Hexiwu Town, Wuqing District, Tianjin

Hexiwu town

Hexiwu town is subordinate to Wuqing District of Tianjin. The town covers an area of 70.95 square kilometers, with 71000 mu of arable land, 51 villages and streets, and a population of 40500. The formation and development of Hexiwu completely originated from the canal. For hundreds of years, all dynasties set up official offices here. Thus, this riverside town has gradually become the throat of water transport, the tax collection pass, and the land and water post station. On the high weight of the officials, it is enough to make the superior counties and prefectures look up to the dust, and it is even more unusual for villages and towns to compare.

Hexi affairs originated in the Han Dynasty, rose in the early Yuan Dynasty and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In ancient times, it was a water transport wharf, a tax money pass, and the location of a land and water post station. It is known as "the first town in Jingdong" and "the first post in Jinmen". Hexiwu town covers an area of 70 square kilometers, under the jurisdiction of 51 administrative villages, with a population of 44799 (2017) and a floating population of nearly 10000.

geographical environment

The town is located at the junction of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, 60 kilometers away from Beijing and Tianjin respectively. It is in the hinterland of "great Beijing strategy" and "Bohai Rim Economic Circle", and has unique geographical advantages.

Hexiwu Town, Wuqing District, Tianjin is located between Beijing and Tianjin, at the junction of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. It governs 51 villages and streets, with 44799 people (2017), a floating population of nearly 10000, and an area of 70.95 square kilometers.

Tianjin Wuqing Keweihua economic zone is located in the south of Hexiwu Town, adjacent to national highway 103 in the East. The Beijing Tianjin Expressway to be built passes through the zone from north to south. The planned area of the economic zone is 6.9 square kilometers, with the first phase development of 1 square kilometers. The surface of the area is flat with good geological structure. The economic zone is 60km away from Beijing and Tianjin, 65km away from Beijing Capital Airport and Tianjin Binhai airport, 90km away from Tianjin port, 13km away from the entrance of Beijing Tianjin Tangshan expressway, and other national highways and railways such as Beijing Harbin, Beijing Kowloon, Tianjin Jixi, Beijing Fuzhou, Tianjin Weizhou and Beijing Shenyang Expressway pass through the surrounding areas. The water, land and air transportation is very convenient. Convenient communication, water, electricity and other infrastructure, is the ideal investment treasure for the majority of merchants.

Here is my record of Hexi affairs in the first half of the 1940s:

Hexiwu town is narrow from north to South and long from east to west. From east gate to west gate, it is a main street which is not straight three li away.

There is no city wall in the town. There are eight gates at four intersections. To the North: the gate of Yaowang temple;

To the East: Laoyemiao gate and east gate; to the South: jishikou gate, main gate and wooden gate; to the West: Ximen and xishaomen.

In Yili of the main gate, there are Liudui (the Japanese built a towering lookout tower, the turret), the police station, and some government and business offices.

There are many temples inside and outside the town, such as Yaowang temple, master temple, Chaoyang temple outside the east gate. At that time, the mosque in front of the main gate, the small nunnery Temple inside the wooden city gate, and the Gongde Chan temple outside the xishuo gate were just ruins, which were burned down by the Eight Power Allied forces. There is only one well left in the northeast corner of Liangan temple.

There are also three old big stone bridges on the road leading to the West and south.

There are many shops on the street, such as plaques, brand names, signboards and so on. There are all kinds of shops producing daily necessities. There are also some prosperous scenes in the small town. The second, fourth, sixth and ninth market days are very busy. Many famous shops are still fresh in my mind. They are crowded in the central section of the main street from narrow street to East and from cross street to west. For example: Wanhe, tianlixing, dejuyong, Dechang, zengshengji, yijulong, sanyihe, fuhaiju; Hengyuan Hotel, Yadong hospital, yongyang photo studio in the west of Ziyi street; Lanji pharmacy in the back street. Yihe chengtiepu, the boiler of Hengyuan hotel in xishuomenli.

Historical evolution

Hexiwu is located on the West Bank of the North Canal. It was called Hexiwu at the beginning. It was the place for berthing and repairing ships at the beginning. It was once called "Hexiwu". Later, because the Ministry of household set up a branch here, it became a very famous tax money pass, from which Hexi Wu was officially named, and has been along with each other until now.

