Firing technique of glaze

The name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: Glass firing techniques

Applicant: Shanxi Province

Item No.: 873

Project No.: VIII - 90

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Shanxi Province

Type: new item

Applicant: Shanxi Province

Protection unit: Shanxi Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center

A brief introduction to the firing technique of glaze:

Applicant: Shanxi Province

Glass is a kind of low-temperature lead glazed pottery, which is commonly used in palaces, mausoleums, temples, pagodas and other architectural decoration materials. After long-term production practice, glass has reached a considerable height in modeling style, decoration style, technology and other aspects. Glazed architecture combines Chinese traditional ceramic culture with architectural culture, and becomes a kind of architectural form with strong national characteristics and cultural connotation.

Glass production is widely distributed in Shanxi Province, mainly in Taiyuan, Yangcheng, Hejin, Jiexiu and other places. Taiyuan began to produce colored glaze around the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and there has been no interruption since then. The Su family is the most famous for the local firing of glaze. The firing of colored glaze in Yangcheng began in Yuan Dynasty and reached its peak in Ming and Qing Dynasties. At first, the firing place was in Dongguan County, and then moved to houzeyao village, among which the Qiao family was the most famous. The firing of glaze in Hejin also began in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, mainly concentrated in dongyaotou and xiyaotou villages in the west of the city. The surname Lu is the local family of glaze. Jiexiu is an area where glass was made earlier in Shanxi Province. It was used in temple buildings in Tang Dynasty. It reached its peak in Ming Dynasty and left many historic sites.

Beijing is the old capital of Liao, Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Glass can be seen in a large number of palaces, gardens, mausoleums, pagodas, temples and other buildings. The firing of glass in Beijing began in the Liao Dynasty. There are kiln sites in Longquanwu village, Longquan Town, Mentougou District. In the early Yuan Dynasty, the government set up a glaze kiln in Liuliqu village of Mentougou, which was called "Guan kiln" or "Xi kiln". During the reign of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, the official kilns in Mentougou flourished. The firing technique of Liuliqu village was introduced into Beijing by the family of Liuli surnamed Zhao in Yuci County, Shanxi Province. The kiln was fired according to the regulations of the Ministry of industry in Qing Dynasty, which has been regarded as the standard official firing method. It usually takes more than ten days for a piece of glass product to be fired through more than 20 procedures. First of all, it is necessary to use tongs soil, which is crushed, screened, washed, refined and molded, dried and then put into the kiln to burn the tire, commonly known as "plain burning". Then, the glaze is applied and fired in the kiln, which is called "caishao".

Nowadays, with the decline of traditional architectural forms, the demand for glass is gradually decreasing; due to the environmental protection problems in the firing of glass coal kilns, as well as the shrinking industry, the loss of personnel and the waste of production techniques, the traditional firing technique of glass is on the verge of extinction, which needs to be paid attention to urgently.

Chinese PinYin : Liu Li Shao Zhi Ji Yi