Jiangmen North Street, Guangdong Province

North St

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The North Street of Jiangmen is located on the South Bank of Xijiang River and the west of Pengjiang estuary, 95 nautical miles away from Hong Kong and 55 nautical miles away from Macao. The river is wide and deep. It is an excellent river sea port and a major foreign trade port in the province next only to Huangpu in Guangzhou.

Street history

As a port, Jiangmen can be divided into inner port and outer port. In 1904, when Jiangmen was closed and closed, it was designated as the berthing port for foreign ships "from the southwest corner of Jiangmen town to Wenwu temple, from the east mouth of Jiangmen River to Liyu mountain, and from the west mouth of Jiangmen River to Zhishan village". In other words, the Xijiang River of Beijie, from ChaoLian Zhishan to Waihai Liyu mountain, was the anchorage for foreign ships, and Beijie became a special Chinese port for foreign ships, Hong Kong, Macao and foreign routes Foreign merchant ships berthing at foreign ports. After the opening of Jiangmen port, there were some Asian, European and American merchant ships from the United States, Britain, Denmark and Japan anchoring at Beijie port. In fact, there were foreign ships berthing in Beijie long before the opening of Jiangmen port. In 1882, Liang Qichao took a boat from Xinhui City to Guangzhou to take part in the government test. "The long boat went through the Kuilin on the Jiaan coast, past the noisy Jiangmen port, and then went north to reach the beijiehai with many masts and whistling sirens He cheered at a steamer with a thick black smoke coming from its chimney: "ocean boat! Fire steamer "Dad, look, someone on the fire boat is holding a telescope." (Chen zhanbiao, Chen Xizhong, a generation of wizards, P. 19). It means that there are foreign ships berthing in North Street at this time. In March 1904, Lu lifeI, the tax department of Guangdong Customs, issued the regulations of Guangdong Jiangmen new customs port tariff and shipping (later changed to the regulations of Xijiang trading vessel), which stated that "ships from Hong Kong and Macao to and from Xijiang trading must first pass through Jiangmen or the provincial capital before entering Xijiang. If they pass through Jiangmen first, they must go through Modaomen road and go to shuigangzhou pass of Gongbei pass to report They must also observe the Provisional Regulations of the Communist Party of China for trade in Xijiang, or issue a license and ask for a license from Jiangmen before they can go there. According to this regulation, the navigation and trade of the whole Xijiang River Basin must go through the North Street of Jiangmen or Guangzhou.

Prosperous since ancient times

The shipping of North Street can be divided into freight and passenger transport.

freight transport:

from 1921 to 1925, the average annual import and export tonnage of ships in Tianjin Port was 4.07 million tons, while that of Jiangmen Beijie port was 1.09 million tons, equivalent to 26.7% of Tianjin port.

Passenger transport:

Before the opening of Jiangmen port, there were four passenger and cargo ports in sanshuiguan, Jiangmen, Ganzhu, Zhaoqing and Deqing, but according to records, in 1901, the number of inbound and outbound passengers through Beijie reached 132000, accounting for 75% of the total number of inbound and outbound passengers in sanshuiguan.

tourist

In 1923, the number of inbound and outbound passengers examined by Jiangmen Customs was 653148 (including 740 foreigners), more than 60 times of the permanent resident population in Jiangmen. It was not until 1990 that the number of inbound and outbound passengers at Jiangmen port broke this record.

Port

During the Japanese occupation of Jiangmen, Beijie was also used as a port for outward transportation. However, except for Japanese ships and a few Chinese ships, ships from other countries were not allowed to enter. On June 25, 1946, the Ministry of national defense of the government of the Republic of China designated Jiangmen as a naval base, and the foreign ships in Beijie disappeared. On February 15, 1951, the state imposed a border blockade, leaving only one route to Macao, and the only ships on board were red star 242, etc. In 1952, the number of people entering and leaving the country was only 7422. As a port, Jiangmen can be divided into inner port and outer port. In 1904, when Jiangmen was closed and closed, it was designated as the berthing port for foreign ships "from the southwest corner of Jiangmen town to Wenwu temple, from the east mouth of Jiangmen River to Liyu mountain, and from the west mouth of Jiangmen River to Zhishan village". In other words, the Xijiang River of Beijie, from ChaoLian Zhishan to Waihai Liyu mountain, was the anchorage for foreign ships, and Beijie became a special Chinese port for foreign ships, Hong Kong, Macao and foreign routes The outer port where Chinese merchant ships berth. After the opening of Jiangmen port, there were some Asian, European and American merchant ships from the United States, Britain, Denmark and Japan anchoring at Beijie port. In fact, there were foreign ships berthing in Beijie long before the opening of Jiangmen port.