As early as the ninth year of Jian'an (204) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei Dynasty, in order to rule Hebei and attack Wuhuan, used three years to dig the famous "Baigou" in history, so as to connect the canals of the north and south of the Yellow River. Since then, the Pinglu canal (ditch, canal are the ancient name of the canal) continued to be dug northward, so that the North-South canal extended to the independent flow of Jinghai in Tianjin, and thus connected with the Haihe River. At the same time of digging Pinglu canal, a canal from Youzhou (now Beijing) to Tianjin was dug. This section of canal meets Pinglu canal in Quanzhou County (the old name of Wuqing) and is named Quanzhou canal. So far, by the hand of Cao Cao, the grand canal system connecting the north and south of China was initially formed. Although Gushui (North Canal) was not brought into the mainstream at that time, it was connected with the water system of the Grand Canal, which created conditions for the formation of population and villages. The origin of Hexiwu should be traced back to this period. After the unification of China in the Yuan Dynasty, the capital of Beijing was established, and the center of political power began to move northward. At that time, most of them had a population of more than 400000, and all the military supplies and civilians were supported by Jiangnan. Therefore, at the beginning of the establishment of the Grand Canal, they began to dredge the whole line of the Grand Canal. In 1270, Kublai Khan, the emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty, adopted the title of Guo Shoujing, the governor of water, and called his husband to work for more than 2.5 million yuan to dig a canal on the ground at the waist of the Grand Canal in the Sui Dynasty. This section of the river starts from Jeju in the South and connects Linqing in the north. By cutting the bend and straightening, the original river was shortened by more than 700 Li at a time, and was named "Huitong River" by the ancestors of the Yuan Dynasty. In 1276, Guo Shoujing proposed to abolish Yongji canal and replace it with the Luhe waterway from Tongzhou to Tianjin. With a little modification, the emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty ordered the construction. This section of the river is called the North Canal. It starts from Sunjiawu in the west of Xianghe city and then flows into Tianjin Haihe River through Hexiwu, Mengcun, caicun and Yangcun. After it was completed in 1280, it was still called Luhe, and it was changed to Beiyunhe in the late Ming Dynasty. In the 29th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1292), in order to make the grain directly enter the capital, the emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty adopted Guo Shoujing's suggestion and started the construction of the Yunliang River from Tongzhou to Dadu city. The campaign took more than a year and employed more than 2.8 million people. Through the above three major projects, the Grand Canal from Beijing to Hangzhou has been reduced to more than 3500 Li, and the real grand canal has been formally finalized.

Since 1280, the North Canal was officially incorporated into the main line of the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal. Due to its unique geographical advantages, Hexi became the capital fortress and the throat of water transportation. In the following hundreds of years, it has been an important city in eastern Beijing with high official power and prosperous material.

Hexi affairs originated in the Han and Wei dynasties, rose in the early Yuan Dynasty and flourished in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Throughout its every step of development, it is closely connected with the canal. Therefore, it is appropriate and no exaggeration to say that the canal is the mother river, which has created Hexi affairs.

In 608 ad, Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty dug the Grand Canal and opened the waterway between Beijing and Hangzhou. Hexiwu got its name because it was close to the West Bank of the canal. After the capital of the Yuan Dynasty was set up in Beijing, the salaries of military supplies were paid to Jiangnan, and Hexi affairs became the throat of the waterway to and from Kyoto. As a result, there were as many as 13 yamen, such as chaoguan, post station and Wubei, set up here by successive dynasties. The highest rank was zhengsanpin, which shows the prominent position. In 1572, Hexi affairs began to build a brick city. In the following hundreds of years, it was known as "the first town in Jingdong" and "the first post in Jinmen" because of its prosperity.

After the founding of new China, the Hexi people, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, after more than half a century of arduous struggle, wrote a new chapter in history with unprecedented achievements. After the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, the town moved to both sides of Beijing Tianjin highway. It is 60 kilometers away from Beijing and Tianjin respectively, just in the middle of the two cities. After more than 20 years of development, Hexiwu has become a new small town. The tide of reform and opening up has promoted rapid economic development. In 2001, the gross domestic product of the whole town was 340 million yuan, the town level fiscal revenue was 1997 million yuan, and the rural per capita net income was 4850 yuan. The economic strength and people's living standard reached a high level. For this reason, Hexiwu has been among the famous towns in Tianjin for many years.

Hexi affairs originated in the Han and Wei dynasties, rose in the early Yuan Dynasty, and flourished in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. In the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Hexi affairs were always under the control of the imperial court and the attention of the king. For hundreds of years, all dynasties set up official offices here. Thus, this riverside town has gradually become the throat of water transport, the tax collection pass, and the land and water post station. On the high weight of the officials, it is enough to make the superior counties and prefectures look up to the dust, and it is even more unusual for villages and towns to compare. Therefore, from the national history and county annals to poetry and classics, there are many records of Hexi affairs. As early as Ming Dynasty, it was known as "the first town in Jingdong" because of its prominent position and prosperous city landscape. In order to enrich the history of the Wu Qing Dynasty and explore the canal culture, this paper collects 20 short articles in the book of Hexi Wu Shuo Gu, collecting and sorting out the historical materials and hearsay related to Hexi Wu from different angles. This attempt, on the one hand, is to accumulate materials and start to lay a foundation for the compilation of Hexiwu Zhenzhi; on the other hand, it is to attract the attention of all parties and listen to the opinions of all parties in order to reduce the mistakes in the compilation; on the other hand, it is to strive for time to provide some useful historical materials as soon as possible in line with the current decision-making, planning and external publicity work.

From the map, Hexiwu is located in the middle of Tianjin and Beijing. It is a famous town. China's famous man-made Grand Canal and Jinjing highway are going south along the East and west sides of the town. In the book Xing Shi Heng Yan, during the Xuande period of Ming Dynasty, he Xiwu was recorded. In the book Yongqing Shengping, the story of Zhang Guangtai, who crossed the river in the Qing Dynasty, is also recorded.

Culture

Every street has its specific name, such as Shangkou Huiying, xishaomen, yandianhou, Ximen, mutoushi, jishikou and Houshi

Chinese PinYin : Tian Jin Shi Shi Xia Qu Wu Qing Qu He Xi Wu Zhen