Guichao Town, Funing County, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province

Guichao town

Guichao town is located in the southeast of Funing County, Yunnan Province. The government of Guichao town is 37 kilometers away from the county. It is connected with Gula in the East, Longhe and Dingye townships and Chengxiang town in Napo, Guangxi in the south, banlun Township in the west, Dongbo and zhesang in the north, and national highway "323" and puting river. It is an important channel from Yunnan to Liangguang and coastal areas.

On May 26, 2020, Guichao town was selected into the list of strong agricultural towns in 2020.

geographical environment

Guichao town is located in the southeast of Funing County, between 105 ° 45 ′ - 106 ° 01 ′ E and 23 ° 28 ′ - 23 ° 43 ′ n, with Gula Township in the East, Longhe and Dingye townships and Chengxiang town in Napo County in Guangxi in the south, banlun Township in the west, Dongbo Township and zhesang Township in the north, national highway 323, Guangzhou Kunming high speed highway and Yunnan Guangxi railway under construction. It is an important link from Yunnan to Guangdong, Guangdong and coastal areas Avenue. The town government is 30 kilometers away from the county.

The total area of the town is 520 square kilometers, with cold and cool stone mountain area, warm earth mountain area and low hot valley area each accounting for one third. The highest altitude is 1067 meters (dengmaokangda mountain), the lowest altitude is 470 meters (Jiuzhai pingguan), the average temperature is 21 ℃, the annual sunshine is 1919 hours, and the average annual rainfall is 1020 mm. There are five rivers in puting River, Lihu River, Jiajie River, Mengcun River, Baiyou River and Jiajie reservoir, which is known as the "land of fish and rice". Economic fruits mainly include star anise, tung oil tree, Camellia oleifera, orange, peach, plum, pear, grape, watermelon, almond, etc.; mineral resources mainly include gold, manganese, iron, titanium, etc. The town mainly around agriculture, forestry, livestock, electricity four pillar industries to drive economic development.

In 2007, the total agricultural output value was 84.85 million yuan, the total fiscal revenue was 12178767 yuan, the total grain output was 13.6 million kg, the per capita grain output was 337 kg, and the per capita net income was 1270 yuan.

history

At the end of Tang Dynasty and the beginning of Song Dynasty, Guichao and Jieshao were set up. During the reign of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, tufuzhou was transferred to Guichao. Shen Tusi once developed more than 3000 families in the market town and ruled for more than 600 years. Jiuzhai village under its jurisdiction is the seventh village among the seven villages and Jiunong mountain area. It was once one of the centers where the red army opened up guerrilla bases in Yunnan Guizhou Guangxi border area in 1930s. According to legend and natural characteristics, there are eight scenic spots in Guichao and its surrounding areas, namely, Longquan gushing blood (longtoujing), xiangbijuan Lake (old street), Yuzhu wandiao (old street), Shitai Wangyue (Molong), Gaopo Qingfeng (gaofengpo), Yanhe drizzle (Yanhe), jinyintongyun (houlongshan), bainiaojiang (Lida niaojiang), and green and lush almond trees along puting river The graceful Phoenix tailed bamboo, the beautiful and quiet fields, and the elegant and simple bamboo buildings constitute the unique rural scenery of the Zhuang family.

Population nationality

The town governs 15 village committees and 341 village groups, inhabiting Zhuang (70.9%), Han (14%) and Yao (15.1%). Han, Zhuang and Yao nationalities live in the dam area, with a permanent population of 45584 (2017); the dam area is a mixed area of nationalities, with scattered population living in remote mountainous areas, different ethnic customs and cultures, and various types of ethnic costumes. The main ethnic festivals include March sanlongduan street, July and half Ghost Festival, etc. Up to now, there are still cultural relics with strong Zhuang culture brand, such as the site of shentusi and the ancient battlefield of Zheyaoshan, as well as complete Zhuang architecture, daily life and customs. It is an important part of the "Zhuang customs tourism belt" determined by the Chinese Zhuang rice culture and scientific research base and Wenshan state party committee and government.

By the end of 2007, there were 8759 households and 41343 people in the town, of which 86% were ethnic minorities.. Guichao has abundant natural resources and beautiful mountains and rivers. You can enjoy the only natural landscapes in tropical karst landforms, such as peak forest, isolated mountain, stone bud and karst cave. There are six original natural wonders in Guichao: Longquan gushing blood (longtoujing), xiangbijuan Lake (old street), yuchiwandiao (old street), Shitai Wangyue (Molong), Gaopo Qingfeng (Gaopo), jinyintongyun (houlongshan). Cultural heritages can be explored, such as the ancestral hall of Shen's Chieftain with hundreds of years of history, the ancient battlefield of Zhiyao mountain and the site of Youth Association. We can trace the red road of the old generation of proletarian revolutionaries when they founded the guerrilla base in Yunnan Guizhou Guangxi border area. In the "seven villages and nine Nong red area", the seventh village, Jiuzhai village, has left countless revolutionary martyrs. You can taste the famous star anise, green tea and other specialties, and enjoy the thousands of miles of terraced fields along the puting river. Guichao is a paradise for the Zhuang people in Funing.