Customs and North Street

Except for a few hills, Beijie and its adjacent areas, such as ChaoLian, Waihai, dongpaotai, Shuinan and Jiaobei, are all ocean. Since Yuan and Ming Dynasties, a large amount of sediment brought by Xijiang River has been deposited here and gradually turned into land. In 1370, Baishi began to be settled. During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, people built a 3.3-kilometer-long dike in harchong, enclosing 784 mu of beach land into paddy fields. In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), people built a 1.5km long dike in Shuinan, turning 806 mu of River land into cultivated land. That is to say, during this period, the terrain of the North Street became higher, and the villagers in Baishi Township planted mulberry trees on it, and the beach became farmland. Under the pretext that "the land within the boundary of Jianghong, which was given by the treaty signed between China and France on May 28, Guangxu 21, was in violation of the Sino Myanmar treaty signed with Britain on January 24, 2000", the British government demanded the renewal and amendment of the Sino Myanmar treaty. After the negotiation between the two sides, on the third day of the first month of the 23rd year of Guangxu (February 4, 1897), China and Britain signed the supplementary provisions of the Treaty of continued discussion on Myanmar (the author's note: the Sino British Treaty of trade in Myanmar written in Jiangmen City annals, and the supplementary provisions of the Treaty of continued discussion on Myanmar written by Wang Tieya), and the two sides agreed to "transfer the three parts of Wuzhou Prefecture of Guangxi and Guangdong Province" Shuixian county and chengjianggenxu were opened as trading ports to serve as consul's offices, "and" Jiangmen, ganzhutan, Zhaoqing Prefecture, and four places outside Deqing prefecture were opened on the same day as ports for berthing the goods of merchants, which were handled in accordance with the regulations of Yangtze River berthing ports. ". On June 3, 1897, Wuzhou closed the switch; on June 4, Sanshui closed the switch; on June 5, China and Britain exchanged notes on the supplementary provisions of the Treaty of Myanmar. On September 11, Yuehai customs sent a confession agent, Lu Xiang, to Jiangmen with the seal and license issued by the Guangdong tax department, Du Dewei, to select the location of the passenger and cargo port, and rent the land for the construction of customs office and accommodation. when Lu Xiang went to Jiangmen for the site selection, although the place name here was called "beijiekou" (there was a village named beijiecun on the South Bank of the confluence of Jiangmen River and Xijiang River, so the Jiangmen estuary was called beijiekou), there was neither a permanent building nor a street, let alone a foreign merchant living here. On the beach was a mulberry field, with only two or three cottages for farmers to rest and shelter from the rain. Lu Xiang saw that the North Street has a wide river surface, with access to Sanshui and Wuzhou on the upper side, Modaomen on the lower side, Macao on the lower side, Hengmen on the way to Hong Kong, and Jiangmen waterway on the way to Sanbu. Because of its important geographical location and excellent port, he chose this place as Jiangmen's upper and lower port for passengers and goods. He rented a 1.52 Mu East End of beijiekou waterfront from the owner Yang Rongrong at the price of 82 yuan per mu (5 years) About a month later, the upper and lower passenger and cargo ports of Jiangmen were officially opened in North Street. The officers stationed by sanshuiguan office work in these awning houses, and stay in Jiangmen. They are transported to and from work by small fireboats every day. Up to this time, North Street had not been settled.

Being targeted by foreigners

At the beginning of the 20th century, an earth shaking event took place in China: on August 15, 1900, the Allied forces of the eight powers entered Beijing, and Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu left Beijing for a temporary stay in Xi'an. On September 7, 1901, the Qing government sent Yi Zhe and Li Hongzhang as plenipotentiaries to sign the "peace treaty of the sinchou countries" with representatives of Britain, France, Japan, Russia, Germany, the United States, Italy, Austria, Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands in Beijing, which compensated 450 million taels of silver. This is the infamous "peace treaty of the sinchou countries". According to section 11 of the Treaty of Xin Chou, which stipulates that "the treaties on Trade and shipping should be revised again", on January 10, 1902, the Qing government sent the Minister of industry, LV Haihuan, the tax secretary, Pei Shikai, he Bili and dale, the second-class Prime Minister of India, the Deputy Tang Ma Kai of the Indian Affairs Department, the Chinese Affairs counsellor of the embassy, Ge Fen, to supervise the moral administration of laomao company The Chinese and British began negotiations to amend the agreement. After nearly nine months of "marathon" talks, at 10 pm on September 5, 1902, the Sino British Treaty on the continuation of the Treaty on Trade and navigation was signed in Shanghai. Since the British chief negotiator is Mackay, the treaty is also called "Mackay treaty". According to section 12 of section 8 of the Sino British Treaty on continued discussion of trade and shipping, China is willing to open the following ports as trade ports, which are the same as those opened by the treaties of Jiangning (Nanjing) and Tianjin, namely, Changsha in Hunan, Wanxian in Sichuan, Anqing in Anhui, Huizhou in Guangdong and Jiangmen. In this way, Jiangmen, like Guangzhou, Shanghai and Tianjin, has become a port for all countries to sail and trade freely.

The story of place name moving

Since Jiangmen has been opened as a trading port, where is the port chosen? Where is the customs built? On December 19, 1904 (January 6), the Ministry of foreign affairs wrote to the General Department of Taxation: "if Jiangmen is to be used as a trading port, it should be carried out in accordance with the law. It is planned to send the tax department to make preparations for its stationing." It is now a trading port, and is under the jurisdiction of the tax department There is no need for the Department of Taxation of Sanshui to take charge of it at the same time. "It is planned to upgrade Jiangmen up and down the North Street to a port and set up a customs. Actually, it's run by the British

Chinese PinYin : Guang Dong Sheng Jiang Men Bei Jie