Dali Town, Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

Dali Town

Dali town is a town under the jurisdiction of Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. It is the location of Dali ancient city, the first batch of national historical and cultural cities. Dali Town, Dali City, is one of the first batch of 24 historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council and one of 44 national scenic spots. Has been rated as the national excellent tourism city.

survey

overview

Dali town is called Ye Yu for short, also known as Zicheng. Its history can be traced back to Tianbao period of Tang Dynasty. Yangju baa city (near the Three Pagodas in the west of today's city) built by Luofeng in Nanzhao Wangge is its new capital. The ancient city was built in the 15th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1382 A.D.), according to the literature, it is "magnificent in scale", with a radius of 12 Li. The city wall is 2 Zhang 5 feet high and 2 Zhang thick. There is a gate in the East, West, North and south, with a tower on it

Do: Tonghai, Cangshan, Chengen, Anyuan; the four corners of the city have turrets, also have their own names: Yingchuan, Xiping, Kongming, Changqing. The outer wall of the city wall is made of brick, with a rectangular spy on the top and a circular ditch on the bottom. There are five streets from south to North and eight lanes from east to west. Of course, most of these buildings have disappeared today, some are still visible, and some of the walls of the north and south cities have been preserved. In 1982, the nanchengmen gate was rebuilt. The character "Dali" at the gate was composed of Guo Moruo's calligraphy.

Dali town covers a total area of 76.48 square kilometers, inhabiting 25 ethnic minorities including Bai, Han, Hui and Yi, with a permanent population of 92000 (2017). The traffic in the town is convenient, with highways extending in all directions, national highway 214, Dali highway and village to village highway crossing the territory, and rural highways crisscross to form a network, realizing the opening to traffic of villages. The communication in the town is smooth, and the telephone penetration rate is more than 95%. There are 27 schools under the town (including 3 junior middle schools with 3616 students; 17 primary schools with 4973 students; 7 kindergartens with 3752 students), and 806 teaching staff. In 2010, the "two basic" work successfully passed the national, provincial, state and municipal acceptance; there are 47 individual medical centers in the town, with 106 employees (including 12 integrated health centers and 68 employees).

Dali town has good location advantage, resource advantage and natural advantage. Dali is an important part of the central city in western Yunnan, which is distributed in and around Dali, the first batch of famous historical and cultural city announced by the State Council. It is the core component of national famous historical and cultural city, national scenic spot, National Nature Reserve, China's excellent tourist city, China's best charming city and National Geopark. Cangshan and Erhai Lake in the jurisdiction form a landscape environment pattern of "one water around Cangshan, Cangshan embraces the ancient city" with vigorous and soft combination, and have the characteristics of "street water, household flower" The traditional ecological landscape and the march street Ethnic Festival of "one street for thousands of years, one street for thousands of years", the ancient city of Dali with nine streets and eighteen lanes, and the famous "Foreigner Street" at home and abroad, as well as 22 places of interest such as the Three Pagodas of Chongsheng temple and Shuai Du Wenxiu's mansion. Among them, there are 2 national cultural relics protection units, 4 provincial cultural relics protection units, 2 state-level cultural relics protection units and 14 municipal cultural relics protection units; there are well-known marble resources and marble culture, pastoral idyllic scenery, profound cultural heritage and ethnic customs in the dam area, which constitute a beautiful and gorgeous natural landscape, which is unique in China and rare in the world Cultural tourism resort is the core area of Dali tourism.

Town culture

The main street runs through the north and south of the city, with green tile roofs on both sides of the street, and houses, shops and workshops are connected, showing a simple style. It is worth mentioning that the typical Bai folk houses are "three rooms, one screen wall" and "four in five patios". The so-called "three rooms and one screen wall" means that each family has a main room. There is a wall on the opposite side of the main room. From afternoon to evening, the sun shines on the wall and then reflects into the courtyard, making the whole courtyard bright. So it is called "Zhaobi". This situation is more obvious in Xiaguan of Fengcheng. In order to avoid the strong wind in the west, the main rooms there are mostly sitting in the West and facing the East. The so-called "four in five patios", that is, there are houses on all sides, four small patios at the junction of the four corners, plus the large patio in the center of the courtyard, a total of five patios.

Decoration is another feature of Bai residential buildings. It attaches great importance to the gatehouse, cornice and angle, and color painting of Dougong. The doors, windows and screen walls are decorated with Jianchuan wood carving, marble, color painting and ink painting. The process is exquisite, fresh and elegant. It can be called first-class in southwest residential buildings.

Dali residents love flowers. There is a saying that "three families have one well and one family has several potted flowers". Most of the houses have flower beds, planting camellia and other flowers and trees. Every year on the 14th of February in the lunar calendar, every family puts their own potted flowers and trees at the door to build a "Flower Mountain" to attract people from all over the world. Because people love flowers, they also name girls after them. "Jinhua" is a good name for Bai girls, and Dali is also known as "hometown of Jinhua". Dali ancient city is simple and quiet. The flowing streams in the city make people feel fresh. The garden tea house hidden deep in the streets is a good place for tourists to rest. The newly opened foreigner street has become a gathering place for foreign tourists. It is a snack with Bai nationality characteristics. The famous "three tea" makes people feel unique.

