Li Xiu
Li Xiu
Li Xiu (291) Yang Niang, named Shuxian, was born in Qi County, Guanghan county (now Santai County, Sichuan Province). She was the daughter of Li Yi, the commander of Nanyi school and the governor of ningzhou. She was a female general in the Western Jin Dynasty.
Li Xiu was born in an official family and had talent and wisdom. Chu was in the army with his father. He was very famous in the army because he was good at riding and shooting and the art of war. Later, he married Wang Zai, the governor of Han and Jia dynasties, and joined the army.
In the first year of Guangxi (305), his father Li Yi died of illness because he was isolated and helpless. After Li Yi's death, ningzhou officials believed that Li Xiu was smart, open-minded and had his father's style, so they recommended her to manage ningzhou affairs. After Li Xiu took office, he rewarded the soldiers, wore armor every day, took the lead, defeated the rebels many times, and made ningzhou turn the corner.
Li Xiu worked in ningzhou for three years, making the people of the state peaceful and peaceful, and the people of the sea peaceful and peaceful. All the fifty-eight ethnic groups under her command were photographed and taken care of. Therefore, she won the support of the people. As a result of Li Xiu's actions, he was respected as a God by later generations and deified by the rulers of all dynasties. In the Sui Dynasty, she was granted Zhenjing's wife; in the Tang Dynasty, she was granted Zhenjing's wife, Minghui's wife, and later changed to a loyal wife.
Life figures
Family background
Li Xiu, a native of Qi County, Guanghan county (now Santai County, Sichuan Province), was born into an official family. Li Xiu's great grandfather, Li Chao, went to Liangzhou for driving; his grandfather, Li Dan, went to Guanglu as a doctor and principal; his father, Li Yi, went to Nanyi as a captain and ningzhou as a governor. Li Xiu has talent and wisdom. She has been in the army with her father for a long time. She is good at riding and shooting, and is well versed in the art of war. Later, he married Wang Zai, the prefect of Hanjia and a native of Xindu, and joined the army in Wang Zai's army.
Manage ningzhou
In the first year of Tai'an (302), Li Xiu's father, Li Yi, served as the commander of Nanyi school, guarding nanzhong with integrity and commanding 58 tribes of the Yi nationality. At that time, Li Rui and Mao Shen from Jianning County expelled Xu Jun from Jianning County, and Li Meng from Juti County expelled Yongyue from Juti county to respond to the uprising of Li te, the leader of the refugees, with tens of thousands of people each. Li Yi led the army to attack and kill Mao Shen, Li Meng and others. On November 11 of the same year, the imperial court reestablished ningzhou (Dianchi County, now in the west of Jincheng Town, Jinning County, Yunnan Province), with Li Yi as the governor of ningzhou. In 303, after Mao Shen died, Li Rui went to Yu Lingcheng, the commander of wulingyi people. Yu Lingcheng went to Li Yi to intercede for Li Rui. Li Yi agreed. Soon after, Li Yi lured and killed Li Rui, which intensified ethnic conflicts and buried hidden dangers of war. Yu Lingcheng was very angry about this, so he led the tribes to rebel against Li Yi. at that time, famine broke out in ningzhou for several consecutive years, and epidemic infectious diseases broke out, with the death toll reaching 100000. The wulingyi people were strong, and the ningzhou army failed many times. Many officials and people were exiled to Jiaozhou, and the foreigners took the opportunity to encircle ningzhou city. At that time, Li Yi was ill and could not supervise the war. The road to rescue had been cut off, so Li Yi asked the imperial court for help, but the imperial court did not reply. In the first year of Guangxi (305), Li Yi's son and Li Xiu's brother Li Zhao came to visit Li Yi from Luoyang. Before Li Zhao arrived, Li Yi died of aggravation of illness. after Li Yi's death, the Jin army retreated steadily, and Yu Lingcheng's army pressed directly under ningzhou city and besieged it. At this time, there was no food and grass inside, no rescuers outside, and no commander in chief. The situation was extremely critical. Officials in ningzhou believed that Li Xiu was smart and intelligent, and had the style of his father Li Yi, so they elected Li Xiu to manage the affairs of ningzhou and command the battle of guarding the city. Li Xiu was in danger, but she was still calm. Li Xiu devoted himself to military affairs, rewarded his soldiers, shared weal and woe with them, led the army and the people around the city to wait for reinforcements, and worked together to tide over the difficulties. When all the food in the city was eaten up, they burned rats and pulled grass for food. Even so, Li Xiu's defense was not a little slack. She went into battle in person and saw the opportunity to lead the troops to attack in order to upset the enemy. From the besieged enemy, they repeatedly obtained military supplies, food and grass, improved the life of the army and the people in the city, and stabilized the morale of the army and the people. Li Xiu took the lead in supervising the battle, which greatly encouraged the morale of the city. After repeated battles between the two armies, Li Xiu finally reversed the defeat and made Yu Lingcheng run away, turning ningzhou city out of danger.
