Gu Xian Zhen, Tongbai County, Nanyang City, Henan Province

Guxian town

Guxian town is located 25 km east of Tongbai County, 113 ° 38 ′ E and 32 ° 26 ′ n. It is adjacent to Xinyang City in Henan Province in the East, Suizhou City in Hubei Province across the Huaihe River in the south, Yuehe Town, Wucheng town and Huanggang Township in Tongbai County in the West and North. Guxian town covers a total area of 120.66 square kilometers (2017); it governs 12 administrative villages and 189 villager groups. The total population of the town was 24117 (in 2017), including more than 1000 Hui people and more than 2500 immigrants from Nanzhao and Zhenping counties.

Guxian town is historically located in the north and south border, has been the border of Chu and Central Plains. The special geographical location created the special nature of its important border town, which developed to the extreme in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It became one of the four famous towns in Tongbai County during the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty.

Historical evolution

Guxian town has a long history. According to historical records, it has a history of more than 2000 years and has set up counties several times. It is the former site of Tongbai County. According to Tongbai County annals, Yiyang County was set up in Yiyang township of Pingshi county during the reign of Emperor Wen of the Three Kingdoms (220-225 A.D.), and Yiyang was in Guxian town today. After the establishment of Yiyang County, jurisdiction Pingshi, Yiyang and other five counties, soon abandoned. During the Taikang period of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty (280-289 A.D.), Yiyang County was restored and 12 counties such as Lingping and Yiyang were established. In the Southern Dynasty, Liang (502-549 A.D.) abolished Yiyang County and established Huai'an county. In the 18th year of kaihuang (598 A.D.), Huai'an county was changed to Tongbai County, and its governance is still in Guxian town. After nearly 400 years to the sixth year of Kaibao in Song Dynasty (973 AD), Tongbai County was moved to the present county. Then it was called "Gu county" and gradually evolved into "Gu county". It is still in use today. During the reign of Emperor Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty, a garrison camp was set up here. From 1927 to 1945, he was successively stationed in Tongbai special branch of the CPC, Tongbai agricultural army Association, Tongbai peasant self-defense Army Corps, Tongbai Revolutionary Committee and Tongdong (Gu County) Working Committee of the CPC. He was liberated in December 1947 and belonged to Xinyang Tongbai County. In March 1949, Xintong county was abolished and returned to Tongbai County. It was established as the Central Township in January 1956. In August 1958, the people's commune of Guxian town was established in response to Chairman Mao's instruction of "good people's commune". changed to township in December 1983. It is one of the earliest towns in Tongbai since it was built in November 1985.

administrative division

Guxian town governs 12 administrative villages and 189 villager groups in Guxian, Xinzhuang, shitoufan, shenlou, Huangfan, Wuzhuang, Weigang, dashipo, Zhangfan, Liuba, Yanglou and Tongan, with a total area of 120.66 square kilometers (2017). The total population of the town was 24117 (in 2017), including more than 1000 Hui people and more than 2500 immigrants from Nanzhao and Zhenping counties.

geographical environment

position

Guxian town is located 25 km east of Tongbai County, 113 ° 38 ′ E and 32 ° 26 ′ n. It is adjacent to Xinyang City in Henan Province in the East, Suizhou City in Hubei Province across the Huaihe River in the south, Yuehe Town, Wucheng town and Huanggang Township in Tongbai County in the West and North.

landforms

The topography of Guxian town is mainly shallow hills, high in the West and low in the East. The zushiding of Shuangfeng Mountain in the east of the town is 274 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in the town.

climate

The climate of Guxian town is warm and humid, with an annual average temperature of 15.1 degrees. The frost free period is 226 days and the annual precipitation is 1050 mm.

hydrology

There are two main rivers in Guxian Town: Huaihe River flows from west to East through the south, which is the boundary river between Henan and Hubei provinces; Wuli River flows from north to south, flows through the town and then flows into Huaihe River, which is the "Mother River" of Guxian town.

mineral resources

Guxian town is also a big resource town. There are many minerals such as calcium, marble, fluorite, kyanite, iron, manganese and so on. Kyanite ore: the ore body is mainly distributed in dashipu of the town. Most of the ores are lenticular, high grade, shallow buried and easy to be mined. The proven reserves are more than 6 million tons. Yingshi ore: reserves of more than 4 million tons, high grade, good quality, easy mining, easy cleaning. Limestone ore, mainly distributed in dashipo village, the orebody exposed 1.8 km long, 350 m thick. The ore is of granular crystalloblastic structure, the content of cuco3 is more than 92%, the highest is 96%, and the proved reserves are more than 40 million tons. The iron (manganese) ore is black or brown, which is of anisotrophic texture. The inclined depth of the ore body is 60 meters, the thickness is 30 meters, and the length is more than 1000 meters. The geological reserves are estimated to be more than 1.5 million tons. In addition, there are garnet ore, yunmo ore and other mineral deposits, the reserves need to be further explored.

traffic

Gu county has superior location and convenient transportation. Provincial Highway 66 and provincial highway Guhuai pass through the area, and the national highway 312 will cross the whole area of Guxian County after the change. Along the 66 provincial highway, it intersects with Beijing Guangzhou railway and 107 National Highway 28 km to the east at Minggang station in Xinyang, 18 km to the west to Tongbi expressway, and 10 km to the south through Guhuai road to Ningxi railway. Convenient transportation for the development of Guxian prepared enough stamina.