Xiyun Academy

Xiyun Academy was built in 1873-1875. It was originally the private residence of Yang Yuke, the governor of Yunnan Province. Later, Yang was impeached and his residence was changed into Academy. It is a residential building of Bai nationality, with more than 100 houses, which is grand in scale and magnificent in style. The "tablet of Xiyun academy" preserved in the courtyard, with a full text of more than 5000 words, was written by Yang Yuke, which is of great value to the study of Du Wenxiu's uprising and the history of Dali in the late Qing Dynasty.

There are countless marble stalls on both sides of Dali city street. Marble is named for its origin in Dali. There are 19 peaks in Cangshan Mountain, all of which have marble. The marble is fine and lustrous. Its development and utilization began as far back as Nanzhao in Tang Dynasty.

Development history

brief introduction

Dali, with a long history and splendid culture, is one of the earliest cultural birthplaces in Yunnan. More than 4000 years ago, the ancestors of the Bai nationality lived here. A large number of Neolithic stone knives, axes, pendants and coarse pottery were unearthed from Mt. Malong, Mt. Zhonghe and Mt. lu'e in Haidong. In the Han Dynasty, Dali had contacts with the Central Plains and India as well. It was the "Southern Silk Road" (shushendu Road) transit station from Sichuan to India. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Yeyu County here. In the Sui and early Tang Dynasties, the primitive residents living in Erhai Lake region were engaged in hunting, fishing, planting rice and raising livestock, and had a high level of agricultural production. Large cities such as Taihe, Yangju baa and Dali were built in the west of Erhai Lake, and cities such as Shihe and Shiqiao were built in the south of Erhai Lake. It once became the political, economic and cultural center of Yunnan. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the communication between Dali and the mainland was very close because of the ancient road of Shu. After Zhang Qian's return from the western regions, the report on this passage triggered Emperor Hanwu's ambition to manage the southwest frontier.

Historical evolution

In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (109 BC), the Han Dynasty set up Yeyu, Yunnan, Xilong, Bisu, Hetang, Buwei and other counties under Yizhou Prefecture.

In the early Tang Dynasty, there were six large tribes in Erhai area, which were called "Liuzhao" in history, namely mengshezhao (now in the south of Weishan, also called Nanzhao because it is in the south of Liuzhao), mengluozhao (now in the north of Weishan Yangbi area), dengluozhao (now in Dengchuan of Eryuan), langqiongzhao (now in Jianchuan of Eryuan), shilangzhao (in the northeast of langqiongzhao). Yuexizhao (now Binchuan). In 737, with the support of the Tang Dynasty, mengshe imperial edict conquered the other six imperial edicts, unified the Erhai area, moved its capital to Taihe city (today's Taihe village in Dali), and established the "Nanzhao state". In 779 ad, it moved its capital to baa city of Yangju (today's Dali ancient city). Nanzhao Kingdom passed down 13 dynasties of kings, with a history of 165 years.

In 902 ad, Zheng Maisi, a powerful minister of Nanzhao, seized the political power and established "dachanghe state".

In 927, Jiannan Jiedu envoy Yang ganzhen destroyed "dachanghe state", supported Zhao Shanzheng, an official of Qingping, and established "Da Tian Xing state". Ten months later, Yang shanganzhen abolished Zhao Shanzheng and established "Dayi Ning state".

In 937 ad, Duan Siping, the governor of Tonghai, overthrew the state of Ning in Dayi and established the "Dali State" with the capital of Yangju baa. Dali was handed down to 22 generations of masters, which lasted 316 years.

Cultural relics

Dali has a long history and many cultural relics, which are widely distributed in and around the ancient city of Dali. They take the ancient city as the center, along the foot of Cangshan Mountain and the shore of Erhai Lake. Dali city has identified 50 key cultural relics protection units of different levels. The ancient city of Dali, built in 1382 A.D. and completely preserved to the present day, has a beautiful environment, simple and elegant style, and is full of business. It has become the main carrier of local history and culture, and the Three Pagodas of Chongsheng temple, a national key cultural relic protection unit And other cultural relics throughout the Tang (Nanzhao), song (DALI), yuan, Ming, Qing and Republic of China and other historical periods.

geographical environment

geographical position

Dali town is located in the west of Dali City, 13 kilometers away from the state and municipal government. It is adjacent to Erhai Lake in the East, Xiaguan town in the south, Cangshan Shengying, Malong, Yuju, Longquan, Zhonghe, Xiaocen and yingle in the west, and Yinqiao town in the north.

Dali town is located between 25 ° 39 ′ 01 ″ - 25 ° 44 ′ 09 ″ north latitude and 100 ° 05 ′ 06 ″ - 100 ° 12 ′ 26 ″ east longitude, across 7 ′ 06 ″ longitude and 5 ′ 08 ″ latitude. It is inclined from west to East, with high terrain in the West and low terrain in the East, and gentle terrain in the middle and East. The highest altitude is 4122 meters of Malong peak, with an average altitude of 2010 meters. climate

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Da Li Bai Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Da Li Shi Da Li Zhen