Symbol

Symbol

First of all, symbol is a kind of symbol, which is used to refer to and represent other things. Secondly, symbol is a kind of carrier, which carries the information sent by both sides of communication.

Detailed introduction

Number●Denotation●Emblem●Expression●Tittle●Sign●Symbol。 Symbol is the symbol that people agree to refer to a certain object. It can include all the phenomena that show the meaning by feeling in any form. In these phenomena, something that can be felt is the embodiment of the object and its meaning.

For example "=" is an equivalent symbol in mathematics, "Forbidden City" is a symbol of imperial power in ancient China politically, "China" is a symbol of the people's Republic of China, "Bolshevik" is a symbol of communism. It has

There are two aspects

The connotation of the concept is as follows

On the one hand, it is

The carrier of meaning

Yes

The presentation of spiritual externalization

On the other hand, it has energy

Be perceived

Of

Objective form

.

In symbols, there are

Feel the material,

Again

Spiritual significance

The two are unified and inseparable. For example, traffic lights at crossroads are no longer intended to illuminate people, but to indicate a traffic rule. The connection between the symbol and the reflected object is through

It's about meaning

. Symbols are always meaningful symbols, and meaning is always expressed in a certain form of symbols. The construction function of symbol is to establish a connection between perceptual symbol and its meaning, and present this connection in our consciousness.

Symbol is the external form or material carrier of information, and is an indispensable basic element in information expression and dissemination. Symbols can be divided into linguistic symbols and non-verbal symbols, which are usually combined in the process of communication. Both linguistic and nonverbal symbols can play the function of reference and communication in the communication of human society.

"Symbol" is one of the basic concepts of semiotics.

Symbol

It generally refers to words, languages, codes, mathematical symbols, chemical symbols, traffic signs, etc

. But the scope of symbols in semiotics is much wider. In social life, such as greeting actions, rituals, games, literature, art, mythology and so on, are all symbols. In short, can be used as a sign of something, there can be called a symbol. Symbol is accompanied by all kinds of human activities, and human society and human culture can be formed with the help of symbol. Among all kinds of symbol systems, language is the most important and complex one. According to linguists, the concept (or set of phonetic symbols) of the signifier can be divided into two parts, that is, a set of phonetic symbols or a set of phonetic symbols. Besides onomatopoeia, there is no fixed natural connection between the signifier and its signified. According to Cassirer, a semiotic aesthetician, "art can be defined as a semiotic language", which is the formal semiotic language of our thoughts and feelings. Every artistic image can be said to be a symbol or symbol system with specific meaning. In order to understand the works of art, we must understand the image of art; and in order to understand the image of art, we must also understand that in Cassirer's view, symbols, as the referential form of objects, have the function of generating human nature and shaping human culture.

In a cognitive system, symbol refers to the image of a certain meaning, which can be a combination of graphics, images, words, sound signals, architectural modeling, and even a kind of ideology and culture, a current event figure. For example "=" is an equivalent symbol in mathematics, and "Forbidden City" is a political symbol of imperial power in ancient China. In general, the symbol means a kind of "feature commemoration", just as nicknames are used to make people easy to remember and identify. It may be troublesome for you to remember Zhang San Li Si, but it's much more convenient for you to remember "big beard" and "little glasses", so the symbols can also be said to be caused by people's cognitive habits.

basic feature

This function is possible because it has three basic characteristics

Abstractness

Cassirer understood symbol as a form from special abstraction to universal abstraction. "The ability to separate relationships has developed in people." This ability to separate relationships is called "reflection" by the German philosopher Herder. That is, people can extract some fixed components from the floating emotional flow, so as to separate them for research. This abstract ability is not available in animals. This shows that the thought of relationship depends on the thought of symbol. Without a very complex symbol system, the thought of "relationship" is impossible. Therefore, "if there is no sign system, people's life will be limited within the scope of their biological needs and practical interests, and they will not find the way to the ideal world.".

universality

The so-called universality means that the function of symbols is not limited to special situations, but a universal principle, which covers all fields of human thought. This characteristic shows that human's symbolic function is not limited by any perceptual material. The meaning of this moment, that moment, here and that place is relatively stable. Because everything has a name, universal application is one of the most important characteristics of human symbol system. This is why the world of deaf, dumb and blind children is incomparably wider and richer than that of the most highly developed animal world. This is also why only human beings can open the mystery of the cultural world.

Variability

A symbol is not only universal, but also extremely changeable. We can express the same meaning in different languages, or express certain thoughts and ideas in the same language with different words. "The real human symbol is not embodied in its uniformity, but in its versatility. It is not rigid, but flexible.". Cassirer believes that it is these three characteristics of symbols that make symbols surpass signals. Cassirer takes Pavlov's experiment on dog's second signal system as an example. He believes that "ring" as a "signal" is a physical fact and a part of the physical world. On the contrary, human "symbol" is not "factual" but "ideal", which is a part of the world of human meaning. Signal is "operator", while symbol is "referent". Signal has some physical or substantial existence, while symbol is conceptual, meaningful and has functional value. Because of this special function, human beings not only passively accept the influence of the world and make a de facto response, but also can make a de facto response to the influence of the world and actively create and explain the world. It is this symbolic function that makes human beings sublimate from the pure natural world of animals to the cultural world of human beings.

basic function

Communication is one of the basic functions of symbols. The communicative function of symbols endows the symbolic world with great vitality. In the sense of semiotics, human communicative behavior refers to the process of behavior coordination in which people use symbols to express their feelings, communicate and share information among people, Different symbols have different coding and decoding rules. Symbolic situation is the specific situation in which people use symbols for cognition and communication. It mainly plays a restrictive and explanatory role in communication. < ol > < li > expression and understanding function < / Li > < li > communication function < / Li > < li > thinking function < / Li > < ol > < li >

In Journalism

purpose

It is a conventional social communication tool, and its representative is language. Under normal circumstances, both sides use certain symbols on the premise of agreement, which is conscious or unconscious. The audience's selective attention, understanding and acceptance should be used under the agreed premise.

type

It refers to the types of symbols used consciously or unconsciously by the transmitter or receiver in a specific communication link. (for example, the language, music and color in the film are different symbols)

classification

Symbols can be divided into signals and symbols, and symbols can be divided into linguistic symbols and non-verbal symbols.

Classification of symbolic meaning

1) Ostensive meaning and suggestive meaning: the former is the literal meaning of the sign, belonging to the core part of the meaning, while the latter is the extended meaning of the sign, belonging to the peripheral part of the meaning.

2) Denotation and connotative meaning: denotation is the collection of things indicated by conceptual symbols, while connotation refers to the generalization of the characteristics and essential attributes of things indicated.

3) Indicative meaning and differentiated meaning: indicative meaning is the meaning of thinking by connecting symbols with things in the real world, while differentiated meaning is the meaning of expressing the similarities and differences of the meanings of two symbols.

Ambiguity of symbolic meaning

1) The fuzziness of the meaning of language signs

2) Polysemy of linguistic signs

ability

It refers to the proficiency, level and characteristics of a specific transmitter or receiver in using a certain symbol.

(what you don't understand (Music) can only show that you have different kinds and abilities of symbols from others.)

Only when the transmitter and the receiver use the same or similar symbol system can they communicate with a clear direction and purpose.

Both sides of the transmitter and receiver must have the corresponding symbol ability to communicate accurately and delicately. It becomes the artistic symbol of art image. Therefore, the symbol of works of art can not be ignored for artistic creation and appreciation.

Special symbols

Qq2009beta2qq nickname can be used

Chinese PinYin : Fu Hao