look , listen , question and feel the pulse -- four ways of diagnosis(wàng wén wèn qiē)

look , listen , question and feel the pulse -- four ways of diagnosis

Look, smell, ask and cut is a traditional Chinese medicine term. Pinyin is w à NGW é NW è nqi è. Look, refer to look; smell, refer to listen; ask; refer to ask symptoms; cut; refer to touch pulse. They are called four diagnostic methods. It should have originated from the 61st difficulty in the book of difficulties. The earliest use of the four character couplet should be in the "ancient and modern medical system": "look, hear, ask and cut four characters, the program of sincerity for medicine."

Explanation of words

[source] it should be originated from the 61st difficulty of the book of songs, which says: the words of the book of songs are God by looking, saint by hearing, work by asking, and skill by feeling. What is also? ran: those who know by looking can see its five colors to know its disease. The person who hears and knows it should smell its five tones to avoid its disease. Those who ask and know, ask what they want, in order to know the origin of their disease. Those who know it by pulse cutting should diagnose its Cunkou and see its deficiency and excess so as to know its disease and its viscera. According to the Scripture, the external knowledge is called Saint, and the internal knowledge is called God. The earliest use of four character couplet should be in the "ancient and modern medical system": "look, hear, ask and cut four words, and be a doctor." [examples] ~ are the necessary steps of traditional Chinese medicine. traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis of diseases. Look is to observe the patient's development, complexion, tongue coating, facial expression, etc.; smell is to listen to the patient's voice, cough, wheezing, and smell the patient's halitosis, body odor, etc.; ask is to ask the patient's own symptoms, previously suffered from diseases, etc.; cut is to use the hand to feel the pulse or press the abdomen if there are lumps. It's called four diagnosis. [usage] as the subject and object; used in traditional Chinese medicine traditional Chinese medicine look, refers to the look; smell, refers to listen to the breath and smell; ask; refers to ask symptoms; cut; refers to touch pulse. They are called four diagnostic methods. it refers to four diagnostic methods: inspection, smelling, inquiring and pulse cutting.

Inspection

Inspection is a purposeful observation of the patient's spirit, color, shape, state and tongue to detect visceral lesions. Through a lot of medical practice, traditional Chinese medicine has gradually realized the close relationship between the external body, especially the face, tongue, tongue coating and viscera. If there is a change in the Qi and blood of Zang Fu Yin Yang, it must be reflected on the body surface. As the "Lingshu Ben Zang Pian" said: "depending on its external response, to know its internal organs, then know the disease." Chinese medicine's hope specifically refers to looking at the five senses, eyes, tongue, mouth, nose and ears, whether the eyes have spirit, whether the eye white is abnormal, whether the tongue is too red, whether the tongue coating is too thick, whether the tongue coating color is white or yellow, whether there is inflammation in the mouth, whether the color is too red or too white, whether the nose has rhinitis, whether the nasal discharge is thin or thick, whether the color is yellow or white, the ear shape and character mainly depends on the earrings The kidney that ear annulus fleshy is congenitally better, have tinnitus or ear inflammation next. Note: liver governs eyes, heart governs tongue, spleen governs mouth, lung governs nose and kidney governs ears. The explanation is: eye problems are liver problems, tongue problems are heart problems, oral problems are spleen problems, nose problems are lung problems, ear problems are kidney problems. But there are subdivisions in eyes and tongue. In eyes, there are also pupil and whiteness. Pupil reflects liver problems. For example, myopia and daze in eyes are liver problems. It can be cured by nourishing liver. Now, many myopia can be cured by nourishing liver (which can't be cured in Western Medicine). The eye white corresponds to the heart and lung. If the eye white is red, it means that the heart fire is hot, causing inflammation and congestion of the blood capillaries in the eye white. The edge of the tongue reflects the heart problem. If the tongue is red, it means that the heart is hot and needs to reduce fire and nourish the heart. The tongue coating reflects the problem of the spleen and stomach. The yellow coating of the tongue, the fire of the spleen and stomach, and the white coating of the tongue indicate that the spleen and stomach are cold, so it is necessary to nourish the stomach and spleen. classification simply speaking, inspection includes general inspection and tongue inspection. General inspection also includes inspection of spirit, color, shape and five features. Tongue inspection includes inspection of tongue quality and tongue coating. Inspection is first of all to look at God, God is the embodiment of human life activities, such as clear mind, clear language, bright eyes, sensitive response, known as God, is the performance of health or mild illness. If the spirit is dispirited, the expression is indifferent, the vision is dim, the reaction is slow, even the unconsciousness, is called the absence of spirit, indicates the illness is serious. By looking at God, we can make an estimate of the patient's condition and prognosis, so as to have a clear idea. color observation mainly observes the color and luster of the face. According to different colors, we can see the ups and downs of Qi and blood and the development and changes of diseases. Normal Chinese face is yellowish, ruddy luster, if there is abnormal color called disease color, common are: white, main deficiency, main cold, main blood loss; yellow, main deficiency, main dampness; cyan, main cold, main blood stasis, main pain, main infantile convulsion; red, main heat; black, main kidney deficiency. looking at the shape is to look at the shape and dynamic, such as fat shape, less food for spleen deficiency with phlegm. Thin and hungry, for the stomach fire. Most of them belong to cold syndrome. Irritability, like to move, mostly fever. It is asthma to open mouth and lift shoulder, wheezing and not lying on one's back; it is spasm to have strong neck and back; it is critical syndrome to follow clothes to touch bed and to pinch empty thread for a long time. according to the experience of traditional Chinese medicine, the five zang organs open their orifices in the five zang organs, and the five zang organs should be in the five zang organs. By looking at the five zang organs, we can understand certain visceral diseases, such as red and swollen eyes, mostly liver fire or wind heat, upward movement of two eyes, direct or strabismus, internal movement of liver wind, dry and black earrings, loss of kidney essence, flapping nasal wings, accumulation of pathogenic heat in the lung, swollen gums or concurrent bleeding, and hyperactivity of stomach heat. The tongue is the muscle part of the tongue, and the tongue coating is the coating attached to the surface of the tongue. The tongue quality can reflect the deficiency and excess of the five zang organs, and the tongue coating can detect the depth of external evil invading into the human body. The normal people are light red tongue and thin white coating. If the tongue is light, white, weak, cold, red, blood stasis, white fur, damp heat or phlegm heat, yellow and thick and greasy, thin fur, light disease, thick fur, heavy disease, thick fur, and thick fur, it means disease progression, and thin fur, it means disease regression. In clinical practice, the changes of tongue quality and tongue coating are usually associated. Comprehensive judgment and TCM experience show that the tongue is seriously ill in acute cases and the pulse is seriously ill in chronic cases, because the tongue image can accurately and timely reflect the physiological and pathological conditions of the body. Skilled use of inspection, the diagnosis of the disease is fast and accurate, so Chinese medicine said, "look and know that God.".

