emperor 's harem(sān gōng liù yuàn)

emperor 's harem

Three palaces and six courtyards is a Chinese word, which comes from the Palace Museum. The "three palaces and six courtyards" are all in the inner court of the Forbidden City. Generally refers to the imperial concubines. It comes from Yuan Wu Ming Shi's "baomakeup box" wedge: "Wu Na's three palaces and six courtyards, concubines and colorful women listener: tomorrow, Sheng Jia will personally go to the imperial garden to play a golden bullet. Where the golden bullet falls, there will be a finder."

Discrimination

In the spring and Autumn Annals of the martyrs, the emperor granted me the right to govern the country, and all of them were paid by the emperor Three wives and four concubines

source

The term "three palaces and six courtyards" comes from the buildings of the Forbidden City. The "three palaces and six courtyards" are all in the inner court of the Forbidden City. The "three palaces", also known as the "post three palaces", refer to the Qianqing palace where the emperor lived, the Kunning palace where the queen lived, and the Jiaotai hall between the Qianqing palace and the Kunning Palace (the name of the hall is taken from the book of changes, which means "the harmony of heaven and earth, the peace and happiness". The iron card of "no interference in politics in the inner palace" stands here.) "Six hospitals" is actually twelve hospitals. The "three palaces" have six palaces in the East and west respectively. The "six palaces in the East" are Jingren palace, Chengqian palace, Zhongcui palace, Jingyang palace, Yonghe palace and Yanxi palace. The "six palaces in the west" are Yongshou palace, Yikun palace, Chuxiu palace, Xianfu palace, Changchun Palace and Taiji Palace (Qixiang Palace). Because all the palaces are courtyard buildings, they are called "East six courtyards" and "West six courtyards". The Forbidden City is the palace of Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. From the perspective of architectural layout, it is in accordance with the ancient so-called "former dynasty and later bedroom" regulation, the outer Dynasty is "Da Nei Zheng Ya", and the inner migration is the so-called "three palaces and six courtyards". Queen in the middle (Kunning Palace). There are six palaces in the East and six palaces in the West.

effect

Why did the emperor have three palaces and six courtyards? In ancient China, the system of succession by the chief emperor really reduced the turmoil of the country and the suffering of the people. The security of this system lies in the fact that there should be enough "candidates for the emperor" in the imperial clan. Therefore, in order to ensure that the emperor has enough sons, the emperor must have enough wives and concubines in the ritual system. Is the emperor's wife and concubine to satisfy his desire? In fact, this may not be the case, because the emperor was in charge of his concubines in the past. Of course, we are not very clear about the ancient history, but at least the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties had limitations in this respect. It is said that Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty even set up a "Jingshi Pavilion" for this purpose, allowing eunuchs to record the records of the emperor's passing on his concubines. On the one hand, it ensured that the concubines were pregnant with the emperor's children, and on the other hand, it restrained the emperor. Moreover, there was a clear and strict reward and punishment system in the whole harem. For example, in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were six bureaus and 24 divisions for female officials (including Shanggong Bureau, Shangyi Bureau, Shangfu Bureau, Shangshi Bureau, Shangshu Bureau, Shanggong Bureau, etc.), and they were awarded salaries and ranked higher than foreign officials. Of course, in some chaotic dynasties in China, the Emperor may be promiscuous, but most of the time, the system of the harem is very strict. Therefore, if we want to use the past emperor as an excuse to explain that men should have three wives and four concubines, maybe we should think deeply!

