Xiaocun Township, Xianfeng County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province

Small village

Xiaocun Township, located in the northwest of Xianfeng County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province, is 60 kilometers away from the county seat, with a land area of 226 square kilometers. It is an area inhabited by ethnic minorities and an old revolutionary base.

From the Yuan Dynasty to the middle of Ming Dynasty, Xiaoer village belonged to the chieftain of weijindong, Shizhou, Huguang. In 1571, it was changed to the chieftain of Tangya. In 1735, it was transferred to lizhongli, Xianfeng County, Shinan Prefecture. Sanhe township was built in 1940 and Xiaocun township was built in 1996.

It has been awarded the titles of "national beautiful environment township", "Hubei ecological home construction demonstration township", "Hubei oolong tea township", "China chicken leg Atractylodes macrocephala township" and other advanced units, and has been included in the list of demonstration construction of strong agricultural towns.

Historical evolution

Tusi period

Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, belong to Huguang Shizhou weijindong Tusi. In 1570, the fourth year of Longqing, Qin Bi, the Tushe of Jindong, rebelled. Qin Zhu, the Tusi officer of Tangya, was transferred to the army. After the rebellion was put to an end, the imperial court awarded the two villages to Tangya.

the Qing dynasty

In the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735) of the Qing Dynasty, the land was changed to Liuliu, and the big and small villages were assigned to Xianfeng County, the new Nanfu County, which belongs to lizhongli. There are yanziyan, Dacun, Xiaocun, Lizixi and other four gathering places. There is a bashui temple in Dacun.

Dacun market town was established in Qianlong period, named "yongxingchang"; Xiaocun market town, located at the foot of rentou mountain and the Bank of Nanhe River, opened around 1800. At that time, four or five families, surnamed Liu and Wang, built Wanshou Palace and Yuwang Palace on XiaoShanBao, and started trading with temples, named "yongtaichang". During the Xianfeng Period, yongxingchang was renamed as Dacun and yongtaichang as Xiaocun.

The Republic of China

During the period of Northern Warlords, Xianfeng County was also protected by gentry training regiments, with 36 regiments. Xiaocun and Lizixi belonged to 31 regiments and Dacun to 25 regiments. In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), Nie zhenwa led the people to fight against the northern and southern warlords. He called himself "the emperor of the state of Qi" and "Hexing" in Jianyuan. He posted notices all over the place. When the southern army retreated from the small village in blue sky, he found a notice with the words "hexingyuan year". Under Nie zhenwa's Department, there are so-called national divisions, generals and Duwei. Yang daofen, general manager of Xianfeng County regiment and acting County governor, was defeated in both expeditions. Later, Wang Zhanyuan, governor of Hubei Province, sent brigade commander Wang Duqing to lead his troops to destroy him.

In 1933, the whole county was divided into different districts. The big and small villages were jointly protected, belonging to Qingshuitang district office.

In 1940, the county was divided into 15 townships with Sanhe Township, which governs Dacun, Xiaocun, Lizixi, zhongxinchang and so on.

New China

In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, it belonged to the fifth, sixth and eighth districts, and was changed to the Fourth District in 1956. Hongxing people's commune was established in 1958. In 1961, it was restored to a small village district with jurisdiction over four people's communes, namely, small village, big village, central field and Lizixi. In 1975, the district was withdrawn and established as a small village people's commune.

The old streets of small villages and towns are narrow and curved, so they are moved to the new streets 200 meters away. In 1975, Qingshuitang Xiaocun highway was built.

In 1996, small villages and townships were built.

Geography

Location

Xiaocun township is located in the northwest corner of Xianfeng County, Hubei Province. It is connected with Qingping town and Jianshan Township in the southeast, Shaxi township of Lichuan City in the northwest, Maoba town of Lichuan City and Huangjindong township of Xianfeng County in the northeast, Maliu stream, known as "the last Shangri La in the middle", and huolongping Township in the southwest.

terrain

The terrain inclines from northwest to Southeast. The mountain belongs to Wuling Mountain. Renren mountain is the boundary mountain of Lichuan and Xianfeng, with a main peak of 1420 meters and an area of about 3 square kilometers. Leiying mountain is located in weilonggou, yixianfeng and Lichuan boundary mountain, with an altitude of 1651 meters. The karst landform of the township is obvious. Located in Tianba village, damadong is 4654 meters deep, about 3 meters high and 4 meters wide, with a volume of 110000 cubic meters. It is the largest karst cave in the territory. The entrance of the Red Army cave is 25 meters high, 5 meters wide and 200 meters deep.

climate

Xiaocun rural area is a monsoon mountainous area with mild and humid climate. There is no severe cold in winter, no severe heat in summer, hot rain in the same season, and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature is 18 ℃, the average temperature in January is 2.8 ℃, the average temperature in July is 24.8 ℃, and the annual rainfall is 1717mm. The precipitation from April to October accounts for 83-90% of the annual rainfall. The average annual sunshine hours are 1212.4 hours, the sunshine rate is 27%, and the maximum frozen soil depth is 40mm.