economic development

Guxian town is still a big agricultural town. In terms of grain planting, rice and wheat are the main crops, with a planting area of about 35000 Mu and a yield of 124510 kg. In terms of cash crops, peanut and soybean are the main crops, especially peanut. The planting area is more than 20000 mu, with an annual output of 5.3 million kg of high-quality peanut. in terms of forestry, the town is located in shallow mountains and heavy hills, with a large area of barren mountains suitable for forestry. The planting area of "two pines" (Pinus massoniana and Pinus elliottii) is more than 70000 mu, covering six administrative villages, such as Xinzhuang and Yanglou. It is known as the second largest forest park in China and the largest man-made forest in Henan Province. In addition, in recent years, the town has seized the policy opportunity of returning farmland to forest, vigorously developed more than 20000 mu of fast-growing poplar, nearly 10000 mu of papaya, chestnut, nectarine and other small miscellaneous fruits, becoming a major highlight of the forestry industry. in terms of animal husbandry, people in Guxian town always have the habit of raising livestock and poultry. There are 63000 domestic fowls mainly raised in free range, with an annual output of 12.6 million eggs. There are 15000 cattle, 25000 sheep and more than 20000 live pigs in the year, which is a beneficial supplement to farmers' income.

Historical sites

After 2000 years of development, Guxian town has accumulated rich history and culture.

Iron smelting sites of Han Dynasty

As early as the Western Han Dynasty, the territory of iron smelting industry is very developed, and now there is a Han Dynasty iron smelting site in Zhangfan. The site is located in Zhangfan village, northeast of Gu County, at the intersection of Maoji River and Nanxiao river. The site is slightly square. It covers an area of about 94000 square meters. In 1958, during the iron and steel smelting, 2000 tons of rich ore powder was excavated, and a large amount of slag, Han Dynasty tiles, simple tiles, pot fragments and a small amount of tiles from the Six Dynasties were scattered on the ground. The cultural layer is about 8 meters thick. Unearthed cultural relics include hoes, hammers, knives, knives, anvils, iron blocks, iron plates, triangle iron (weighing 10 kg), charcoal and firebricks. According to research, the site is from the Western Han Dynasty to the Six Dynasties. It is of great research value to the development of iron smelting technology in China. In 1963, it was designated as a provincial cultural relics protection unit.

Temple of fire

Guxian town is located at the junction of Henan and Hubei provinces. Historically, it is located in the north and south, which has always been the boundary between Chu and Central Plains. The special geographical location created the special nature of its important border town, which developed to the extreme in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It became one of the four famous towns in Tongbai County during the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty. At that time, businessmen from Hubei and other places came here to do business, and there were many shops in the market. For the convenience of Hubei businessmen, Hubei people raised funds to build Hubei guild hall, which was matched with other temples, such as the God of wealth temple, fire temple, Niangniang Temple, covering an area of more than 100 mu. Later, all of them were destroyed during the cultural revolution. The old street now has a fire god temple built in Ming Dynasty and a flat forehead of Hubei guild hall (now preserved in huaidu temple in Tongbai County). The temple of fire is an important part of Hubei guild hall, which is located in the southeast of zhenlao street. There are three main halls and one East-West side hall. Block north to south, brick and wood structure. The building area is about 200 square meters. The whole building adopts a nine beam and eighteen column structure, the wall columns are made of white marble stone piers with lotus pattern, and the eaves of the corridor are carved with a hundred birds and phoenix pattern, which shows the exquisite carving art at that time. The building is tall and magnificent, with rigorous structure, showing the exquisite architectural technology at that time, which is of great value to the study of ancient architectural technology in China. It was designated as a key cultural relic protection unit by Tongbai County in 1987.

Red Culture

Guxian town is a piece of red land. It is the former site of Tongbai capital of Southern Henan Soviet Area (located in Huangfan village, Guxian town). In February 1927, Huang fashun, a native of Huangfan village, Guxian Town, who was formerly in the National Revolutionary Army, returned to Tongbai and established the Tongbai (Guxian) branch of the CPC in southern Henan. Actively publicize revolutionary principles. We should mobilize the masses of peasants and carry out the peasant movement. In May of the same year, Tongbai branch of the Communist Party of China was established. Huang fashun was appointed secretary of the branch. The special branch is under the leadership of the South Henan special committee. At the same time, under the leadership of the special branch, we should continue to develop Party organizations, extensively carry out peasant movements, and mobilize peasants to join peasant associations. On September 8, 1927, under the leadership of Tongbai special branch of the Communist Party of China, thousands of farmers in Huangfan village, Guxian Town, held a meeting under Baiguoshu village, outside the east gate of Guxian County, and announced the establishment of Tongbai farmers' Association, with 15 branches and Xu Guotang, a native of Guxian County, as the chairman. In the autumn of the same year, the armed forces of the peasant association were reorganized into the general brigade of the Tongbai peasant self-defense army, with more than 1000 people and more than 200 guns. Huang fashun served as the commander in chief, and then officially announced the establishment of the Tongbai Revolutionary Committee, which was established in Huangfan village. Huang fashun served as the chairman. This was the earliest people's political power in Tongbai. Tongbai Revolutionary Committee, Tongbai peasant association and Tongbai peasant Self Defense Corps

Chinese PinYin : He Nan Sheng Nan Yang Shi Tong Bai Xian Gu Xian Zhen