Wuzhen, a tourist scenic spot

Wuzhen ancient town

Wuzhen ancient town, once known as Wudun and Qingdun, has a long history of more than 6000 years. It is now a national 5A scenic spot, one of the 20 national golden week scenic spots and six ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River. It is located in the north of Tongxiang City (county-level city) of Jiaxing City (prefecture level city) in Zhejiang Province, adjacent to Nanxun District of Huzhou City in the West and Wujiang District of Suzhou City in the north. It is the junction of two provinces (Zhejiang, Jiangsu) and three cities (Jiaxing, Huzhou, Suzhou).

Wuzhen is a typical water town in the south of the Yangtze River, known as "the land of fish and rice, the house of silk". It has the beauty of Suzhou gardens and the wonder of tuerling meadow.

In 1991, it was rated as a famous historical and cultural city in Zhejiang Province. In 1999, it began the ancient town protection and tourism development project. Although Wuzhen, a famous scenic spot, has experienced more than 2000 years of vicissitudes, it still retains the original style and pattern of the ancient town of water. The wood and stone carvings on the beams, columns, doors and windows are exquisite.

Historical evolution

ancient

About 7000 years ago, the ancestors of Wuzhen lived in this area. At that time, it belonged to the Majiabang culture of the Neolithic age.

In the spring and Autumn period, Wuzhen was the border between Wu and Yue, where the state of Wu stationed troops to guard against the state of Yue. Wuzhen ancient town

In the Qin Dynasty, Wuzhen belonged to Kuaiji County, with Chexi (today's Shihe) as the boundary, Wudun in the west, Wucheng County in the west, Qingdun in the East, Youquan county and Wuzhen divided and ruled. Later, Wuzhen was under the jurisdiction of Huzhou and Jiaxing in Zhejiang Province, or Suzhou in Jiangsu Province.

In Tang Dynasty, Wuzhen was subordinate to Suzhou government. Houliang, belonging to the same, is the land of Wuyue. Later Jin Tianfu five years (940), home Xiuzhou, Qingdun then Jiaxing County Li Xiuzhou.

In the third year of Song Chunhua (992), Wuzhen belonged to Wucheng and lihuzhou. Ten years (1077), he analyzed 5 villages in the west of Jiaxing County, such as Wutong, Yongxin, Qingfeng and so on. They belonged to Qingde village in Qingfeng Village. In the early years of Yuanfeng, there were records of Wudun town and Qingdun town. Later, they were renamed Wuzhen and Qingdun town as taboos of the shunguang sect. Jiading years, the rise of Jiaxing army, Qingzhen then Chongde Li Jiaxing army. In the second year of Baoqing (1226), Huzhou was changed to Anji and Wuzhen to Wucheng county. In the Song Dynasty, the town set up supervisors to control fire and alcohol taxes, and recruited soldiers to practice martial arts to resist bandits.

In 1277, Wuzhen was located in Wucheng County, Huzhou Road, and Qingzhen was located in Chongde County, Jiaxing Road. The town has its capital.

Ming Xuan de five years (1430), analysis of Wutong county's collection, Qianjin, Bao Ning, Qingfeng, Yongxing and Indus six rural Tongxiang County, Qingzhen belongs to Jiaxing, Wuzhen is still Wucheng Li Hu state. This subordination remained unchanged until the Qing Dynasty.

As Wuzhen is the junction of two provinces, three prefectures and seven counties, the public security environment is very complex. Therefore, Zhejiang branch and Jiangsu Zhejiang branch were specially set up in Wuzhen in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which acted as a small town and served as a government office.

modern

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Wu and Qing were still divided. In May 1950, Wuzhen and Qingzhen were finally merged and named Wuzhen, belonging to Tongxiang county and Jiaxing.

modern

In 1991, Wuzhen ancient town was named as a provincial historical and cultural city.

In March 1999, Tongxiang Municipal People's government issued tongzhengfa 1999 (26) document and established Wuzhen ancient town protection and Tourism Development Management Committee.

In 2001, Wuzhen ancient town was listed on the United Nations World Cultural Heritage preparatory list.

In 2002, Wuzhen ancient town passed the double certification of ISO9001 and ISO14001 international quality and environmental management system, and was rated as national AAAA scenic spot.

In 2003, Wuzhen was listed in the first ten "famous historical and cultural towns in China" announced by the Ministry of construction and the Bureau of cultural relics. In the same year, Wuzhen was awarded the "outstanding achievement award of heritage protection in Asia Pacific region" by the United Nations.

In 2005, Wuzhen won the title of "European tourists' favorite scenic spot in China".

In 2006, Wuzhen was included in the "preparatory list of world historical and cultural heritage" after it was included in the "preparatory list of China's world cultural heritage" in 2001.

In 2007, Wuzhen was awarded the title of "China's top ten ancient towns" by the first China Tourism Forum.

In 2008, Wuzhen was rated as a strong tourism town in Zhejiang Province.

In 2009, Wuzhen won the "eco tourism gold medal" of the Asia Pacific Tourism Association, becoming the only Chinese mainland scenic spot to win the award.

In 2010, Wuzhen scenic spot was awarded the title of "national 5A scenic spot" by the National Tourism Administration, becoming the fourth 5A scenic spot in Zhejiang Province after West Lake, Putuo and Yandang Mountain. On April 9, Wuzhen scenic spot was officially awarded the honor of China's AAAAA scenic spot.