Look at the five senses and know the five zang organs

According to the holographic theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the facial features (mouth, eyes, ears, nose and tongue) are closely related to the health of the five internal organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney). mouth is the gateway of food, so it is related to spleen and stomach. From the appearance of the lips, we can see some spleen and stomach problems. For example, if the lips are black, it may be due to the deficiency and cold of the spleen and stomach; if the lips are too red, it may be due to the fire of the spleen and stomach; if the lips are pale, it may be due to the deficiency of Qi and blood in the body, malnutrition, anemia, low function of the spleen and stomach; if the mouth ulcers, it may be caused by the overheating of the spleen and stomach. nose is the channel and organ of respiration, so it is related to lung. If the nose looks very red, it may be caused by lung heat or internal fire. Nose bleeding or abnormal dryness may be caused by insufficient Yin Qi and excessive Yang Qi in the body. the eye is the most important sensory organ. The so-called "liver opens its orifices to the eyes". The eyes are closely related to the liver. If you get liver disease, it will appear in the eyes, with yellow eyes and blue eyes. If the eyes can't see clearly, it may be related to insufficient liver blood; if the eyes are red and swollen, it may be related to vigorous liver fire in the body; if the eyes are dry, it may be caused by insufficient Yin blood. the ear is an auditory organ. There is a saying in Huangdi Neijing that "the kidney opens its orifices to the ear". Therefore, people with kidney disease will suffer from deafness and tinnitus. On the contrary, if the hearing is keen, it means that the kidney is better. the tongue is a taste organ, associated with the heart. If the color of the tip of the tongue is very dark, it may be that there is fire in the heart; if there is congestion and ecchymosis, it may be that the blood circulation is not good; if the tongue is sore, it may be that there is excessive fire in the heart, which is related to diet and mood. Some heart diseases can also lead to tongue inflexibility, tongue curling and other problems. In fact, in addition to the facial features, the color changes between the eyebrows, under the cheekbones, on both sides of the nose and in the middle of the person can also indicate physical problems. Yang Li, a professor at the Chinese Academy of traditional Chinese medicine, said that Yintang looks pale and dull, which may be caused by lung deficiency; both sides of the nose are related to the small intestine; if the color here is yellow, and there is no luster, it may be spleen and stomach deficiency; the lower side of the cheekbones is related to the kidney; if it is black, it may be kidney problem; people are located under the nostril, which is related to the genitals and bladder, if it is black, it may also be kidney deficiency. of course, it's usually difficult to distinguish small changes in face color, so once you find obvious changes in some parts of your face, it means that the problem may be more serious. You must go to the hospital to avoid delaying the illness.

Principle of tongue coating

Tongue is used to transport food into esophagus and stomach. The tissue of the tongue body is formed by the fifth pair of brain, and its function depends entirely on the movement of the brain. There are two purple and green tendons under the tongue, which reach the upper part of Shaoyin kidney. They are called Jinjin and Yuye. Therefore, Shengjin liquid can moisten the tongue. It is clear that there must be a thousand li error in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. This principle can not be ignored. On the surface of the tongue, there are many tiny nipples, which are spread together. It is not easy to see three meals a day. Therefore, the fur changes three times a day. It is called living fur, which is disease-free. When the food enters the stomach, it will bring down the stagnant Qi, so the color of the moss will fade; when the food is decayed, the turbid Qi will evaporate, and the color of the moss will grow again. If there is no putrefaction in the stomach, the moss will be thin and less. If there is putrefaction, the normal color in the stomach can't go up directly, so there is a time of temporary whiteness. The green color is the most beautiful color. The green color can be seen on the tongue, and its life will be in danger. On the other hand, there are yellow but not yellow, white but not white, all kinds of intermediate colors, which are divided into the following, for future reference.

Expectoration

Chinese PinYin : wàng wén wèn qiē