Bingma Township, Longyang District, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province

Bingma Township

Bingma township is a typical agricultural township in mountainous area. It is located in the southeast of Longyang District, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province. It borders Datianba town and Kejie town of Changning County in the East, Xiyi town in the south, Hanzhuang town in the West and Wadu town in the north. It is about 25 km long from north to South and 21 km wide from east to west, with a total land area of 219.16 square kilometers. There are 13 village committees, 2 communities, 96 natural villages and 145 villager groups in the township. There are 9 general Party branches, 51 party branches and 106 party groups with 1096 party members. At the end of 2015, there were 7805 households with a total population of 26580 (in 2017) and 18 ethnic minorities. The highest altitude is 2383m at the top of Chaoshan mountain in agongtian village, and the lowest altitude is 1050m at the intersection of Donghe River and Shasha river. It has a three-dimensional climate with an average annual temperature of 17.5 ℃ and an average annual rainfall of 850-1290 mm. It is suitable for the growth of crops such as Bingma rice, citrus, sweet persimmon and high-quality flue-cured tobacco. There are two small rural market towns, Bingma and Taihe, which catch up with the market every four days.

Introduction to geography

Most of Bingma Township belongs to mountainous area, the terrain in the northeast is slightly higher than that in the southwest, and the terrain in the middle is low. There are 9 mountains in the territory, including bodaoshan, pinglingzi, yangjiashan, sigeshan, Dashan, Chaoshan and ligudashan. The highest mountain is Chaoshan, with an altitude of 2383 meters; the lowest mountain is the intersection of bijiazhai River and Donghe River, with an altitude of 1051 meters. Among the mountains are xiaotianba, Bingma, Wenyu, Baiyu and other Xiaobazi.

human geography

Bingma township is named after Bingma street, where the township government is located. Bingma street is a large trade fair at the junction of Longyang and Changning counties. It was built in 1846 of the Qing Dynasty. Because the first word of "Bingwu" is "C", and because the local area is rich in bamboo hemp, it is named "Bingma". Bingma Township, taiheli in Ming Dynasty, belonged to bingliyi of Baoshan County in Qing Dynasty, and canglian Township in 1940. In 1953, it belonged to 11 districts and was called Bingma township. In 1956, it was set up in Bingma district. In 1958, it was called Bingma commune. Bingma district was set up in 1984. Since 1987, the district has been withdrawn and the township has been built. It has jurisdiction over xinnanwo, laonanwo, Taihe, Xiaozhai, agongtian, Huilong, Kuige, Bingma, Hexi, Xiuling, Wenyu, Hexin, Baiyu, Dieshui, shangmiao, etc. Bingma township is a mountainous area, and its topography is similar to a leaf of Begonia. The terrain is slightly higher in the northeast and lower in the southwest, with a pot bottom shape. There are nine peaks in the territory, such as bodaoshan, sigeshan, Yangshan, Chaoshan and ligudashan. Most of them are north-south. The highest is Chaoshan, with an altitude of 2883 meters; the lowest is the intersection of Shasha River and Donghe River, with an altitude of 1050 meters. Among the mountains are xiaotianba, Bingma, Wenyu, Baiyu and other Xiaobazi. The surface is red, yellow and black clay, most of which are short of phosphorus and potassium.

Resource introduction

natural resources

Bingma township is rich in resources, which can be divided into natural mountain water system, phenological climate, soil resources, forest mineral resources. Bingma township is located at the end of Nushan mountain. The surface is mostly dry red loam, most of which are short of phosphorus and potassium. There are red, yellow and black clay and weathered sandstone landform in between. The karst rock in four mountains is exposed more often. There are 9 mountains in the territory, including bodaoshan, pinglingzi, yangjiashan, sigeshan, Dashan, Chaoshan and ligudashan. Most of the mountains are north-south, with three main veins: one is bodaoshan yangjiashan sigeshan in the west, one is Chaoshan haobalin Dashan in the middle, and the other is Daqingshan shiyakou ligudashan in the East. Bingmakan and xiaotianba are respectively embedded in these three mountains. after flowing through buma of Xiyi Township, Donghe River enters from the southwest side of guomashui of bingmahe new village, crosses the south side of bingmahbazi from east to west, flows to Yangtian village of Hexin village, sneaks into the ground, and then gushes out from the dam foundation of Bingma power plant. 1.3km to the East of Bingma power plant joins bijiazhai River and flows eastward into KUKE river of Kejie township of Changning County, with a flow length of about 16km. Bingma river originates from Wadu township. A tributary enters from Xiuling and a tributary enters from Hexi. It intersects in Bingma village, with a flow length of 11 km. Bijiazhai river originates from Sancha River in Sanping of Wadu Township, runs through the northeast of Bingma Township from north to south, and flows through Huilong, Kuige and other villages to meet with Donghe River, with a flow length of about 22.5 km. Shasha river originates from Datianba township of Changning County, with a runoff of about 5.3 km. It is the boundary river between Longyang District of Baoshan and Changning County. In addition, there are a number of small rivers such as Wenyu River, xiaolangba River, baisashui River and Dazhai river. There are abundant springs in the territory, among which the larger ones are Wenyu cold spring, Xiuling hot spring, Dashu Wazi cold spring, wazizhai cold spring and laoxiantian cold spring. Since 1978, the construction of water conservancy facilities has been restored. In the north, there is shagouqiao reservoir, which can store 2.5 million cubic meters of water, Qingshuitang reservoir, Pojiao reservoir, etc., with an effective irrigation area of more than 17000 Mu and fish farming; in the southwest, there is bingmagou, 26.8 km long, which flows through five villages, including Baiyu, Hexin, Bingma, Xiuling, Hexi, etc., and can irrigate more than 7000 mu of grain fields, as well as other water conservancy facilities, such as dieshuidagou, etc., which have improved agricultural production The conditions have laid a solid foundation for increasing agricultural production and income. Donghe gorge has a municipal Bingma power plant with an installed capacity of 5000 kW, which is connected to Baoshan, Changning, Shidian and other places.