In 2014, Wuzhen was designated as the permanent site of the world Internet Conference.

geographical environment

Location context

Wuzhen is located in the north of Tongxiang City, the west of Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal, Huzhou City in the West and Wujiang County in Jiangsu Province in the north. The land transportation has county-level highway Yaozhen line running through the town. Through Yaozhen highway, it can connect with provincial highway Yanhu highway, national highway 320, 318 highway, Shanghai Hangzhou Expressway, Shenjiahu Expressway and Zhajiasu expressway. Wuzhen is 13 km away from Tongxiang City, 27 km, 45 km and 60 km away from Jiaxing, Huzhou and Wujiang, 80 km away from Hangzhou and Suzhou, and 140 km away from Shanghai. The town area is 71.19 square kilometers, and the urban area is 2.5 square kilometers.

Climatic characteristics

Wuzhen is located in the southeast coast, a typical subtropical monsoon climate. Warm and humid, abundant rain, sufficient sunshine, with the characteristics of long spring and short autumn, cold winter and hot summer, warm spring and cool autumn, four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 16.1 ℃. January is the coldest with a monthly average temperature of 3.6 ℃; July is the hottest with a monthly average temperature of 28.1 ℃; the annual average precipitation is 1233.9mm. There are three obvious precipitation periods in the whole year, namely April to may (spring rain), June to July (plum rain), August to September (autumn rain), and snow in winter. The annual average sunshine in Wuzhen is 1842.3 hours. The summer is 64 days, and the autumn is 90 days.

Main attractions

Wuzhen East Gate

The tour distance of Zhongshi and dongzha scenic spots in Wuzhen is up to 2 km, which is composed of dongzha old street, Guanqian Street, Riverside Water Pavilion and corridor shed. From east to west and east to East, there are traditional workshop area, traditional residential area, traditional catering area, traditional shop area and water town custom area.

In the traditional culture area, the main scenic spots include Mao Dun's former residence, Lin's shop, Lizhi academy, Wenchang Pavilion, Xiuzhen temple, shadow play hall, stage, hanlindi, bamboo carving art hall, Jiangnan baichuang hall, yuliuliang coin hall, Huiyuan pawn hall, etc.

Wuzhen west gate

Xizha is composed of 12 small islands, which are connected by more than 60 small bridges. The river density and the number of stone bridges are the highest in China.

In xizha, there are many things with "old foundation" - the old street is several kilometers long, the bluestone road is paved, and half of the houses are carried on the water. There are a few purely hand-made things to see: one is the hand-made sauce workshop, the town's braised dishes taste good, a large part of the credit is due to the self-produced soy sauce. The second is the pig iron pot, which is made by hand. Third, silk. Yida silk was founded in the early years of Guangxu. Tourists can operate it on laodizi's reeling machine.

There are still some folk activities here. After dressing up, the women walk in groups with a pot of medicine, and throw the pot into the river when they cross the bridge, thinking that this can protect them from disease and disaster in the new year. In modern times, the act of throwing medicine cans disappeared, and lantern walking on the bridge evolved into Festival Entertainment and blessing activities.

protective measures

Wuzhen ancient town protection and Tourism Development Management Committee is established by the municipal government to undertake the overall planning, guidance, coordination and management. Wuzhen Tourism Development Co., Ltd. is established under the management committee to undertake the fund raising and operation, the implementation and control of protection and development, and the operation and management of the scenic spot after completion. At the same time, the expert team of Tongji University has also completed the design of architectural surveying and mapping, overall protection planning, detailed planning of historical blocks and restoration construction scheme of key ancient buildings in Wuzhen ancient town.

On September 19, 1999, the mobilization meeting for the first phase of Wuzhen ancient town protection and tourism development project was held. On September 23, Dongshi river began to seal the dam and pump water, and the bank repairing and silt cleaning projects were fully started. On October 14, the first pile of yingjiaqiao restoration project was completed. On November 2, the image of the first phase project's nearly 200 meter model section was presented to welcome the first chrysanthemum festival in Tongxiang City.

On November 17, the second phase of the first phase of the project was launched, including the renovation of wangluge, the north section of Changfeng street, the south section of Changxin street, the west section of Guanqian Street, and the restoration of xiuzhenguan square and Hanlin mansion.

According to the standard of "the most thorough protection, the most complete function, the most beautiful environment and the most scientific management", the second phase protection and development is implemented according to the positioning of the characteristics and functions of the first phase (dongzha) scenic area.

Such practices as repairing the old as before, burying pipelines, excavating local traditional culture, controlling over commercialization, and selecting management and operation mode are all examples of pioneering or successful operation in the protection and development of ancient towns in China, which are praised as "Wuzhen mode" by experts of UNESCO.

Solar term custom

New year's greetings

The first day of the first month of the lunar calendar is the Spring Festival, formerly known as "Chinese New Year", which is the most solemn traditional festival. The day before was known as new year's Eve, commonly known as "New Year's Eve", and the family got together to eat "New Year's Eve dinner". The bride presents her shoes and shoes to her elder, which is called "farewell". The elder gives money to the bride and children, which is called "lucky money". In the evening, there were activities such as worshiping the God of kitchen and so on. On the morning of the first day of the new year, he opened the door to set off firecrackers, burned incense and worshipped the God of heaven,