Guichao is one of the birthplaces of Zhuang culture in Yunnan Province. The eight Zhuang language branches have their own characteristics. The stone titanium unearthed from Longyue village proves that there was a rice culture in the Neolithic age. For more than 4000 years, the returned Zhuang people, who have been honed by imperial autocracy, imperial rule, anti imperialism and anti feudalism, and liberation revolution, are still living in villages and villages. In their production and life, they have created and accumulated a set of unique and rich material culture and spiritual culture, which have been handed down from generation to generation The main symbols are folk songs, religious culture marked by "Mo" and "Ji bu". These "living" cultural heritages not only have profound connotation, complete development and self-contained system, but also are mysterious, novel and enduring. They cover all aspects of the social production and life of the returned Zhuang nationality. They are the soul of the material culture and spiritual culture of the Zhuang nationality.

Warm and simple folk customs, lively and soft folk songs, vivid and interesting Zhuang dialect, passionate "LONGDUAN Street", religious temple fair Guichao is an all embracing and colorful art treasure house, which is an important chapter of the splendid ancient culture of the Zhuang Nationality from Funing to Yunnan.

folk custom

"Na" culture

The meaning of "Tian" in Zhuang language is often found in folk songs, essays, Taoist books, contracts and other manuscripts. The Zhuang Nationality in Funing is a rice farming nationality and likes to live in Shuitou. Their production and life are closely related to "Na". For example, the traditional festival LONGDUAN Festival is mostly held in the fields near the village, the Zhuang Folk Literature "snail girl" (later changed to "snail girl") is based on the fields, and the famous Zhuang dance "straw dance" (also known as straw dance) is originated from the mutual play in the field.

Zhuang people make according to "Na", depend on "Na" to eat, and depend on "Na" to enjoy. The rice culture based on "Na" gave birth to the Scripture of the source of rice seeds, the legend of the ox King coming to the world, and the natural God roots such as the God of rice and the God of Tianba, which is called "Na" culture. Of the 2595 natural villages in the county, 327 were named after "Na", accounting for 12.6%. Rice culture is well-developed in the areas inhabited by the Zhuang nationality, and the rice culture embodied in the place name is the most famous. In Guichao Town, there are nearly 30%. The names of "Na / Na" (paddy field), "ban / PAN / ban / Han" (Village), "bu" (spring), "Nan" (water, river), "Ba / Ba" (Shishan), "Luo / Lu / Luo" (Valley), "Dong / Dong" (Kuan Guang Tian BA) and other words in each village are all testimony to the development of ancient Zhuang rice culture. Guichao town can be called "Na" culture of Zhuang Nationality in Funing County It's an important birthplace of China.

Baiyue Ganlan

"Lan" means "building" and "home" in Zhuang language, also known as "Gan Lan". Since ancient times, the people of the Zhuang Nationality in the Guichao Dynasty have been famous for building "Hurdles" to live in. According to the biography of Liao in the book of Wei, it is called Ganlan, whose size depends on the number of family members Why build "Hurdles"? "The old book of Tang Dynasty" said that it was due to the "local miasma, poisonous grass, sand lice, locusts and snakes" in the mountains. It can be seen that the hurdle building was created by Zhuang ancestors to adapt to the hot and humid climate and to deal with the invasion of poisonous snakes and beasts. Today's railings are mostly three storeys with four eaves tiles. They are usually used to store grain on the top floor, with people living in the middle, farm tools and livestock on the bottom floor. There are three or five rooms as a building, and ear rooms, attics and Baoxia groups as a set. Every family has watchtowers and drying rafts. The leaders of the Zhuang Nationality in the past dynasties were canonized by the central government as kings, Marquises, chieftains or dignitaries. The Guanqiu buildings in the past dynasties were arranged in a series of linked columns, which were more comfortable, safe and elegant. Located in Guichao Town, the ancestral hall of Shen's chieftain in Jiuzhou is a model. Its ingenious layout and powerful momentum are the perfect embodiment of Zhuang architectural style.

Flavored glutinous food

The two most distinctive local glutinous foods in Guichao are "Jinnuo" and "Jixi". "Jinnuo" means "glutinous rice" in Zhuang language, and "Jinxi" is a kind of glutinous rice sweet food made by Zhuang nationality.

Economics

Agriculture

The effective irrigation area is 796 hectares, and 18000 kg of improved varieties are sold; the planting area of crops is 73512 mu, and the main crops are 2251 mu of oil, 3772 mu of sugarcane, 9526 mu of vegetables (215 mu of Nanyang pepper and 300 mu of sweet pepper), 5436 mu of fruits, 6250 mu of tung oil, 6350 mu of rape and 18765 mu of star anise. 13121 mu of improved varieties, 4105 mu of high-quality rice, 1215 mu of high-quality corn and 13650 mu of computer agriculture will be promoted. There are 19057 large livestock in stock and 4324 out of stock, with a stocking rate of 22%; there are 31502 live pigs in stock and 16456 out of stock, with a stocking rate of 14%.

In 2006, the total income of rural economy in the town was 59.04 million yuan, including 1962 yuan of planting income, accounting for 33.23%; 12.51 million yuan of animal husbandry income, accounting for 21.18%; 220000 yuan of fishery income, accounting for 0.4%; 4.55 million yuan of forestry income, accounting for 7.7%; and 14.6 million yuan of secondary and tertiary industry income

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Wen Shan Zhuang Zu Miao Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Fu Ning Xian Gui Chao Zhen