Phenological climate

In Bingma Shasha River Basin, laonanwo in the middle and lower reaches of bijiazhai River, Xinnan, Kuige and shangmiao riverside areas, grain crops were sown and harvested about 30 days earlier than Baoshan Bazi. In Bingma Bazi, there are Bingma, Hexin, Baiyu and Dieshui, about 15 days earlier than Baoshan Bazi. Wenyu, Xiuling, Hexi, Taihe and Xiaozhai are basically the same as Baoshan Bazi, while Huilong and agongtian are the same Because of the high altitude and low temperature, the harvest season is delayed. For rice planting, bingmabazi sows rice seedlings before Qingming Festival, which ends in late April and can be harvested at the end of July and early August; for wheat planting, bingmabazi sows wheat in November, the next spring, the southeast frost free mountain area sows wheat in September, and the next March to April harvest. For grain planting, except for agongtian and other high and cold mountain areas, other villages generally sow wheat in May and harvest wheat from September to October . Bingma township has a three-dimensional climate with moderate rainfall but uneven distribution. 70% of the rainfall is concentrated in July, August and September. A part of agongtian and Huilong villages and Wenyu, Hexi and Xiuling villages above 1800 meters above sea level are alpine mountainous areas; bingmabazi and its southeast are temperate to subtropical transitional climate, among which Donghe gorge, the middle and lower reaches of bijiazhai River and sand river are subtropical climate. The maximum temperature is 32 ℃, the minimum temperature is 2 ℃, the annual average temperature is 16 ℃, the annual rainfall is 850-1290 mm, the frost free period is 224-260 days, and the annual average sunshine is 2270.5 hours.

Soil resources

The distribution of soil in different dam areas of Bingma township is as follows: Bingma dam and xiaotianba dam are silting soil structure, and the groundwater in Bingma dam is rich, and the water level is not too deep. Therefore, heinitian in Bingma village, Dahei pine forest in Hexin village and azhengzhai in Baiyu village all have different degrees of soil collapse. There are Hexi, Xiuling, Wenyu and other administrative villages in the northwest. Most of them are sandy soil structure landforms. In addition to the thick soil layer between the flat land, the four mountains are rich in sand and stone, which contains a longitudinal gray clay from north to south. It is a good material for the development of soil. The soil made of this material has been immortal for a hundred years. There are many karst cliffs in the southeast mountainous area, and the terrain fluctuates greatly. The so-called "land is not three feet flat", especially the Donghe gorge in Bingma power plant section. The cliffs on both sides are tens of feet high, and even monkeys can't pass through in some places. The mountainous area in Southeast China is characterized by its towering peaks, vertical and horizontal canyons, different days and four seasons. Therefore, the transportation between these places and the outside world is very arduous, and disasters such as debris flow and landslide occur frequently.

Mineral resources

There is no detailed survey data of mineral resources. Only from the gradual development since 1978, it can be known that the reserves of the coal mine located in xiaozhaiba, Kuige village and Bingma hongzhuanchang coal mine are very limited; a copper mine with very small reserves is found on the northeast slope of Bingma power plant, which has low chemical grade and has not been mined; coal seams are found in dieshuiliugou and other places and have not been mined. There is an ochre red stone bed in the washutanggou part of Xiaozhai village. The stones are not only used as sharpening stones, but also used as firestones for iron smelting furnaces. They are extremely resistant to high temperature.

Animal and plant resources

According to the detailed land survey data of Bingma Township in 1995, the forest area is more than 220000 mu, and the coverage rate is 68.9%. Except for the small village, laonanwo, Xiuling and other villages, most of the timber is exported. There are several thousand mu of Pinus yunnanensis in Yangshan aerial seeding area and four mountain aerial seeding areas. There are more than 3000 mu of Eucalyptus globulus planted along Baoshan Bingma Taihe highway. On the whole, there are more than 70000 mu of mountain closure and afforestation protection areas in the whole township. The more precious tree species in the territory are Toona sinensis, birch, camphor, etc. There are more than 20 kinds of orchids, and the population growth advantage of lotus petal is the highest in the city. There are more than 100 kinds of wild medicinal materials, including Wuyu, eucommia, Gastrodia elata and Paris polyphylla. More than 30 kinds of birds such as Silver Pheasant, golden pheasant, partridge, turtledove and thrush live in the forest, and more than 10 kinds of mammals such as leopard, muntjac, musk deer, pangolin, hedgehog, wolf, wild cat and small local dog are found in the deep mountains and dense forest. in bingmachangwa, Bijia, Awang village and other places, there is a sea of forests with a forest coverage rate of 80%. Monkeys often jump around lianziqiao and Tianshengqiao

Chinese PinYin : Yun Nan Sheng Bao Shan Shi Long Yang Qu Bing Ma Xiang