Xu Hui

Xu Hui

Xu Hui (627-650) was born in the great wall of Huzhou (now Changxing County, Zhejiang Province) and was the concubine of Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty.

Born in the first year of Zhenguan (627). He was brilliant when he was young. After hearing this, Emperor Taizong took her as a talented person. Later, she was granted the title of Jieyu, and then she was promoted to chongrong.

At the end of Zhenguan period, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty began to invade and build palaces. Xu Hui's admonition is very sparse, analyzing the harm of perennial expedition and construction. Taizong of Tang Dynasty approved her view and gave her a generous reward.

In 649, Xu Huiken died of driving illness. He also wrote seven character poems and Lianzhu to show his wish. Yonghui first year (650 years) died of illness, only 24 years old, was named Xianfei, buried with Zhaoling stone chamber.

Life of the characters

Family origin

Xu Hui was born in the Great Wall Xu family of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province (this is a branch of the Xu family in the East China Sea). She was the granddaughter of Hou xuwenzheng, the fourth granddaughter of Liang Ciyuan in the Southern Dynasty, the great granddaughter of Xu Zongzhi, the prefect of Chen Shian, the granddaughter of Xu Fanggui, the linzhenling of Yanzhou, and the granddaughter of Jiang Xia Huang, the granddaughter of Chen Sikong and Shen Guozhong in the Southern Dynasty. The eldest daughter of Xu Xiaode, governor of Yiguo Prefecture in Tang Dynasty. His younger brother Xu Qidan, his nephew Xu Jian, and all the historical books have been handed down. Her younger sister is Gao Zong Jieyu, who also has literary talent. At that time, people compared Xu's sister and brother to ban's in Han Dynasty because of their outstanding humanistic talent. Another younger brother Xu Qizhuang, whose deeds are not recorded, was granted the title of great wall county by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty.

Young and intelligent

Xu Hui began to speak when she was five months old. At the age of four, she was familiar with the Analects of Confucius and Mao poetry. At the age of eight, she was good at writing articles. Xu Xiaode, her father, once asked her to try to compose poems by imitating Lisao. She wrote the chapter of imitating hills: "look up at the secluded rock and look forward to it, caress the cinnamon twigs and meditate on it. When I meet you here, why do you go alone. The father was surprised to see that the child's talent could not be covered, so Xu Hui's works immediately spread widely. After hearing this, Emperor Taizong called her to be a talented person.

Be favored because of talent

After entering the palace, Xu Hui kept on writing. Her poems were more beautiful and her thoughts were more agile. Therefore, Emperor Taizong treated her more courteously, promoted her father to wailang, then promoted her to chongrong.

Shangshu Jijian

At the end of Zhenguan period, Li Shimin attacked the minority nationalities many times and built palaces in many places, which made the people complain.

In April of the 22nd year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong drove Yuhua palace and Xu Hui accompanied him. Shangshu said: "the troops stationed in Liaohai in the East, and the crusades against kunqiu in the west, made the troops stranded and the horses short, and the food and grass short. To fill the boundless ravines of war with the limited harvest of the peasants, and to seek for those tribes that have not been recovered, we have lost the trained army. So broad territory is not the way to long-term stability; people's hard work is the factor that leads to unrest. “

He added: "although the Cuiwei palace and the Yuhua Palace are close to mountains and rivers, and there are no major construction projects, the manpower and transportation are also very complicated and laborious. For a king with virtue, the happiness of the people is happiness; for a king without virtue, the happiness of himself is happiness. "

"Exquisite treasures and playthings are swords and axes for the loss of a country, and dazzling jewels and jades are poisons for people's hearts. Although they look luxurious and beautiful, we can't help but curb such demand. Peaceful career means ambition is easy to indulge, and when the situation is stable, people are easy to indulge themselves. "

What she said is to the point. Tang Taizong agreed with her and rewarded her.

Melancholy and premature death

In 649 A.D., Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty died. He became ill and refused to take medicine. When he was in critical condition, he said to people close to him, "the former Emperor treated me well. I hope to die earlier and have a spirit. It's my wish to serve him in his mausoleum as soon as possible. (the dog and horse mentioned in the new Tang Dynasty are the words of courtiers' self modesty. The omission does not affect the meaning of the sentence, such as the Chen Qing Biao written by Li Mi of Jin Dynasty I'm so afraid of you...) Then he wrote seven character poems and Lianzhu to express his wish.

Xu Hui died of illness in the first year of Yonghui (650 A.D.) at the age of 24. She was granted the title of virtuous concubine and buried in the stone chamber of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin's Zhaoling Mausoleum.

member of family

personal works

There are seven existing works of Xu Hui, which are divided into five poems, namely, the chapter of imitating hills, the complaint of changmen, the letter of autumn wind to Gu Yingzhao, Fu De Bei You Jia Ren and Jin Taizong. There are two pieces of Fu, Fenghe Yuzhi Xiaoshan Fu and jiantaizong Xibing Banyi Shu.

Among them, according to the research statistics of scholars, there are 37 Tang poems with the title of changmenyuan, involving 33 poets. Xu Huizhi's works are the only concubines and female writers with the same title in Tang Dynasty. Qiufenghanguyingzhao was compiled as an enlightening imperial textbook "Chuxueji" to teach the emperors and princes how to write poems. Fenghe imperial Xiaoshan Fu should be written in Zhenguan 21 years. Xu Hui accompanied Tang Taizong during his recuperation in Cuiwei palace. This is the work of Heyun Tang Taizong Xiaoshan Fu. Wang Qisun, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, thinks that these two works are the origin of the literary form of "he Fu".

Admonishing Taizong to stop fighting is a rare and outstanding female political article in history. It is highly valued by historians of past dynasties and includes many important classics, such as the old book of the Tang Dynasty, the new book of the Tang Dynasty, Zhenguan dignitaries, Zizhi Tongjian, etc.

