Wenzi
Wenzi
Wenzi, surnamed Xin, is named Ji ran. He was a thinker, philosopher, writer and educator in the spring and autumn and Warring States period. The year of birth and death is unknown. At the same time as Confucius, he wrote the book Wenzi. Wenzi's thought is positive. He often traveled in Haize and was respected as a teacher by Fan Li, a senior official of Yue Dynasty. Fan Li assisted Gou Jian, the king of Yue, with his five strategies to destroy Wu.
There are nine pieces of Wenzi recorded in Hanshu Yiwenzhi. Wenzi is omnipotent and travels to Chu. Sun baigongsheng, the king of Chu Ping, once asked him "Weiyan". Later, he traveled to the state of Qi, where Peng Meng, Tian Pian, Shen Dao and Huan yuan all studied. Wenzi Shangde has obvious characteristics of Yi. Shangde's interpretation of Yi is the development of the same ideological context as Yu and Xiang.
Profile
Wenzi, Ji ran, was born in kuiquepu, surnamed Xin and named Wenzi. First of all, the deceased Prince of the state of Jin was also erudite and omniscient. (there is no such sentence in Yilin, which is supplemented according to Yulan.) As a man, there is no outside but inside. His shape seems to be inferior to that of man. He is less and wiser. He learns from Yin and Yang and knows from the micro. (in the case of Wenxuan Ruan Yuanyu's writing for Cao Gong and Sun Quan, he quoted the four words of "knowing at the slightest sight" in his annotation) his deeds are vast, his ambition is broad (Hong Mai's Rongzhai Xubi is "deep"), and he is unwilling to show himself as a vassal. The seven kingdoms who benefit from Yin are unknown to the world, so he is called Jiran. When he traveled in Haize, he called himself "Fisherman" and tasted the south of Vietnam Fan Li, please refer to the king of Yue Ji ran said, "the king of Yue is a bird's beak. You can't share the same interests with him." (Mr. Ma's Yilin, Volume I). Pei Fei's collection of historical records leads to "gongziye", followed by "taste the South and travel to Vietnam, and Fan Li is the teacher." In Wenxuan · caozijian's seeking to pass the table of kinship, Li Shan's notes and quotations are slightly the same. There is no sentence "surname Xin, name Wenzi" in Shiji, but a sentence "name Yue Ji ran", which covers the following meaning according to the sentence "Shi Shi" quoted in the two books. Volume 924 of Taiping Yulan is quoted as "Ji ran, a man of CAI Qiupu, the third son of Jin Dynasty, surnamed Xin, named Wenzi, erudite and omniscient." Fan Li knew that he was virtuous. He humbled himself to do things. He asked him to accept the Tao and hide in the stone room. (Taiping Yulan 924)
Modern translation
Ji ran, born in the spring and Autumn Period in kuiqu, was surnamed Xin and was named Wenzi. In the early days, he was a nobleman in exile in the state of Jin. He is knowledgeable and versatile in astronomy and geography. But the appearance seems mediocre, dull, but since childhood very studious, read books. It's like the saying that great wisdom is like a fool. Always observe and learn from nature, be good at knowing the law of development of things and other people's ideas from the beginning of things. Because of his integrity, love landscape, often go boating. But he refused to lobby and recommended himself to the princes, so although he was the best in the world, he was not known by the world. So it's called Ji ran. He is also known as the fisherman because he often travels in mountains, seas and lakes. He once took Fan Li as an apprentice when he swam south to the state of Yue. Fan Li once wanted to recommend him to the king of Yue, but he said to Fan Li, "the king of Yue is a man with a giraffed beak. He can share weal and woe with him, but he can't share weal and woe with him." Fan Li admired him more deeply, respected him more, and learned from him with an open mind.
Life of the characters
Wenzi
At the same time as Confucius, he was the author of Wenzi (tongxuan Zhenjing). Wenzi learned early and traveled to Chu. Sun baigongsheng, the king of Chu Ping, once asked him "Weiyan". After that, he traveled to the state of Qi, where Peng Meng, Tian Pian, Shen Dao and Huan yuan all studied, forming Huang Lao's learning in the state of Qi. He often traveled in Haize and was respected as a teacher by Fan Li, a senior official of Yue Dynasty. He assisted the king of Yue, Gou Jian, and used his five strategies to destroy Wu.
The nine chapters of Wenzi are recorded in Hanshu Yiwenzhi. Ban Gu only states that Fan Li was a teacher of Ji ran, which was widely spread in Qin, Han, Three Kingdoms, two Jin, northern and Southern Dynasties, and can be proved by historical materials from Qin and Han Dynasties to song and Yuan Dynasties. The earliest relevant historical data we can see today is a passage in Su Wang Miao Lun quoted by Tai Shi Gong in volume 404 of Tai Ping Yu Lan: "Ji ran was born of CAI (Kui) and Qiu Pu, the former son of Jin State, whose surname was Xin, and his character was Wen. He had a taste of South Vietnam, and was taught by Fan Li." "Records of the historian · biographies of goods colonization" states: "in the past, Gou Jian, king of Yue, was trapped in Kuaiji, but he used Fan Li and Ji ran." Liu Song Pei's Shi Ji Ji Ji Jie quoted Xu Guang as saying: "Ji Ran is Fan Li's teacher and is famous for research, so the saying goes" research, sang Xin Zhen. " Pei Fu also cited fan Zi as evidence: "Ji ran was born in kuiquepu. His surname was Xin, and his name was Wenzi. He was also the son of Jin State. Fan Li was a teacher of Yue. " In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li Xian wrote wenzizhu, which is said: "the surname is Xin, and the surname is kuiquepu. The surname is Ji ran. Fan Li was a teacher "Wenzi, the Gongsun of Jin Dynasty, surnamed Xin, named Chuan, with the word Ji ran. Wenzi's name is kuiqiu, which belongs to the Song Dynasty. It is called song Chuan (read as Jian, Ping Sheng). There are two books written by him, which are called Wenzi."