Li Zhao takes over
When Sima Zhong, Emperor Huidi of Jin Dynasty, heard about this, he issued an imperial edict to appoint Li Xiu as the governor of ningzhou and the commander of Nanyi school. He wore a tiger Amulet of his relatives and led the fifty-eight ethnic minorities. During her tenure as governor of ningzhou, Li Xiu was able to achieve the goal of "the people of ningzhou are safe and quiet, and the people at home and abroad are clean and peaceful", and the 58 ethnic groups under her command are well received by the people. In the first year of Yongjia (307), Li Zhao came to ningzhou, and ningzhou officials elected Li Zhao to take over the management of ningzhou affairs from Li Xiu, who successively managed ningzhou for three years. Soon, the imperial court ordered Jiaozhou to send troops to rescue Li Zhao, and Jiaozhou governor Shi Wuyan sent his son Wuzi to rescue Li Zhao. In the fourth year of Yongjia (310), Wang Xun served as the governor of ningzhou, and Li Zhao served as the prefect of Zhuti. At that time, ningzhou was forced by the Han Dynasty, and there were foreigners and robbers inside, and the city was in ruins. Wang Xun summoned the refugees to appease them. Within a few years, the territory of ningzhou was stabilized again. Wang Xun killed more than ten powerful families who didn't obey the law and wiped out wulingyi people. Both inside and outside ningzhou were shocked and subdued.
Main achievements
During her tenure in ningzhou, Li Xiuzhou was able to achieve the goal of "the people of the state are peaceful and the people of the state are peaceful and peaceful, and the people of the fifty-eight ethnic groups under her command are very impressed and supported by the people.
Historical evaluation
General comments
Li Xiu has talent, wisdom, shrewdness and understanding, is good at riding and shooting, knows the art of war, and has the demeanor of her father Li Yi, so she has a great reputation in the army. At the time of ningzhou's crisis, Li Xiu stepped forward to turn the tide, made great contributions to the country, and became an eternal heroine.
Historical evaluation
Chang Yu's Hua Yang Guo Zhi: "you have intelligence." In Sima Guang's Zi Zhi Tong Jian: "Yi Nu Xiu, Ming DA has father's style." Cai Dongfan's the romance of the two Jin Dynasties: "Hong father and son became famous for protecting the territory, and there were Li brothers and sisters who also defended ningzhou. In troubled times, there was no one, and they were used or not used by the imperial court. But Li Xiuyi, a woman, can swear that all the people will fight against the barbarians and eat the same food. She can live up to her death. This is the reason why she wrote so much about it. "
Anecdotes
In 618, when Li Yuan, the emperor of Tang Dynasty, ascended the throne, cuanhongda returned to Yunnan from Chang'an. He unified his troops in ningzhou city and was besieged by the anti Tang barbarians. Xun went to Li Xiu temple to pray for the goddess's protection. It was the night when the wind was blowing and the rain was pouring down. Hongda took the opportunity to attack, and the besieged army was defeated. So the Xun family attributed the relief to the female general Li Xiu Xianling. The emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty ordered Li Xiu to be "Zhenjing Minghui lady".
Commemoration of later generations
Because of her outstanding work in ningzhou, Li Xiuzhou was revered as a divine figure by later generations. It is said that after Li Xiu's death, "the common people wailed, mourned, set up temples with each other, and offered sacrifices at four o'clock.". Li Xiu was worshipped as a God by the common people and deified by the rulers of all dynasties. During the reign of Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, Li Xiu was granted the title of "Zhenjing lady", so as to improve the popularity of Li Xiu. In 618, the first year of Wude in Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty, named Li Xiu "Zhenjing Minghui lady". In the Kaiyuan period of Tang Dynasty (713-741), Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, was moved by Li Xiu's heroism and renamed Li Xiu as "Mrs. Ming Hui, a loyal lady". The imperial edict was issued to build the "Zhonglie Temple", and the plaque was given in front of the lixiu temple, and the stone square was built in front of the temple. At this time, the lixiu temple should be the largest and the highest standard building in Yunnan. In 1335, the Li Xiu ancestral temple was rebuilt. Dr. Taichang Jia Ben wrote an article and set up a stone tablet in front of the Li Xiu ancestral temple. Up to now, the story of Li Xiu guarding ningzhou city on behalf of his father is still widely handed down among the people.
member of family
Great grandfather: Li Dynasty, official to Liangzhou don't drive engaged.
Grandfather: Li Dan, an official, a doctor and chief. father: Li Yi, an official of Nanyi school, and a governor of ningzhou. Brother: Li Zhao, official to Zhu Ti. Husband: Wang Zai, a native of Xindu, is the official of Hanjia.
Chinese PinYin : Li Xiu
Li Xiu