Custom made in Qing Dynasty

How many concubines were there? The emperors of different dynasties had different opinions. In the Qing Dynasty, for example, the imperial concubines were divided into eight ranks, with the amount of "one queen, in the middle of the palace, in charge of internal governance; under the empress, there were one imperial concubine, two imperial concubines, four imperial concubines, and six concubines, with a total of 14 people. There are memorial tablets, living separately in the East and West six palaces. Concubines below there are three levels, said: noble, often in, promised. There is no fixed amount for these three levels. They lived in 12 palaces with the emperor and concubines. Although the number of concubines was clear, they did not follow the rules. For example, there were 33 concubines of Emperor Kangxi in the fifth level, and those below the rank of noble were not among them. There can only be one queen at the same time, and the other concubines, concubines, and concubines are not in accordance with the number of rules. There were many in the early Qing Dynasty, but few in the late Qing Dynasty. For example, in the 16th year of Kangxi, one empress, one imperial concubine and seven concubines were granted. In the late Qing Dynasty, the Emperor Guangxu had only one empress and two concubines. there are three forms of conferring empresses in the Qing Dynasty. One is that the emperor chooses the empress when he is old, holds a big wedding, marries the empress to the palace, and confers the title of empress. The second is the promotion of imperial concubines, imperial concubines, imperial concubines and concubines, and the third is the pursuit of empress. Because most of the emperors of the Qing Dynasty were not born in the Imperial Palace, after he ascended the throne, he respected his birth mother as the queen mother or posthumous title as "Queen". The canonization of the concubines is basically the same as that of the empress, except that there is no ceremony, and the main purpose is to present the gold book and the gold seal. In the canonization of concubines, there are often those who overstep their ranks, or who are demoted because they are out of favor, or who go into the cold palace. Therefore, the fate of the concubines is entirely in the hands of the emperor, and winning the emperor's favor is their only way out. Otherwise, they seem to be prosperous and rich, but in fact they suffer all their lives. Some of them are even in their teens. Because the emperor died, they were driven to the palace of CI Ning to become concubines and live in widowhood.

Folk saying

The so-called three palaces

The so-called three palaces in the folk generally refer to the central palace and the East and West palaces where the empresses lived. In fact, this is the system after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The first three palaces were the three palaces of the emperor, Empress Dowager and empress dowager, or the three palaces of the Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager and Empress Dowager. The emperor's concubines live in the six palaces. "The book of Rites" says: "the queen six palace, the princes wife three Palace also. "Zhouli? Tiangong Neizai" says: "the queen is the commander of the six palaces. "Zheng Xuan annotated the six palaces and said," the first is Zhengshu and the fifth is Yanshu, which are combined into the six palaces. "The six palaces are the residence of the empress, so the six palaces are often used to refer to the empress, just as the middle palaces are used to refer to the empress in later generations. With the establishment of feudal society and the demise of vassals, the meaning of the three palaces changed. In the Han Dynasty, the emperor, Empress Dowager and Empress Dowager were collectively called the three palaces, also known as the three palaces of empress dowager, Empress Dowager and Empress Dowager. In the Tang Dynasty, mu Zongshi called the two empresses and the empress together the three palaces.

The so-called six courtyards

The six courtyards are the six courtyards where the empress lived, and the court (court) refers to the empress. In Tang Dynasty, the concept of six palaces did not refer specifically to empresses, but generally to empresses. In Bai Juyi's song of everlasting regret, "looking back and smiling, the six palaces have no color", and in Li He's Mrs. Beigong, "the six palaces are silent and idle all their lives, hanging silver and shining on the Castle Peak." the six palaces all refer to the empress, not the queen. In the Ming Dynasty, the concubines were generally called the three palaces and six courtyards. the word "three palaces and six courtyards" comes from the construction of the Forbidden City. The Palace Museum is bounded by the Qianqing gate, with the outer court in the South and the inner court in the north, where the emperor and his concubines live. The three palaces are Qianqing palace, Jiaotai palace and Kunning Palace on the Middle Road, also known as the "post three palaces". The six courtyards refer to the six palaces on the East Road: Zhai palace, Jingren palace, Chengqian palace, Zhongcui palace, Jingyang palace and Yonghe palace; the six palaces on the West Road: Chuxiu palace, Yikun palace, Yongshou palace, Changchun palace, Xianfu palace and Chonghua palace. Because all the palaces are courtyard buildings, they are called "six courtyards". This is what people often call "three palaces and six courtyards"

Chinese PinYin : sān gōng liù yuàn