Lin Lan

Gardenia

Gardenia jasminoides (scientific name: Gardenia jasminoides), also known as gardenia, Yellow Gardenia. It belongs to dicotyledons, Rubiaceae, gardenia evergreen shrub, with luxuriant branches and leaves, evergreen leaves and fragrant flowers. It is an important garden ornamental plant. The leaves are obovate, leathery, green and glossy. Berries ovate, yellow or orange. In addition to ornamental, its flowers, fruits, leaves and roots can be used as medicine. It has the effects of purging fire and removing trouble, clearing heat and diuresis, cooling blood and detoxifying. The flower can be used as the perfume of tea, and the fruit can eliminate inflammation and heat. It is an excellent fragrant flower. Gardenia like sufficient light and well ventilated environment, but avoid strong light exposure. It should be planted in loose and fertile acid soil with good drainage. It can be propagated by cutting, layering, branching or sowing. It likes to be warm and wet, sunny, cold resistant, semi shade resistant, afraid of water accumulation. It requires loose, fertile and acidic sandy loam, and is prone to yellowing of leaves.

It is mainly distributed in Guizhou, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Hubei and other places. It is the city flower of Yueyang City.

Generally speaking, gardenia refers to the variety of Gardenia jasminoides with double petals. The leather is long oval and glossy. Flowers axillary, short stemmed, fleshy. The fruit is ovoid to oblong, with 5-9 straight winged edges, 1-locular, many seeds, embedded in the fleshy placenta. It blooms from May to July, with beautiful flowers, leaves and fruits and fragrant flowers. Its fruit can be used as paint for painting.

morphological character

Gardenia, also known as gardenia, originated in China. Like warm and humid and sunny environment, more cold resistant, semi shade resistant, afraid of water, require loose, fertile and acidic sandy loam.

Gardenia leaves are evergreen in all seasons, flowers are fragrant and elegant, green leaves and white flowers are especially lovely. It is suitable for the terrace, pool and roadside configuration, can also be used as fence and potted ornamental, flowers can also be used for flower arrangement and wearing decoration.

Gardenia plants are mostly low, 1.2 meters high, dry gray, green twigs. The leaves are oblong, oblong, with short stalks, 514cm long, apex acuminate and slightly obtuse. The leaves are leathery, with emerald green luster on the surface, and only short hairs clustered in the axils of the lower veins. The stipules are sheath like. The flower has single branch top or leaf axil, short stem, white, big and fragrant, corolla is high, saucer shaped, generally six petaled, with double petals; the variety of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis has calyx lobes, extending from obovate to oblanceolate, with anthers exposed. Berry, ovate to oblong, 59 winged straight edges, yellow or orange, 1-locular, many flat seeds, embedded in fleshy placenta. The flowering period is longer, from May to June to August, and the ripening period is October.

leaf

Shrubs, 0.3-3 m high; twigs often short hairy, branches cylindrical, gray. Leaves opposite, leathery, sparsely papery, rarely 3 whorls, variegated, usually oblong lanceolate, obovate oblong, obovate or elliptic, 3-25 cm long and 1.5-8 cm wide, apex acuminate, abruptly long acuminate or short acuminate and obtuse, base cuneate or short acuminate, often glabrous on both sides, bright green above and dark below; lateral veins 8-15 pairs, convex below and flat above . Petiole 0.2-1 cm long, stipules membranous.

flower

Flowers fragrant, usually single at the top of branch, pedicel 3-5 mm long; calyx tube obconic or ovate, 8-25 mm long, longitudinally ribbed, calyx cornice tubular, inflated, apically 5-8-lobed, usually 6-lobed, lobes lanceolate or linear lanceolate, 10-30 mm long, 1-4 mm wide, growing and persistent when bearing fruit; corolla white or milky yellow, high peduncle discoid, throat sparsely pilose, corolla narrowly cylindric, 3-5 cm long, 4-6 mm wide, apically 5-8-lobed, usually 6-lobed, lobes widely spreading, obovate or obovate oblong, 1.5-4 cm long, 0.6-2.8 cm wide. Gardenia

Filaments very short, anthers linear, 1.5-2.2 cm long, protruding; style thick, about 4.5 cm long, stigma spindle shaped, protruding, 1-1.5 cm long, 3-7 mm wide, ovary diameter about 3 mm, yellow, smooth.

fruit

Fruit ovate, subglobose, elliptic or oblong, yellow or orange red, 1.5-7 cm long, 1.2-2 cm in diameter, 5-9 winged longitudinal ribs, apical persistent sepals 4 cm long and 6 mm wide; seeds numerous, flat, suborbicular and slightly angular, 3.5 mm long and 3 mm wide. The flowering period is from May to July, and the fruiting period is from May to February next year.

Growth environment

It likes light and shade, and its leaves are dark green under shade condition, but its flowering is slightly poor; it likes warm and humid climate, heat resistance and slightly cold tolerance (- 3 ℃), and it likes fertile, well drained and acidic light clay loam, and it is also resistant to drought and barren, but its plant is easy to senescence. Strong resistance to sulfur dioxide. The sprouting ability and sprouting ability are strong, and they are resistant to pruning and regeneration.

