Guangshui industrial base, Suizhou City, Hubei Province

industrial base

Industrial base refers to the city or area where industrial production is relatively developed and concentrated. There are professional industrial bases focusing on the development of a certain industry, such as Anshan Iron and steel industrial base in China; there are comprehensive industrial bases with a complete range of industries, such as Shanghai, which is a comprehensive industrial base with developed iron and steel, machinery, textile, light industry, chemical industry, shipbuilding, automobile, aircraft, electronics and other industries. According to the situation of resources and environmental conditions, the reasonable establishment of industrial base is conducive to accelerating the development of national economy.

definition

It refers to the concentration of a fairly developed industry and a relatively complete industrial production system in a certain region, and plays a leading or base role in economy, production and technology for a country or a large region. It is a region with relatively developed industries and relatively complete industrial system, and plays a leading or base role in the economy of a country or a large region. It is a combination form of industrial regions according to its functions. Its construction depends on the financial, material and human resources of the whole country and relevant regions. After its completion, it can give full play to its highly concentrated production capacity and technological advantages, provide products, technology, cadres and experience for other regions, and promote the economic development of new development areas and backward areas. Its scope, structure, influence and forming conditions are similar to those of industrial centers, industrial regions and industrial hubs, because generally speaking, industrial bases are either industrial centers or industrial regions or industrial hubs. For example, Shanghai in China is both an industrial base and a national industrial center; Urals in the Soviet Union is both an important industrial base and an important industrial area in the Soviet Union. However, not all industrial centers, industrial areas and industrial hubs can be called industrial bases. For example, Xiamen is the industrial center of Southern Fujian Province in China, but it is not an industrial base, and the southern Fujian industrial area with Xiamen as the center is not an industrial base.

The scope of industrial base can be large or small, the large one can include a large economic zone, for example, Northeast China is an important industrial base; the small one can be as small as an industrial center or city, for example, Shanghai is also an important industrial base in China. Generally, industrial bases are gradually developed on the basis of one or several large-scale backbone enterprises, some of which are concentrated in one place, and some of which are distributed in several places within a fairly large area.

Construction conditions

The construction conditions of the industrial base mainly include: ① rich natural resources and good raw material supply conditions near the base; ② close to the fuel power base, the energy supply is guaranteed; ③ good water source conditions, which can meet the needs of industrial development; ④ convenient transportation; ⑤ guaranteed labor source; ⑥ close to the market; and ⑦ relatively strong technical foundation formed in history.

Because the industrial base is formed under different conditions, it has its own characteristics in structure and function. The industrial base formed on the basis of abundant mineral resources and favorable economic conditions, especially the transportation conditions, such as the industrial base of Liaoning Province, China, is a comprehensive industrial base with relatively complete industrial system. It is characterized by a variety of mineral mining and metallurgical, mechanical, chemical, power, building materials and other industrial sectors; industrial sectors are generally relatively complete, relatively complete structure; the main industrial products can not only meet the local needs, but also supply a large number of other areas; among the main industrial sectors in the base, among the industrial centers and industrial points, as well as the leading departments within the main industrial centers There are close ties with supporting departments. Industrial bases developed in areas with superior geographical location and certain industrial base, such as Shanghai, China, are generally composed of various industries with high technical requirements, such as precision machinery industry, transportation machinery industry, chemical industry, light industry, etc. Although the geographical scope of the base is not very large, it has strong industrial production capacity and strong technical force, which is of great significance to the economic development of the vast area Development has an important impact.

classification

A specialized industrial base with the development and utilization of one or two kinds of mineral resources and the development of a major industrial sector as the core. For example, Anshan in China is made up of the main industrial sector iron and steel and its related industries, playing the role of a national iron and steel base; Datong is mainly coal mining, playing the role of a coal industrial base.

According to the structural characteristics of its departments, it can be divided into comprehensive industrial base and professional industrial base. The former includes central and southern Liaoning, Shanghai and Tianjin, while the latter includes Anshan Iron and steel industrial base, Datong coal base and Daqing oil base.

Four industrial bases in China

Central and southern Liaoning

1、 Central and southern Liaoning industrial base (including a series of industrial cities such as Shenyang, Fushun, Anshan, Benxi, Dalian, etc.) is dominated by heavy industries such as steel, machinery, petrochemical industry, etc.

1. Industrial center: Shenyang and Dalian as the center, including Anshan, Benxi, Fushun, Liaoyang and other industrial cities.

2. Status: it is one of the important ancient industrial bases in China.

3. Development direction: in the future, it should still give full play to its advantages as a heavy industry base, update equipment, improve product quality, and appropriately limit the development of some industries that consume a lot of energy and lack raw material resources.

Advantages: rich resources, convenient shipping, developed railways.

Disadvantages: insufficient investment in science and technology, single industry and serious pollution

Beijing Tianjin Tang Dynasty

2、 Beijing Tianjin Tangshan industrial base (the triangle with Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan as the apex, Tangshan's "Tang" is not Tanggu's "Tang") has steel, machinery, chemical industry, electronics, textile and other industries. It is the second largest comprehensive industrial base in China and the largest comprehensive industrial base in Northern China.

1. Industrial centers: Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan.

2. Status: a comprehensive industrial base with developed light and heavy industries.

3. Development direction: in the future, we can focus on steel, petrochemical, marine chemical, electronics, high-grade textile and fine chemical.

Advantages: strong science and technology, developed transportation and communication, densely populated cities.

Disadvantages: the urban population is too dense and the fresh water is insufficient

Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou

3、 Shanghai Nanjing Hangzhou industrial base (the delta with Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou as its apex, and also including Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Xixing, Ningbo and other cities, also known as the Yangtze River Delta industrial base), is the largest comprehensive industrial base in China, with well-developed light and heavy industries; it has the longest history, the largest scale, the most complete structure, the highest technical level and economic benefits A comprehensive industrial base. It is located in the subtropical region, bordering on the Yangtze River and the East China Sea. Subtropical monsoon climate, abundant heat, abundant precipitation, the same period of rain and heat; delta terrain, flat terrain; fertile soil; dense river network, sufficient water. It has strong industrial base, strong scientific and technological strength, convenient land and water transportation, rich labor force and high quality, broad market, broad economic hinterland, good industrial ties, policy support, new development opportunities provided by Pudong development, rich agricultural and sideline products, etc. Industrial centers: Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing. Status: the largest comprehensive industrial base in China development direction: high, fine and sharp; light structure. Advantages: superior location, convenient land and water transportation, advanced technology. Disadvantages: lack of resources, energy and resources; more people and less land, land shortage; serious pollution.

Zhujiang delta

4、 Pearl River Delta industrial base (including Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Dongguan, Foshan, Zhongshan and a series of other industrial cities), which is mainly composed of clothing, electronics, toys, food and other light industries.

1. Industrial center: Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai as the center, including the cities and towns in the Pearl River Delta economic open zone.

2. Position: a comprehensive industrial base with light industry as the main body.

3. Development direction: to develop a variety of processing industries and manufacturing industries mainly for export.

Advantages: more capital, advantages of the special zone, advanced technology and management methods.

Disadvantages: insufficient resources.

Chinese PinYin : Hu Bei Sheng Sui Zhou Shi Guang Shui Shi Gong Ye Ji Di