Kite making skills (Beijing kite making skills)

Name of China's national intangible cultural heritage: kite making skills (Beijing kite making skills)

Applicant: Haidian District, Beijing

Project No.: 438

Project No.: VIII - 88

Time of publication: 2008 (second batch)

Category: traditional art

Region: Beijing

Type: Extension Project

Applicant: Haidian District, Beijing

Protection unit: Beijing Hanfeng Zhihe Culture Development Co., Ltd

Kite making skills (Beijing kite making skills)

Applicant: Haidian District, Beijing

Kite making has a long history in China, and its origin can be traced back to the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. Mozi and Luban used wood to make bird like instruments, which were called "wooden kite". In the Han Dynasty, bamboo strips were used to form bird like skeletons, and paper was pasted on them, which was called "Zhiyuan". Later, bamboo whistle and bow string were added to the paper kite. When flying, the wind caused the whistle to ring and the string to sing. The sound was pleasant, just like the zither, so it was called "Kite".

Chinese kites are mainly produced in Beijing, Tianjin, Nantong, Weifang, Lhasa, etc. Kites are divided into hard wings and soft wings. Hard winged Kite skeleton can not be disassembled, strong wind; soft winged Kite skeleton can be disassembled and boxed, easy to save and carry, when flying, all parts can move freely, such as "dragon head centipede" kite's dragon head binocular can rotate, claws can bend and stretch, bird like kite can spread wings to fly among the clouds, goldfish like kite can swam slowly, and so on. In addition to these, there are three-dimensional kites such as palace lanterns and flower baskets.

Kite making technology integrates a variety of manual skills. It is composed of skeleton binding, pasting, painting and other links. Among them, skeleton binding is the most important. If the skeleton is not tied well, the kite can not fly. In addition to the use of silk and silk, the paper is usually made of tough and windy cotton. Painting is also very important in kite making. Many skillful kites have been collected as works of art. Peach gum can be properly added into the color paint to make the color more bright and damp proof.

Kite flying is a traditional folk custom in China, which is beneficial to health. Qingming Festival, the wind up, is a good time to fly kites. Weifang, Shandong Province, is a traditional kite producing area in China. Zheng Banqiao, the magistrate of Weixian county (now Weifang City, Shandong Province) in the Qing Dynasty, once described the grand occasion of kite flying in Weixian County in his poem, with the words of "paper flowers flying all over the sky like snow" and "butterflies fighting for spring". Now Weifang holds a kite festival every year to carry forward the traditional kite culture. At present, inheriting kite making skills is of great significance for protecting folk handicrafts, enriching people's cultural life and improving the health of the masses.

Kite HA is the abbreviation of HA family, a famous kite making family in Beijing. Its kite making history can be traced back to the late Qing Dynasty and has been more than 160 years. His family's ancestral home is guoguowa village, Hejian County, Hebei Province. Later, in order to make a living, he opened two shops in Beijing Liulichang to sell kites. According to Liulichang chronicles, "Haji kites are in Renwei temple, north of the middle road of Liulichang. In recent decades, Haji kites are the most famous." From the first generation founder ha Guoliang to the fourth generation successor ha Yiqi, Beijing kite making skills have been passed down in the family.

Beijing kite ha kite production skills pay attention to "tie, paste, draw, fly" four arts. According to the structure and wind adaptability, kites can be divided into seven categories: hard wing, soft wing, hard racket, soft racket, string, umbrella wing and three-dimensional. Beijing kites ha kites have learned a lot from other kites. It has achieved a perfect combination of technology and art in the framework structure and painting art of kites, forming a unique style. It is exquisite in materials, moderate in modeling proportion, rigorous in handover, beautiful and generous, full in composition, complex but not out of order, simple but not out of abundance. The color of the kite is bright, steady and generous, with strong color contrast. It has the characteristics of strong wind, fast take-off, high and stable after flying.

Harrington kite is an exquisite work of art, which has a certain collection value. It can also provide an important reference for the study of folk handicrafts and folk art. With the development of the times, people's ways of cultural entertainment are constantly changing, and the custom of flying Zheng has gradually weakened. Beijing kite making technique, a valuable folk handicraft, is also being gradually forgotten. At present, this skill is faced with the problem that there is no successor and the skill is lost, which urgently needs the attention of the relevant parties.

Chinese PinYin : Feng Zheng Zhi Zuo Ji Yi Bei Jing Feng Zheng Ha Zhi Zuo Ji Yi