Character evaluation

Sun Zhihan: the emperor's favor in the harem is too great, and those who are not virtuous seldom interfere in current affairs. If you are well-known outside, if you favor others too much, it is easy for words to enter; if it is easy for words to enter, it is easy for things to move. If the imperial palace can be moved by the emperor, the evil will be attached to it. It's famous outside, but it's also the case that the relatives steal the favor and compete with each other. If the family is spoiled here, it's a disaster to break the family. If it's big, it's a disaster to the country. Taizong had been in power for a long time, and he was not without favor in the harem, but he didn't know anyone outside. However, Xu chongrong said that he would never interfere in current affairs, and that he would be able to remonstrate and fight for loss again, so the government of Zhenguan palace could be known. (on the confirmation of famous sages in the past dynasties)

Zhendexiu: Minister press: Fan Ji, or the match of the princes, or the imperial concubines, who can know the ancient. The virtuous concubine (Note: that is, Xu Xianfei) is a virgin, warning the way of her monarch, who can be respected, so she is attached to Yan. In Gongye, those who are sincere and like this will benefit from the old rules and regulations, which will help! Otherwise, it's rare to be cunning. (Da Xue Yan Yi)

Ge Zhi: the ancients proposed to criticize the scales with the admonition of the officials. Although the scholars still thought it difficult, how about women? According to the historical biography, Deng man's comment on Mo Ao's defeat became popular. He asked for the seal of Xu Ju, his ban Ji's words were written in the chariot, and Liu's punishment of saving Yuan Da was rare for thousands of years. The virtue of Emperor Taizong's admonition is superior to that of ancient and modern times. The external Fang, Du, Wang and Wei, and the internal empress Wende, are also enough to complement each other. Among the concubines in the palace, they are like Xu. There are some old teachers and scholars who can't be far away. Wu Hu Xian! (Zhenguan Zhengyao)

Peng Ting: in Tang Dynasty, Xu chongrong wrote a lot of articles, and his writing style was beautiful. I wish you a dog and a horse in the garden. Instead of paying attention to his diction, he wrote that he would stop fighting, but he said to himself, "you must first serve the dog and horse in the sleeping garden." It is also appropriate to carry out the work of the words. Praise said: Xu's full capacity of historical books. Wen is a flea. He is also a poet. Emperor Taizong admonished the palace. May the garden be glorious even though it is dead. (Quan Xiang Ping Lin Gu Jin lie Nu Zhuan)

Yang Lian: stealing is from Fan Ji. It's all in the interests of the ruler. However, Fan Ji doesn't eat the meat of animals, and Wei Ji doesn't listen to Zheng Wei's voice. Ban Jieyu is good at satirizing the ancients, and Xu Xianfei's book is rich in diction. Ban xupo's Gongwen Ci was mostly written in exile. In the past, Cheng Yi described his mother Shanggu Jun's words, saying that the women who saw the world passed on to others with articles and books. They thought it was not right, so the words were the end of women's affairs. If they respected Jiang's ancient system and Mencius' mother's record of Yili, they would study and pass on to others. The four of them are all virtuous, but they have something to do with fan Weiyou. (excerpts from the great learning)

Cheng Yunsheng and Yan Zhitui: after the completion of the Han Dynasty by the Cao family, Princess Xu huifei helped to write a book, which is a talented woman. Xu Xianfei was called by the emperor, Luqin wrote new poems, Xie Daokai explained xiaolangwei and was eloquent. (the forest of young scholars)

Zhu Yuanzhang: no one! In the past, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was busy with labor and good at fighting. Xu chongrong, a member of the Imperial Palace, said: "the vast land is not the way of long-term stability, and labor is the source of chaos. It's impossible to defend Liaohai in the East and kunqiu in the West. " If all the answers are in accordance with their wishes, then the women of Tang Dynasty will surpass the Confucians of today. (Qingxi leisure pen)

Yang Yiren

：

Another queen! (four episodes of reading history)

Shao Jingbang: in the age of Emperor Taizong, a virtuous imperial concubine became famous. Why. Those who cover the prosperity of Tang Dynasty oppose the old Sui Dynasty, while those who achieve the beauty of governance follow the admonition. Old friends don't think it taboo, intimate and distant don't think it's blasphemous, then the Minister of bone classics becomes Zhi Wei Wei Ruo, not to mention the lady of boudoir. (hongdaolu)

Lu Kun: a virtuous concubine is not a female admonitor. It is said that concubines should not be near, and women's words should not be heard. Such as the virtuous concubine, day and night in the side, eat and rest by the word, not delay female pet. The palace is close to the Imperial Palace, which means there is no gentleman. (on the pictures of boudoir models)

Aixinjueluo Hongli: Yuancheng has words and is willing to be a good minister. The flow of wind is not vibration, but from the palace concubine. Princess Xu wrote and fought against Chen. It's a pity for Tang Zong to accept it. Foreign affairs, inside the camp palace. Forget the beginning of the year, such as round Si Zhuan. (history of Imperial Palace)

Lu Chang

：

Xu Xianfei's Ci style is elegant, and she is good at self pity. (poems of celebrities of all dynasties)

Shi Menglan

：

If you want to leave Sao, you will lose your talent early, make up a mirror and linger. When a beauty smiles, it's no wonder that the king can't call her. (Quan Shi Gong CI)

He Shang: (once the song and dance were prosperous, but in the past, poetry and books were cheap). He Shang was not only in the palace, but also in the change of scholars. It's almost human. The poems of virtuous imperial concubines are full of spirit and bone, which can hardly be compared with Shangguan Waner. (Zaiyuan Poetry)

Chinese PinYin : Xu Hui