soil

Xiaocun township is rich in products, fertile land, yellow brown sand mud soil, thin slope soil, gentle hillside section, flat soil layer is deep, with an average of more than 80-100 cm, loose soil surface, acid, pH value of 5.16-5.73. Soil organic matter was 28.5-42.9g/kg, nitrogen was 1.23-1.96g/kg, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen was 134.8-198.4mg/kg, available phosphorus was 7.5-12.5mg/kg, and available potassium was 75.0-147.5mg/kg. There are 3644.7 hectares of cultivated land, including 1605.08 hectares of paddy field and 2039.62 hectares of dry land, mainly producing rice and corn; economic crops include tea, peanut, lacquer, etc., tea garden covers an area of 20000 mu, peanut covers an area of 2000 mu, lacquer covers an area of 700 hectares; Chinese medicinal materials include Atractylodes macrocephala, Fritillaria, Gastrodia elata, etc., with a total area of 60000 mu.

hydrology

The largest river in the territory is Nanhe River, which flows into Wujiang River. The Guanzi River, which originates from the shiyanba of Dacun village, flows from the northwest to the southeast. The riverbed is 50-60m wide and 62.5km long. There are more than 30 streams and gullies, half of which often have water. As the local saying goes, "it's hard to get into two villages, big and small. There are seventy-two water conservancy drills and three water conservancy drills." That is to say, there are many rivers and ditches in the territory.

administrative division

It governs 13 administrative villages, including Xiaocun, Yangti, tudixi, Limu, shuishanping, Dacun, Tianba, Weilong, Lizixi, Baiguo, Xinglonggou, zhongxinchang and xiaolabi, and 88 villager groups. The total population of the township is 21309 (in 2017), with a natural population growth rate of 4 ‰. There are tu, Miao and other ethnic minorities, accounting for 98% of the total population.

Population nationality

In addition to the Han nationality, there are 12 ethnic groups, including Tujia, Miao, Dong and Hui.

In 1984, there were 4201 households and 18114 people in Xiaocun commune, including 7797 Miao people and 7683 Tujia people.

In 2000, there were 5795 households and 21393 people in the township, of which 94.8% were ethnic minorities.

The Tujia people in this township have the surnames of Qin, Huang, Qin and Zhang. The Huang family is the descendant of the Huang family of the Changpu chief under the jurisdiction of the Tangya chieftain, and the Qin family is the descendant of the Qin family of the huolongping chief under the jurisdiction of the Tangya chieftain. The Bai surname of the Miao nationality originated in Sinan County, Guizhou Province. In 1746, its ancestors came to live in Dacun and later called it miao'erxi. At the beginning, they changed their surname to "Bai" because of the lingering fear. Until the Republic of China, the Bai surname was restored.

natural resources

Botany

The forest coverage rate is over 90%. The total area of woodland is 14126 hectares, accounting for 63% of the total land area. Among them, there are 14000 hectares of woodland, 80 hectares of open woodland, and 700 hectares of shrubbery. The main timber species are Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata. There are national protected plants such as Taxus, Phoebe and Metasequoia glyptostroboides.

Recently, the forestry expert group of Enshi Prefecture discovered a variety of ancient tree communities in the investigation of the primary forest of chayoutai in zhongxinchang village of Xiaocun township. Experts said that these ancient tree communities are very rare and are "treasures" of forestry and environmental protection research. These ancient trees are Ginkgo biloba, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Houli, Yaowang, nanmu, etc. most of them are over 500 to 1000 years old, with a distribution area of about 200 mu. Among them, there are more than 30 Cunninghamia lanceolata trees as high as 40 meters. Cunninghamia lanceolata, Houli tree and Yaowang tree are the best materials for building houses. These tree species are not included in the protected tree species, and can still be preserved in the original state in the residential areas, which is rare in China. Expert analysis, this is the local residents ahead of the environmental awareness to save this primeval forest.

It is understood that in order to further protect this ancient tree community, the county forestry bureau has formulated relevant protection measures, and applied to the higher authorities for the upgrading of the reserve to jointly protect these ancient tree communities, Ginkgo biloba, a state-level protected plant in this forest, and a number of national rare protected animals.

animal

There are more than 100 species of wild animals, including 5 species of first-class national protected animals such as flying tiger and Swertia deer, and nearly 20 species of second-class national protected animals such as macaque, pangolin, civet cat, civet, badger, porcupine and Caragana. There are also abundant freshwater fish in the river, including yellowbone fish, wheatfish and rock climbing loach.

Mineral deposits

There are rich treasures in the territory, and high-grade selenium resource deposits have been found. Coal, barite, marble, calcite, copper, kaolin and other eight kinds of ore are D-grade reserves.

Economic overview

In 2012, the gross national product of the township was more than 60 million yuan, including 35 million yuan of agricultural production, 6 million yuan of industrial production, 8 million yuan of tertiary industry production, 7 million yuan of fiscal revenue and 3000 yuan of per capita net income of farmers. The proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries is 6:1:3. The township is mainly engaged in planting, with Chinese herbal medicine (Atractylodes macrocephala, Gastrodia elata, Huanglian), tea, lacquer, red peanut and other major cash crops, while the industrial economy is quite weak.

With the joint efforts of all previous Party committees, governments and the people of the whole Township, we have vigorously developed characteristic industries, deeply adjusted the industrial structure, and formed three major green pillar industries, mainly tea, Atractylodes macrocephala and peanut. The greening rate of small villages has reached more than 85%, and they have been successively rated as "national beautiful environment township" and "new countryside of the whole province"

Chinese PinYin : Hu Bei Sheng En Shi Tu Jia Zu Miao Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Xian Feng Xian Xiao Cun Xiang