The construction techniques of traditional dwellings in Wuzhou

The name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Wuzhou traditional residence construction techniques (Dongyang Lu residence construction techniques)

Applicant: Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province

Item No.: 960

Project No.: VIII - 177

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Zhejiang Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province

Protection unit: Dongyang Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center

A brief introduction to the construction techniques of traditional folk houses in Wuzhou (the construction techniques of Lu house in Dongyang)

Applicant: Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province

Jinhua area in the middle of Zhejiang Province was called "Wuzhou" in ancient times. Its traditional dwellings are mainly distributed in Dongyang, Lanxi, Wuyi, Pujiang and other places. These buildings with a long history have ingenious layout and exquisite decoration, which fully show their superb construction skills.

There are more than 200 Ming and Qing houses in Zhuge village, Lanxi City, Zhejiang Province. The earliest building was built in 1350, the 10th year of the Yuan Dynasty. The earliest building in Yuyuan village of Wuyi County was built in the Southern Song Dynasty, and there are 130 houses in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Luzhai in Dongyang is a large residential complex in Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a construction area of 17000 square meters. The famous Suyong hall was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. Zhengzhai town in Pujiang County is an ancient town inhabited by Zheng family. It was built in the early Northern Song Dynasty, covering an area of about 5000 square meters.

In the architectural design of traditional dwellings in Wuzhou, they pay attention to the perfect combination with the surrounding natural environment. Most of the dwellings built are close to mountains and rivers, with shady back and sunny back, undulating hills and Fu, and winding streams and rivers. Some of the buildings are in the traditional symmetrical form with vertical and horizontal lanes, while others are in the form of eight trigrams, radiating from the center to the outside. The architectural forms include ancestral hall, screen wall, memorial archway, stone bridge, hall, shop, library, stage, granary, dining room, dormitory, etc. it has complete functions and is comfortable and convenient to live. Ancestral hall is the core building of traditional dwellings in central Zhejiang. It is not only a place to sacrifice ancestors, but also a place for people to gather and discuss affairs and for elders to instruct their younger generation. The architectural pattern fully reflects the profound influence of Confucian ethical culture.

There are many kinds of decorative arts of traditional residential buildings in Wuzhou, such as stone carving, wood carving, brick carving, color painting and so on. Wood carvings are widely used in Liang Fang, Dou Gong, que Ti, gate and window lattice lattice lattice lattice, and so on. Village dwellings are generally in the form of green brick, grey wall, and horse head wall. Some dwellings, such as Lu's, have stone lions standing against each other at the door, which makes people feel dignified and solemn. Among the traditional residential buildings in Wuzhou, Zhuge village in Lanxi, Luzhai town in Dongyang and Zhengshi town in Pujiang are all key cultural relics protection units in China. Yuyuan village in Wuyi is a historical and cultural protection area in Zhejiang Province.

Located in the east of Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province, Luzhai is a large residential complex of Ming and Qing Dynasties, covering an area of 26800 square meters and a building area of 16900 square meters. The axis of Suyong hall is the main building of Lu's house, with a depth of 320 meters. On the east side, parallel to the axis of Suyong hall, there are four entrances of Shide hall axis, three entrances of Shude hall axis, dafudi Dongyin hall axis, Daya hall axis (Shanqing hall, dunxu Hall) in the middle, and three entrances of AI RI hall in the back. On the west side, parallel to the axis of Suyong hall, there are Cunyi hall, Zhongxiao hall, tiemenli hall and Shenxiu hall. Facing the street in the south are the East West lotus Pavilion academy, maohuai hall and fangbodi Bingyu hall.

No matter from which aspect, Lu house can be regarded as a museum of Dongyang hall architecture. Among them, the ancient architectural styles are diverse and unique, such as the grand and solemn Suyong hall, the tall and towering Shude hall, and the small and exquisite Dongyin hall, which represent different architectural concepts and cultural thoughts. Its architectural form is also very rich, only the roof has a variety of hanging mountain and hard mountain style, which not only represents different levels, but also increases the change of architectural form.

The halls and courtyards of Lu's residence are full of gorgeous carvings, integrating Dongyang wood carving, stone carving, brick carving and color painting. Among them, wood carving is the most prominent. The beams, brackets, queti, doors and windows and lattice fans are exquisitely carved, showing superb craftsmanship.

Chinese PinYin : Wu Zhou Chuan Tong Min Ju Ying Zao Ji Yi Dong Yang Lu Zhai Ying Zao Ji Yi