draw characters and sing incantations(huà fú niàn zhòu)

draw characters and sing incantations

The pronunciation Hu à f ú Ni à nzh à u is used to explain the Taoist's drawing and chanting. It is difficult to understand the metaphor of writing and studying. It's originated from Qu Qiubai's "Luantan dumb literature" for more than two thousand years. The Chinese gentleman's charms keep hieroglyphics and monopolize knowledge. It's a wonderful tool that "the people can use it, but not know it." Used as predicate, attribute and object; refers to superstitious activities.

Ancient interpretation

source

According to Zhizhen Taoist, incantation is an important part of Taoist cultivation. What is incantation? "Shuowen Jiezi" contains: "Zhu zhe mantra also." In the era of the Yellow Emperor, there was no distinction between blessing and incantation. The official position of the Yellow Emperor was also called incantation. The incantation in the incantation originated from the ancient wizard's congratulatory speech when offering sacrifices to gods. "Shangshu · Wuyi" said: "Juekou curse and wish", Shuyun: "wish sound curse, curse is to tell God to add disaster and blame." It shows that the initial incantation is to use language to tell the God to punish the wicked and swear to the God. "Incantation" is one of the main means for Chinese Taoism to preach and practice. The so-called "charm" is the combination of talisman and incantation. Generally speaking, "Fu" refers to a kind of mysterious image drawn with the combination of point and line, the combination of characters and pictures, and mainly with flexing strokes. People in daomen claim that it has many functions, such as driving ghosts and gods, curing diseases and disasters, etc.; mantra refers to the formula with special audio effect, which is widely used in daomen to help keep healthy, pray for blessings and eliminate disasters, or call ghosts and gods to achieve implementation The special purpose of the author. According to some movies and related books, it is a profession of ancient Taoists, that is to say, "draw a charm and recite a curse" to kill demons. As for this statement, we still don't know its authenticity, because there are still some old people in the countryside who are crying for the frightened children. Although this is superstition, but according to some confirmed materials, the rural soul is really very smart

origin

Due to the long history of incantation and the superstition of ghosts and gods in ancient China, incantation not only deeply penetrated into people's daily life, but also into the upper realm. In ancient China, folk customs, as well as production, economy, military affairs, and tactics, are closely related to them. On the other hand, the relationship between incantation and Taoism, needless to say, is the ancient folk secret. Whether it is to attract believers, or to fight, it all raises the banner of incantation. This is true of Bailian, Bagua, Qingshui, Dadao, Hongqiang and Yihe. For example, when they fight against officers and soldiers, they often bring their own Zhufu, recite incantations, and rush forward without avoiding weapons. Their actions are extremely heroic, but the outcome is extremely tragic.

Charm and witchcraft culture

Charm and witchcraft culture are inseparable. Charm is originally a wizard's patent. It's a wizard's unique skill. People who are not familiar with charm can never become a wizard. Because of this, many people's wizard successors need to spend a lot of time learning to use the charm before they become a wizard. Incantation, especially incantation, is the core of witchcraft rituals, and incantation has become the most important part of various witchcraft rituals. There is no ceremony without incantation, but there are incantations without ceremony. The charm also had a certain influence on the dynasty politics and became a tool for the feudal ruling class to fight for power and consolidate their rule. For example, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, because of his superstition in the art of weariness of victory (one of the incantations), killed many important officials and even his own flesh and blood. In the Southern Dynasty, Chen Shujian, the fourth son of Chen Gaozong, was dissatisfied with his later master Chen Shubao. Carve wood for me Day and night in the sun and moon Jiao, wish curse on the top ". Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, also used incantation to serve himself. Before Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, the 42nd Tianshi Zhang normal handed over to Zhu Yuanzhang the talisman with the words "Heaven's fortune is in Taizu" to publicize the change of his dynasty. Ming Shizong was also addicted to magic. When he was in power, Taoist Shao Yuanjie and Tao Zhongwen got his favor because they were good at magic. They were not only in charge of Taoist affairs, but also extreme officials, almost to the point of manipulating the emperor and the imperial court.

The influence and function of incantation in politics

Of course, compared with its influence on folk customs, the influence and function of incantation in politics are much smaller. As the main part of witchcraft culture, incantation has a great influence on Chinese folk customs. This kind of great influence can be seen from the following aspects: first, most of the folk rituals of inviting gods and offering sacrifices are inseparable from incantation, which is an important magic weapon for people to communicate and control gods. Secondly, all kinds of other folk activities and even daily life are inseparable from the charm. For example, in the folk, whether it is to cure the disease and save the people, avoid evil spirits and protect the body, pray for a bumper harvest and wealth, pray for peace, pray for harmony between husband and wife's mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, secure the fetus and protect the body, and drive six livestock out of pestilence. Even when a child's skin is cut and bleeding by a sharp object during play, there is a corresponding hemostatic charm. According to the jade box record, "when a child is young, he can't walk steadily, so he likes to play. He is most likely to fall, or his flesh will burst into blood, so he can't stop it. I love to visit those who have a charm to stop bleeding. It's very effective. I sincerely hope to pass it on to help the world... " The curse said: when the sun comes out, a drop of oil comes out, when he holds a Golden Whip, he rides the ox upside down; when he calls for long running water three times, when he points to the Red Gate, he does not bleed.

