Tiexi, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province

Tiexi District

Tiexi District, subordinate to Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, is one of the central urban areas of Shenyang City. It is adjacent to Huanggu District and Yuhong District in the north, Liaozhong District in the west, Heping District and Sujiatun District in the East. The total area is 286 square kilometers. By the end of June 2020, the total population of Tiexi District is 1.07 million. Enjoy municipal management authority.

Tiexi District is an old industrial zone in China. On June 9, 2007, the national development and Reform Commission and the Northeast Revitalization Office of the State Council awarded Shenyang the title of "Tiexi old industrial base adjustment and transformation and equipment manufacturing development demonstration zone". In 2008, it was listed as one of the 18 typical areas of China in the 30 years of reform and opening up, and won the United Nations Global livable city demonstration award. In 2009, the industrial development plan of Tiexi equipment manufacturing industry cluster was approved by the national development and Reform Commission. In September 2018, Tiexi District won the top 100 districts of China in 2018.

In 2019, the GDP of Tiexi District will increase by 2%; the general public budget revenue will be 11.86 billion yuan, and the per capita disposable income of urban residents will be 47863 yuan.

Historical evolution

Tiexi District was founded on January 1, 1938, and got its name because it is located on the west side of Changda railway.

The history of Tiexi District can be traced back to the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. In 1958, ancient tombs were discovered in zhengjiawazi, which was under the jurisdiction of Tiexi administration at that time. In 1965, 14 pieces of cultural relics were excavated, including bronze daggers, stone tools, pottery, spinning wheel, net pendant, bronze mirror, complete human bones and complete sets of chariots and horses. After identification, it is more than 2700 years ago. This discovery proves that human activities existed in Tiexi area 2700 years ago.

In 1905, the Japanese built the Military Railway (Anton to Fengtian) in China. In June of this year, the Japanese field railway management department built the Fengtian office area for repairing locomotives on the west side of the terminal (Shenyang station), the first enterprise in Tiexi to use modern machines.

In 1907, Japan established South Manchuria Railway Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as South Manchuria), and changed the "railway land" to "Manchuria Railway subsidiary land". In December 1908, Manchuria Railway designated the "subsidiary land" on the west side of the railway as an industrial zone, and began to plan and plunder the Tiexi District. From the planning of "subsidiary land" to before the September 18th Incident in 1931, Japan invested 29 industrial enterprises inside and outside the "subsidiary land", with a total investment of 36.291 million yen. The industries involved include pottery making, kiln industry, grain and oil processing, machine processing and wool spinning.

After the September 18th Incident in 1931, the Japanese aggressors occupied Shenyang. Shenyang City was changed into Fengtian city again, and the puppet Fengtian municipal office was established. At that time, the west of the railway was still Shenyang County except for its subsidiary land.

In November 1932, the Preparatory Committee for the puppet Mukden urban planning was set up, which took Osaka, Japan as the model for planning, and determined Tiexi area as the Mukden West Industrial Zone. It is planned that the West Industrial Area (non administrative area) under the jurisdiction of Shenyang County will be designated as the West Industrial Area (non administrative area), which starts from the South Manchurian Railway (now Changda), ends at dazegantun (now Weigong Street) in the west, ends at Hunhe in the South and ends at huanggutun (now Shenshan railway) in the north.

In June 1934, the plan of West Industrial Zone was made. At that time, it was planned to start from Anfu street in the East (now the West Road of the second textile factory), Jiaying street in the West (now Xinghua Street), Nanwu road in the South (now Jianshe Road) and Zhongyang Road in the North (now Beisan Road). Within this scope, 46 factories were located for construction, which was the early construction scale of Tiexi. In November of the same year, lanjuntun area of Shenyang County was included in the urban area.

In order to meet the needs of predatory "development and construction", in March 1935, Japan's Manchuria Railway Co., Ltd. and the puppet Fengtian Municipal Office jointly funded the establishment of "Fengtian industrial land Co., Ltd." which was later transferred to the municipal office and changed into "Fengtian Tiexi Industrial Land Management Office", responsible for the planning, construction and land acquisition of Tiexi Industrial Zone. Industrial land Co., Ltd. forcibly purchased farmers' land and fully implemented its plan. Three thousand households in lanjuntun were forced to move to the areas of Xingshun, Qixian and Jingxing south of Wuma road. This is a big move in the history of Tiexi District. At that time, the planning of Tiexi Industrial Zone was bounded by the South Fifth Road (now Jianshe Road), the living area and business area to the south, and the factory area to the north. Tiexi District's urban planning and supporting service facilities are all for industrial production. With Anshan, Fushun, Benxi and other surrounding mineral resources, Shenyang became the center of machinery, arms, aircraft and other heavy industries of Japan in Northeast China during the puppet Manchu period. In order to achieve the purpose of long-term occupation, the Japanese aggressors signed the "agreement between the Japanese and Manchurian governments". Under this agreement, some financial group capitalists in Japan, such as Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Sumitomo and Takakura, came to Tiexi to set up factories or branches, and called Tiexi Industrial Zone "the special force of Osaka capital". The Japanese consortia built a large number of factories in Tiexi, plundering China's resources. At the same time, the Japanese Kwantung Army also used a number of factories for military production to serve the war of aggression.

