the school. Seeing the acting provincial president standing on the playground, the school director quickly gathered the students and asked him to speak. However, he said, "it's a good time. Don't be delayed by lectures. I just hope you understand that it's not easy for young students to study here during the war of resistance against Japan. You must cherish time and don't miss people's children." After that, he immediately went to all departments and offices of the provincial government to conduct surprise inspections, deal with problems in time and rectify his dereliction of duty. So far, civil servants did not dare to neglect their duties. The provincial government organs soon had a serious and tense atmosphere, changing the bad habit of procrastination in the past.

In addition to teaching in Xuanen middle school, Yan Lisan is also engaged in academic works. He is studious and thoughtful, has deep research on Chinese culture and has unique opinions. In his early years, some of his academic works, including the book "university debate", were not published in public. At that time, Zhang Jusheng, a famous publisher, highly praised Yan Lisan's moral knowledge, and advised him to publish before the war of resistance against Japan. Yan holds a humble attitude and says he will wait for his old age. Most people in society know him as a celebrity, but few know him as a scholar. Only Liang Shuming, Qian Mu, Xiong Shili and other mathematicians know Yan Lisan's academic attainments. At this time, Yan Lisan began to write the book of rites · University chapter, and put forward different opinions from Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi. After the book was published, Yan Lisan printed 200 copies with his own strength and gave them to the library and a few friends and students.