Fu Zhuan

The use of Fu and Zhuan, like incantations, is also very extensive. For example, in case of evil spirits, there are talismans for dispelling evil spirits, stopping fire in case of fire, stopping water in case of water, curing illness in case of illness, talismans for building houses, talismans for killing evil spirits in case of evil spirits, talismans for dissolving bone in case of bone sticking, talismans for six gengs and six Xins in case of lawsuits, and talismans for imperial examinations, going out for a long journey, drinking, eating and living, and even wild dogs going to their rooms and hens crowing at night. For example, scholars always dream of imperial examination high school, so the imperial examination also has a symbol (Figure 1-10). In this talisman, we can see that the "Early Imperial Examination" is actually a curse, and the three stars in the middle are the symbol of the three stars of fortune, fortune and longevity. This talisman must be combined with the form of witchcraft to be effective. The method is to take seven liters of soil and five liters of red dates from the bridge, put them into a big porcelain vase, and bury them three feet in the ground in front of the statue of Confucius. After burying the vase with soil, you need to put five big stones weighing 120 Jin each according to the five colors, and then bury the stones with soil, and then bury the talisman. In addition, Confucius and Wenchang should be sacrificed on the birthday of Confucius or Wenchang. It is said that this method can protect one party to raise his son and make Confucianism prosperous. Thirdly, people are very superstitious about the omnipotent power of magic. It is believed that charms can not only prevent and cure diseases, bring the dead back to life, control ghosts and gods, suppress demons and summon spirits, change invisibly, turn evil into good, curse and kill enemies, but also fly sand and stone, stop wind and rain, call rats and repel mosquitoes, carry objects The following myths, legends and epic stories about the magic of the charm are widely spread among the people, which reflect the people's superstition and worship of the magic power of the charm

The making of Chinese characters

In the eyes of Taoists and witches, runes are the secret magic weapon to communicate between man and God, so they can't be painted casually. Therefore, there is a saying that "if the runes don't know their orifices, they make ghosts laugh; if they know their orifices, they make ghosts scream". There are hundreds of ways to draw symbols. Some of them have to pinch the key to save, and some of them have to write with the gods. Some of them have to step up and chant the incantations It's about laying paper, studying ink and moving pen. The complicated procedures and complicated methods make the good men and women dizzy

The procedure of pictorial ceremony

There is a certain procedure for drawing symbols, so we must not simply do things and reverse the order. Generally speaking, all pictorial symbols should have altars (especially Taoists), which is called "altars". The general charms in the general altar style contain the deities that Taoists usually believe in - land, City God, Oriental Green emperor, southern Red Emperor, Western White Emperor, northern black emperor, Zhuque general, Xuanwu general, Heisha general, etc. For example, the general charm in the altar style drawing set by the ancient Dunhuang Taoist painters. The Taoists also built altars and two seals of the emperor of Heaven (Fig. 2-2). These two seals are carved on the altar, both before and after. Some do not set up "general altar style" or build altar, such as "invite Xianji method". Please use three plates of fruit, three cups of tea and three cups of wine for the shrine in the main hall , or it can be temporarily set at a certain position outside the house, which is equivalent to the dining table. before drawing a picture, one should first purify one's mind -- concentrate on one's mind, be sincere, clear away distractions, concentrate on one's mind, clean one's body, face, hands and mouth, and prepare sacrifices such as fruits, rice wine and incense, as well as pen and ink, cinnabar and yellow paper. For these articles, the Taoist first used the divine curse to make them have divine power. (1) pen mantra: the five thunder gods of Jushou will burn the light, and Hua Na will protect his life. On the other hand, he will bind ghosts to subdue evil spirits. I will be as urgent as the law in my long life. (2) water mantra: this water is not special water. The northern water is a little bit in the inkstone. In a moment, the sick person swallows all kinds of diseases, and the evil ghost swallows like smashing, and the urgency is like the law. (3) inkstone mantra: the jade emperor has Bo Shen inkstone, four sides of gold, wood, water, fire, earth, thunder, wind, rain, electricity, light grinding, thunderbolt, electricity, light as urgent as the law. (4) ink curse: the jade emperor has a god of robbery. The ink is like a cloud, and the nine star ink is like a thunderbolt. The dispute is as urgent as a law. (5) cinnabar mantra: Danshi town evil demons, kill ghosts, collapse and study the three realms of spirit talismans. The passage of the three realms is as urgent as the law. Before drawing the symbol, we should kneel down and pray to the gods of heaven and earth to express our prayer to the Lord. At the end of the message, take out the paper and ink or cinnabar, sit upright, think about your luck, and draw the symbol you want without any pause. When drawing a charm, you need to breathe in it, and at the same time, you need to use your mouth to chant a mantra. In addition, when the left hand does not hold the pen, it must use the gestures of Rijun Jue, Yuejun Jue and Tiangang Jue. day

Chinese PinYin : huà fú niàn zhòu