Li Yan
Li Yi
Li Yu (June 8, 862 - April 20, 888), whose real name is Li Yan, was born in Chang'an County, Jingzhao prefecture (now Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province). He was the 18th emperor of the Tang Dynasty (August 16, 873 - April 20, 888). He was the fifth son of Tang Yizong Li Yu, whose mother was queen Wang of Hui'an.
At the beginning of the title of King Pu, he was keen on recreation and good at polo. At the end of Tang Yizong's life, he became the crown prince and changed his name to Li Yu under the support of eunuch Tian Lingzi and others. Xiantong 14 years (873), the coffin before the throne, when 12 years old. During his reign, Tian Lingzi, an official in power, controlled the government, and the political situation became increasingly chaotic, which led to the uprising of Wang Xianzhi and Huang Chao. After Chang'an was lost, he fled to Shu. During this period, the town's Jiedushi were mobilized to pacify the Huangchao uprising and return to Chang'an. During the reign of Guangqi, after the dispute over Yanchi and the rebellion against Xiangwang, his health went from bad to worse. At the end of the reign, Jiedushi led to the separation of the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty was thus divided. His dying biography was located in his younger brother Li Ye, namely Tang Zhaozong.
Wende first year (888), died at the age of 27, posthumous title "Huisheng Gong Ding Xiao emperor", the temple name of Xizong, buried in Jingling.
Life of the characters
Early experience
Li Yu, the fifth son of Tang Yi Zong, was born to Queen Hui'an of the Tang Dynasty.
Xiantong three years (862) May 8 was born in Chang'an East. At the beginning, he was granted the title of King Pu, and his name was Li Yan.
Li was born in the deep palace and grew up in the hands of eunuchs. The scene of life in the palace can bring him unrestrained pleasure. As a matter of fact, he was also a keen emperor. He likes to fight chickens (which is called "fighting ducks" in Tang Yulin) and gamble on geese. He likes riding and shooting, fencing, arithmetic, music, go and gambling. He is very good at making a living. He is not only infatuated with polo, but also highly skilled.
He once confidently said to Shi yezhu, the actor around him, "if I take the entrance examination of batting, I should win the first prize."
The stone wild boar replied: "if you meet a virtuous gentleman like Yao and Shun to be the chief examiner of the Minister of rites, I'm afraid your majesty will be censured and lose the election." When he heard such a clever answer, he just laughed.
In July 873, Yizong was seriously ill.
On June 18, eunuchs such as Tian Lingzi, Liu Xingshen and Han Wenyue became crown princes and changed their names to Yu.
On the 20th, in front of the coffin, the emperor was twelve years old.
Liu Xingshen, the second lieutenant of the left army, and Han Wenyue, the second lieutenant of the right army, were in power in the middle of the country, and they were granted the title of Guogong by Jin Dynasty.
The government is in power
When Tang Fu Zong ascended the throne, he was still a young and weak man. Naturally, he lacked the necessary ability to manage politics, and all political affairs were handled by eunuchs. Tian Lingzi was the most trusted eunuch during his reign. Since he was a child, he had been taken care of by Tian Lingzi. He was emotionally dependent and called Tian Lingzi "a fu". After he ascended the throne, he was appointed as a lieutenant of the left army. In this way, Tian Lingzi was in charge of the major decisions of the emperor.
When Emperor Fu Zong was in power, the political situation of the Tang Dynasty was already very chaotic.
Liu Yunzhang, a scholar of the Imperial Academy in Yizong's period, has described the urgent situation at that time with "nine state-owned breakdowns" in his book of direct remonstrance: "all the year round, we can gather troops and break one.". The barbarians are flourishing, and the two are broken. Power, luxury, and blasphemy are three ways to break. If the general doesn't go to court, he will be broken. To build a Buddhist temple in a wide range, five broken temples will be built. Bribes to the public, six broken also. The chief officials were cruel, and seven were broken. Taxes and servitudes are not equal, eight broken also. There are many people who have food and salary, but few people who have to pay taxes
He summed up "eight hardships" and "five going" for the living conditions of the common people in the world.
The grim situation that Liu Yunzhang said did not improve at all in the Fuzong Dynasty, but it was getting worse and worse.
Shortly after he ascended the throne, a great uprising led by Wang Xianzhi, a native of Puzhou (now Puyang East in Henan Province), and Huang Chao, a native of YuanJu (now Caoxian North in Shandong Province), broke out. Huang Chao was born as a salt peddler. Because of the monopoly of salt in the late Tang Dynasty, the price of official salt was expensive, and the common people could not afford to eat salt, so there were many illegal salt peddlers. They organized and even engaged in armed trafficking, which was very helpful for Huang Chao to lead a large-scale uprising later.
Fleeing Xichuan
After the outbreak of the Huangchao uprising, the prefectures and counties deceived their superiors, and the court did not know the truth. For the sake of self-protection, the Jiedushi who supported soldiers in various places sat and watched, so the rebel army developed rapidly. Later, Huang Chao led his troops south to attack eastern Zhejiang, broke into Fujian 700 Li from Kaishan Road, conquered Guangzhou, then returned to the north, conquered Tanzhou, went to Jiangling, and went straight to the Central Plains. Although he was also very nervous about the situation, he did not stop seeking pleasure. Even when he appointed Jiannan and Shannandao Festival envoys to prepare for his escape from Chang'an, he decided the candidates by playing polo.