On September 1, 1937, the puppet Fengtian Municipal Office announced that Fengtian city was divided into 11 administrative districts, including Tiexi District. Tiexi District has jurisdiction over Anfu street in the East (now the small road outside the west wall of the second textile machinery factory), Liaozhong road in the South (now SHENLIAO Middle Road), shoutong street in the West (now Weigong open channel) and Fengshan railway in the North (now Shenshan railway). In the same year, Japan launched an all-round war of aggression against China and basically stopped the planning and construction of Shenyang City. The Japanese aggressors focused on supervising the material production of Tiexi Industrial Zone.

On January 1, 1938, the puppet Fengtian Municipal Office promulgated the "Regulations on the urban area of Fengtian" and established Tiexi District Office, which was the beginning of the establishment of Tiexi District. Under the jurisdiction of Qixian, Xingshun, Jingxing, central, Yingchang, Xinggong, Jiagong, quangong eight divisions. So far, the expansion of Tiexi District was basically completed.

During the period of Japanese occupation, the vast majority of industrial enterprises in Tiexi Industrial Zone were Japanese funded enterprises, and the minority capital industrial enterprises also managed reluctantly in the cracks. According to statistics, by the end of 1944, there were 401 factories in Tiexi District, including 323 Japanese industrial enterprises, more than 80 with an investment of more than one million yen, and 78 national capital industrial enterprises. It can be imagined that the layout of the city and even the factories at that time was designed to speed up the plundering of resources, such as the layout of the factory area in the upwind direction, the railway crossing the urban area, and so on. This pattern lasted for a long time after the liberation, which brought many troubles and hidden dangers to the urban construction and economic development of Tiexi District in the future.

In 1945, the Japanese aggressors surrendered, and the former Soviet Red Army took over the Japanese funded enterprises in Tiexi. In the name of spoils, they demolished the equipment of the factories of the Japanese funded enterprises and transported them away with the raw materials and products left behind. On the 28th of June, 1948, Mitsubishi Machinery Co., Ltd. moved away from the original factory. During this period, more than 160 train skins of the factory machinery, equipment and materials were transported away in six times, resulting in a loss of more than 90 percent. "

In March 1946, the government of the Republic of China took over the industrial enterprises in Tiexi. For various reasons, Tiexi's industry suffered more serious damage, and the factory was basically in a state of shutdown. Shenyang was liberated on November 2, 1948.

During the "first five year plan" period, Shenyang, as an industrial city dominated by machinery manufacturing industry, has become the focus of new China's construction. Tiexi District, where enterprises are highly concentrated, is the top priority. It is said that the state has invested one sixth of its financial resources in this area. Three of the 156 state key projects aided by the Soviet Union are located in Tiexi, including the first machine tool plant, pneumatic tool plant and cable plant, and six key supporting enterprises. More than 40 enterprises have invested more than one million yuan in enterprise transformation, and 12 new large and medium-sized enterprises have been built.

On September 23, 1952, Shenyang invested 12 million yuan to start the construction of "worker's village". The 79 buildings in the first phase of the project were completed in December 1952, with a construction area of 108408 square meters, including 3396 families and single dormitories. There are 5 building groups and 72 three storey brick concrete buildings, with a construction area of 99012 square meters. After the completion of the workers' village, it became the earliest and largest workers' residential area in China at that time, and took the lead in realizing "upstairs, downstairs, electric light and telephone". The street chronicle of the worker's village even records that "high-rise buildings rise from flat ground, there are asphalt roads, willow trees beside the roads, and beautiful flowers in the courtyard."

In 1957, a series of equipment products, such as ordinary lathes, rock drills, gliders, rubber boats and 25 ton tower cranes, were produced here, accounting for 100% of the national share. Therefore, Tiexi District is called "Oriental Ruhr".

By 1984, the profits and taxes paid by Tiexi District were 5.34 times of the national investment, and more than 23000 enterprise builders were successively exported to build more than 500 enterprises nationwide. At this time, there were 520 Enterprises above the municipal level in Tiexi District, including 58 large state-owned enterprises. Most of the state key large enterprises in Shenyang, such as cable factories, smelters, water pump factories, heavy machinery factories, machine tool factories and pharmaceutical factories, were concentrated in this area. Tiexi District has formed a comprehensive industrial zone with machinery industry as the main focus and complete categories of mining heavy equipment, machine tools, general machinery, electronics, steel, non-ferrous metals, standard parts, power equipment, chemistry, rubber, pharmaceutical, food processing, brewing, etc.

From 1980s to 1990s, "northeast phenomenon" began to break out, and Tiexi District encountered unprecedented difficulties in the transformation from plan to market. In 2001, 37 large-scale state-owned enterprises, which once created 350 firsts in the industrial history of the people's Republic of China, earned only 7

Chinese PinYin : Liao Ning Sheng Shen Yang Shi Qu Tie Xi