Carpet weaving skills (Beijing palace carpet weaving skills)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: carpet weaving skills (Beijing palace carpet weaving skills)

Applicant: Beijing

Project No.: 893

Project No.: VIII - 110

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Beijing

Type: new item

Applicant: Beijing

Protection unit: Beijing Huafang carpet Art Co., Ltd

Brief introduction of carpet weaving technology (Beijing palace carpet weaving technology)

Applicant: Beijing

The weaving technique of hand-made wool tufted carpet is a handicraft technique rich in national characteristics in China. It coils the wool thread into a knot and plants it on the carpet base interwoven with warp and weft cotton threads to form a higher pile surface. The weaving of carpets with wool thread began in the Neolithic Age in China. Judging from the double stranded wool thread tufted carpets unearthed from the Han Tombs in Lop Nor and Minfeng County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the weaving of carpets in the Eastern Han Dynasty has reached a very high level. Carpets were laid in the court and the houses of the rich in the Tang Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, influenced by the Mongolian lifestyle, the court set up a workshop for wool cutting and tapestry. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, carpet weaving developed rapidly in Gansu, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia and Beijing.

The weaving skills of carpet include design, weaving, flattening, slicing (using scissors to cut the plane pattern into body shape), washing and finishing. Some of the wool threads for weaving blankets are still dyed with ancient plant dyes. Carpets in China are not only necessities for ethnic minorities, but also exported to overseas. The patterns of carpets absorb the characteristics of ancient bronze, embroidery, brocade, porcelain and other patterns. The carpets of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Ningxia, Tibet and other places present their own artistic characteristics.

Beijing handmade carpet was formerly known as "Guanfang carpet", also known as "palace carpet". Carpet weaving technology was introduced into China from the western regions in the Western Han Dynasty. By the Tang Dynasty, carpet weaving in the Central Plains had been generally mature. The carpet weaving industry flourished in Yuan Dynasty, and large-scale carpet weaving workshops appeared. In the Ming Dynasty, the official weaving organizations began to weave high-quality official carpets. After entering the Qing Dynasty, the patterns of Beijing official carpets gradually formed an artistic style of multi-ethnic color and pattern integration.

Since the 20th century, Beijing palace carpet has been further developed. In 1900, Beijing palace carpet won the gold medal at the World Expo in Paris, France. In 1920, there were 354 palace carpet workshops in Beijing, which became one of the main producing areas of Chinese carpets. In 1956, Beijing No.1 carpet factory, a public-private joint venture, was established. Later, it was merged with the third carpet society and renamed "Xicheng carpet factory". In 1965, it was renamed "Beijing No.5 carpet factory". From the late 1970s to the early 1990s, the export of Beijing palace carpets was in its heyday, gaining a wide international reputation.

Beijing manual carpet weaving technology mainly includes three aspects: first, the use of professional equipment, namely machine beam; second, special tools and measuring tools for weaving carpet; third, according to the tradition, weaving carpet can be divided into two types: pulling and twisting carpet weaving. The technological process of Beijing palace carpet production is mainly composed of three processes: preliminary preparation, carpet forming and beautification. Its characteristics are: first, fine pattern design and perfect conception; second, careful selection of materials and accurate wiring; third, meticulous processing and continuous improvement. Beijing handmade carpet fully reflects the characteristics of Chinese traditional culture and Beijing palace art. It is called "Beijing style carpet" in the industry, and on the basis of it, it expands to the folk, so that it has both royal style and folk charm.

The weaving skills of Beijing palace carpet have been inherited by oral and psychological education. At present, under the impact of the modern carpet industry, the weaving enterprises are facing difficulties and lack of successors. The weaving skills are in danger of being lost, so it is necessary to actively rescue and protect them.

Chinese PinYin : Di Tan Zhi Zao Ji Yi Bei Jing Gong Tan Zhi Zao Ji Yi