In November of the first year of Guangming (880), because of the low morale of the Tang army, the suppression of gaopian was very weak. The Huangchao uprising army conquered Luoyang. In December, it easily won Tongguan and approached Chang'an. The emperor and his ministers of Xizong were helpless and wept. Lu Jie, the prime minister, was afraid of suicide. Tian Lingzi led five hundred Shence troops in a hurry to lead Fu Zong and a few imperial princes to flee the capital, first to Shannan (Hanzhong) and then to Sichuan. After he became Xuanzong, another emperor fled to Sichuan. Luo Yin, a poet at the end of the Tang Dynasty, wrote in his poem "the emperor is lucky to be in Shu". He said: "the willows in Mawei are leaning on each other, and luanyu is lucky to be back in Shu. Under the spring, aman should say something. This time, she will be more unjust to concubine Yang. " "Aman" is the nickname of Tang Xuanzong Wei Zhuang, a Jinshi in the late Tang Dynasty, who is known as the "Lady of the Qin Dynasty chanting a scholar", has the same artistic conception as this: "the ninth emperor goes to the dust, and the willow is still merciless in spring. Now it's none of the business of concubines and concubines Soon after, Huang Chao entered Chang'an, where he was named Daqi and Jintong. And the emperor Shizong fled in Sichuan for four years.
During this period, he took advantage of the wealth of Chuanzhong and the contributions of other places to organize a counterattack against Huangchao. Wang chucun, the Jiedushi of Yiwu town and Wang chongrong, the Jiedushi of Hezhong, actively organized the attack on Huangchao. Li Keyong, who was born in Hedong Taiyuan of Shatuo nationality, also led his troops to help the imperial court. Especially Zheng Fu, the Jiedushi of Fengxiang, who was entrusted by Emperor Xizong to run all sides of the capital, got the power of "doing things cheaply", and actively organized the siege of Huangchao in Chang'an. Later, the Prime Minister Wang Duo was appointed as the camp commander of all roads to launch the attack on Huang Chao. The original vassal towns began to express their loyalty to the imperial court for their own interests. Because of the weakness of the rebel army and the shortage of military supplies, internal differences and divisions occurred. Some generals accepted the imperial court's recruitment, and the situation reversed. Huang Chao's garrison in Tongzhou made Zhu Wen surrender in September of the second year of Zhonghe (882). Fu Zong was overjoyed and thought that it was "Heaven's gift to me" and named Zhu Quanzhong.
Under the counterattack of the Tang Dynasty, the uprising army was forced to withdraw from Chang'an. At last, Huang Chao committed suicide in the tiger and wolf Valley in Tai'an, Shandong Province. After the attack of the Huangchao uprising army, the foundation of the Tang Dynasty for hundreds of years has disappeared. At that time, Li Chang was under Fengxiang, Wang chongrong under Pu and Shan, Zhuge Shuang under Heyang and Luoyang, Meng Fang under Xing and Ming, Li Keyong under Taiyuan and Shangdang, Zhu Quanzhong under Bianhua, Qin Zongquan under Xu and CAI, Pu under Xu and Si, Zhu Yi under Yun, Qi, Cao and Pu, Wang Jingwu under Zi and Qing, Gao Pian under Huainan Bazhou, Qin Yan under Xuan and she, Qian Liu under eastern Zhejiang Fu, repeatedly engulfed, the court can not control, become the actual local separatist forces. The areas that the imperial court could control were only dozens of states in Hexi, Shannan, Jiannan and Lingnan.
Exile from the capital
In the first month of the first year of Guangqi (885), Fuzong left central Sichuan and returned to Chang'an in March. After several years of panic, before there was time for stability, they encountered new turbulence. Here's what happened: Tian Lingzi, the eunuch of Zong Chongxin, was hostile to Wang chongrong because he tried to win the benefits of ChiYan from him, so Tian joined forces with Zhu Mei and Li Changfu to fight against Wang chongrong. In March of the fifth year of Zhonghe (885), Wang chongrong called for help from Li Keyong in Taiyuan. They defeated Zhu Mei and Li Changfu and marched into Chang'an. In December of the first year of Guangqi, Tian Lingzi fled to Fengxiang (now Baoji, Shaanxi Province).
When Huang Chao occupied Chang'an, the palace buildings were in good condition. This time, soldiers and horses from all walks of life entered Chang'an, burning, killing and looting. Six or seven of the ten people in the palace were set on fire. "The palace is in depression, and they are making grass.". At this time, the local governors were very dissatisfied with the eunuch Tian Lingzi's dictatorship, and many people targeted Tian Lingzi. Zhu Mei wanted to hijack Fu Zong, but Tian Lingzi failed to hijack Fu Zong from Dashan pass to Xingyuan (now Hanzhong), so she took Li Fu, the king of Xiang, who did not run away because of illness, to Chang'an and established him as a puppet emperor. Fu Zong is regarded as the "supreme emperor of Yuan Dynasty", which is actually the supreme emperor. It was in October of the second year of Guangqi (886).
This political change led to new changes in the relationship between the envoys and the imperial court. At the same time, he secretly ordered Wang Xingyu, Zhu Mei's favorite general, to return to Chang'an to deal with Zhu Mei. In December of the second year of Guangqi, Wang Xingyu killed hundreds of Zhu Mei and his followers and plundered them. This year's winter, extremely cold, the city Jiuqu snow, has not melted. On the night when Wang Xingyu led his troops into the city, it was extremely cold. After the city of Chang'an was plundered and stripped, the frozen dead people were lying on the ground, which was terrible. Some officials fled to the river. Wang chongrong pretended to welcome Feng, caught and killed him, and sent his first letter to Xingyuan, where he lived.
After the incident of Li Yu, king of Xiang in Chang'an, subsided, many officials were killed, Tian Lingzi was denounced, and Fu Zong planned to return to the capital. In March of the third year of the reign of emperor Guangqi (887), Li Changfu, the Jiedu envoy, had just arrived in Fengxiang when he was forced to stop in the name of waiting for the renovation of the Chang'an palace
Chinese PinYin : Li Yan
Li Yan