Distribution range

Gardenia is native to China. It is cultivated in most parts of China, mainly in East China, Southwest China, central and South China, Fujian, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, southern Shaanxi and other provinces. Tanghe County in Henan Province is the "hometown of Gardenia". In addition, the city flowers of Neijiang City in Sichuan Province, Yueyang City and Changde City in Hunan Province are gardenia.

Species classification

The main cultivated varieties and varieties are

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

f. Grandiflora Makino., also known as Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var. grandiflora Makino., is a cultivated variety with large leaves, large flowers and rich fragrance, double petals and no fruit. It is widely used in landscape architecture.

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

var.radicanaMakino Gardenia jasminoides jasminoides Ellis is also known as Gardenia jasminoides Ellis.

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

Also known as Gardenia jasminoides, gardenia for the wild species. Small leaves, single flower, orange red fruit in autumn, enduring and strong alkali resistance, it is a good tree species for flower and fruit observation.

Gardenia egg leaf

var.ovalifoliaNakai . leaves obovate, apex rounded.

Gardenia stenophylla

var.angustifoliaNakai The leaves are narrow,

Wild in Hong Kong.

Gardenia jasminoides

var.aureo -Variegata Nakai.

Lobular Gardenia

Evergreen shrub, with short plant, flat branches, long and narrow leaves, oblanceolate, opposite or three leaf whorls, stipules membranous sheath, small flowers, single in leaf axils or branch top, ribbed calyx tube, discoid corolla, white, double petals, fragrant; fruit ovate, with 6 longitudinal ridges.

Jade lotus

'fortuneana' ('double petal 'Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) ('fortuneana'): the flower is large and double petal, 7-8cm in diameter, which is widely cultivated in the courtyard.

economic value

edible

Cold Gardenia

Gardenia 500 grams, scallion, ginger appropriate. Remove and wash the gardenia, put it into boiling water, bring it to a boil, take it out, drain it, let it cool, loosen it with chopsticks, put it in a white porcelain plate, sprinkle with scallion and ginger, pour in sesame oil and vinegar, add salt and monosodium glutamate, and stir well. This dish is fresh and tender. It has the functions of clearing heat, cooling blood, detoxifying and stopping dysentery. It is suitable for lung heat, cough, carbuncle swelling, intestinal wind, blood and other diseases.

Gardenia egg flower

Gardenia 200 grams, 3 eggs, scallion, ginger each amount. Wash the gardenia and put it into boiling water. Cut it into pieces. Beat the egg into a bowl. Stir the Gardenia into the egg. Add oil to the pan and heat it to 80%. Pour the Gardenia into the pan and fry it. Sprinkle with scallion, ginger, salt and monosodium glutamate. Stir well. This dish is crisp and tender. It has the effect of clearing heat, nourishing stomach, widening intestines and benefiting qi. It is suitable for stomach heat, bad breath, swollen gums and poor stool.

Stir fried bamboo shoots with Gardenia

Gardenia 200g, shelled bamboo shoots 150g, bacon 100g, scallion and shredded ginger. Remove the gardenia, wash, blanch the bamboo shoots, cut the bacon into small slices, add oil and heat to 60% heat in the pot, pour the gardenia, bamboo shoots and bacon into the pot and stir fry for several times, add scallion and ginger, then stir fry until cooked, add monosodium glutamate and salt. This dish is light, fresh, crisp, tender and refreshing. It has the effect of invigorating the spleen, appetizing the stomach, clearing away heat and benefiting the intestines. It is suitable for the stomach to eat sluggish food, reducing abdominal distension and constipation.

Gardenia fresh soup

Gardenia 150 grams of lean pork 100 grams of shredded mustard 30 grams of scallion, ginger appropriate. Remove the gardenia, wash, blanch and drain the water. Add water to the pork shredding pot and bring to a boil. Then add gardenia, pork lean meat and shredded mustard mustard. Cook until the pork is floated and foamed. Add scallion, shredded ginger and other seasonings to the soup bowl. This soup is fresh, fragrant and refreshing. It has the effect of nourishing stomach, tonifying middle and clearing heat and benefiting intestines. It is suitable for body deficiency, anorexia, intestinal wind, blood, poor stool, cough, expectoration, gingival swelling and pain.

scented tea

Dry the flowers and drink. The method is to remove the calyx and pedicel from the bud or the newly opened flower, spread the corolla downward into a thin layer, and dry it with slow fire or oven. When drying, turn it over from time to time to make it heated evenly. After drying, put it in a sealed container and refrigerate in the refrigerator. When drinking directly with hot water brewing, can add rock sugar, honey, etc. to increase sweetness.

Preserved fruit

Knead the petals with salt, wash them with cold boiled water and drain them. Add sugar in the ratio of petals and sugar 1:2, mix them well and marinate them in a sealed container for 3 days.

Cold food method

First to salt, usually the petals to salt knead into the container, before eating out with boiled water to wash away the salt, add some seasoning such as sesame oil. In order to avoid discoloration, reduce the time as much as possible. Put the flowers in hot water and take them out quickly. Put it into a plate and eat it immediately. You can also add other seasonings as you like.

Deep frying

Use flour, egg juice and water to make a batter, so as not to expose the petals

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