Wenzi's thought later influenced Mozi, mainly in three aspects. First of all, Wenzi's selfless universal love for Shiren was accepted by Mozi, and universal love became the core of Mozi's thought. Second, to know, to love, to respect, to respect, to enjoy and to respect the virtuous. Third, saving. Although he studied various theories, through his own mastery, he gave birth to new meanings, which he inherited. Wenzi is known in the world for his diligent study and hard training, so he has a high degree of success. Wang Chong once said: "Laozi and Wenzi are like heaven and earth." He is highly respected. Wenzi learned early and traveled to Chu. Sun baigongsheng, the king of Chu Ping, once asked him "Weiyan". Later, he traveled to the state of Qi and brought the idea of combining benevolence, righteousness and propriety to the state of Qi. Peng Meng, Tian Pian, Shen Dao and Huan yuan were all his posterity, forming the Huanglao School of Qi. Later, Wenzi traveled to Wuyue in the South and lived in seclusion in yingyu mountain of wuxingyu. He didn't know what he was going to do, or he became an immortal.
According to Li Dingsheng's research, Wenzi once asked that he studied Zixia and Mozi (about 470-381 BC) for less than Confucius, bu Shang and Zixia (about 507 BC)? ）At the same time. When you were in Chu, you had a good time with Bai Gongsheng? (479 BC). Later, Peng Meng, a hermit of Qi, learned from him. Later, Tian Pian and Shen Dao, Peng Meng's disciples, all learned Huang Lao's moral skills. Therefore, Wen Zi can be said to be the ancestor of Huang Lao's learning (Li Dingsheng, 1994, pp. 438-449)
Main achievements
On the formation of the universe in the pre Qin Period
Tao Yuan, the first chapter of Wenzi, explains Lao Tzu's "Tao" at the very beginning, that is, "there is a mixture of things, which is born in the first place." a man of Tao can't be extremely high, unfathomable, enveloping the heaven and the earth. He can receive the invisible, the original flowing spring is flowing, rushing but not overflowing, the turbid is quiet, and the giving is endless. He can't grasp it day and night The origin of all things in heaven and earth is the height of mountain, the depth of abyss, the walk of beast, the flight of Wu, the travel of Lin, the flying of Phoenix, the travel of ephemeris and the survival of them. Tao comes first from heaven and earth. Yaoming is invisible, and turbid is one. One is divided into heaven and earth. The light and clear is heaven, and the heavy and turbid is earth. The four seasons of yin and yang are also born according to this. All things can live and move. Therefore, Tao is the essence of nature, and all things in nature follow the Tao. "Living things do not exist; becoming things do not kill them; all things live by them; don't know virtue; don't die against them; don't complain." Tao is invisible and omnipresent. Tao is also Qi. "Yin and Yang edify all things, and they are born by one Qi."
Tao is the raw material of all things in the universe, and virtue is a part of all things which are derived from Tao. It grows into concrete things, and Tao and virtue complement each other. Tao is the master of all things. It breeds all things in the way of inaction. Tao makes all things grow, while virtue makes all things reproduce. Tao is the whole and virtue is the part. Tao Te, Shang De and Xia de in Wenzi all discuss the problem of Tao and de. It holds that "the way of heaven is the way of writing, the way of truth is the way, one is the way of harmony, the time is the way, so as to achieve all things. The way of life is the way, the road is smooth, the body is not far away, the virtue is true, the virtue is endless. The heaven covers all things, and the spirit comes back to the heaven by virtue, and the spirit comes back to the heaven by virtue. The heaven is higher than the heaven, the earth is lower than the earth, the heaven is higher than the earth, the heaven is higher than the earth, and the heaven is higher than the earth. The earth carries all things and grows, and takes them, so the bones belong to Yan. Those who take them also have virtue, and virtue does not lose virtue, so there is no virtue. "
Tao is also a natural law. "Tao is the Tao of things," is the only way for Yin and yang to cultivate and change all things. Therefore, he thought: "once the Tao stands, all things are born. Therefore, the principle of one is applied to the four seas, and the principle of one is applied to heaven and earth The total of all things, all read a hole, Pepsi root, all out of a door "Heaven and earth are connected, and all things are one. If one can be known, then none can be known. If one cannot be known, then none can be known." Therefore, "all things change together."
Wenzi thinks that inaction is not absolutely passive and immovable, but excluding subjective prejudice and acting according to the law. He points out that "the so-called inaction does not mean that it can not be induced, pushed, forced, felt, stagnated, grasped and dispersed. It means that its private ambition does not enter the public way, its lust does not pervert the right technique, it does not mean that it can act according to reason, it can make contributions because of its capital, and it can promote the trend of nature." In other words, we should conform to the laws of nature.
After establishing that "Tao" is the origin of matter, we found the most profound mystery between heaven and earth. We believe that Tao is not only the origin of matter, but also can lead to human affairs and be the cause of human beings. In jiushou, there are many discussions on the way to keep healthy. He pointed out: "madam, if she can't live her life, she will live on her own. seowhy
Chinese PinYin : Wen Zi
Wenzi
