Zhu Mu

Zhu Mu

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Zhu Mu (100-163) is the grandson of Zhu Hui, the Prime Minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty. First, filial piety and honesty. At the end of Emperor Shun's reign, Liang Ji, the general of the army, made a military mission. Emperor Huan served as a censor at that time. Feeling the vulgarity of the times, he wrote the theory of advocating the thick and the theory of breaking off friendship. At the beginning of Yongxing, he served as the governor of Jizhou to suppress the victims. Later, he offended the eunuch and was punished as a prisoner. Because thousands of people wrote about the injustice, he was forgiven. After living in the countryside for several years, he returned to worship the minister. The eunuch has not been removed. I'm worried and angry to death.

Life of the characters

Zhu Mu (100-163) was a scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Uncle Zi. Nanyang Wan (now Nanyang, Henan) people. In his family background, he was first filial and honest, and later served as a censor. As a governor of Jizhou, he was slandered for impeaching powerful people and restraining powerful people, and was sentenced to prison. He was upright and upright, and lived in the palace for decades. He "stuck to the good way", ate vegetables and clothes, and had no money left at home. At that time, there was a comment that "he was both a civil and military man, and a genius at home". Cai Yong praised Zhu Mu's integrity in his posthumous address to Zhu Gongshu, Ding Ming and stone tablet in front of Zhu Mu's grave. Zhu Mu criticized the government at that time, and pointed out that "the public Fu was heavy, and the private Fu was deep. Most of them are not elected by virtue, and they are greedy. If you meet people like Lu, or you will die under Chui. Or from the thief in urgent demand "," list plunder cut Su, force sufficient "(after the Han Dynasty, Zhu Mu Biography). He advocated reforming the bad government, eliminating eunuchs, selecting talents, and "reducing the expenses of the imperial residence and garden pool, and refusing to be presented by the prefectures" (same as above). He said: "a man of Tao takes the world as one, and he is still himself there. Therefore, if he violates Tao, he is ashamed of his heart, not afraid of righteousness. If he violates reason, he is bound by his will, not afraid of courtesy. Therefore, if he acts freely, he is called Tao. If he gains his nature, he is called virtue. If he loses his virtue, he will value benevolence and righteousness. Therefore, morality is based on benevolence and righteousness, while morality is based on propriety and law. Therefore, morality is based on benevolence and justice, and simplicity is based on propriety and law "(ditto). He praised heaven for its greatness and earth for its profundity, and criticized the bad social atmosphere and the extremely one-sided way of thinking at that time. He said: "it's Zangfu to slander. If you write down the short, you will find the long, if you belittle the bad, you will find the good. "Those who advance do not care about the future, those who are proud and noble do not treat others. Wisdom does not accept folly, the rich do not help the poor, the virtuous do not care for the lonely, and the wise do not survive in adversity." (the same as above) thinks that social fashion is a great force, "so when we teach vulgar beauty, we should be honest.". Profit can't induce; time is not vulgar, although the gentleman is evil. Righteousness cannot be stopped "(ditto). It points out that the social fashion at that time was getting worse and worse, and it was hard to recover. He said: "those who are advanced in the past do not reverse. Those who are born review the common customs and pursue them. It is based on vanity and faithfulness, mean and thick, pure and rare "(ditto). There are biographies in volume four and three of Hou Han Shu. There are two volumes in this collection. There are some works in volume 28 of Quan Hou Han Wen.

Zhu Mu was famous for his meditation, studiousness and dedication when he was young. Because of his energy and concentration, he lost his clothes or fell into the pit without knowing it. At the age of 50, he called himself a disciple of Zhao Kangfeng who lived in seclusion in Wudang Mountain in the same county. Zhu Mu was upright and resourceful. At the age of 20, he promoted filial piety and honesty. Later, he paid homage to the doctor and the minister. He was called "a man of both culture and military power, and a strange scholar in the sea" (Fan Ye: the biography of Zhu Mu, volume 43 of the book of the later Han Dynasty). At the end of Emperor Shun's reign, he was a general of Liang Ji, a military officer, and even a personal officer. Emperor Huan ascended to the throne and was promoted to the rank of imperial censor. Soon after, he moved to Yilang and joined the national history museum with Bian Shao, Cui Shi and Cao Shou. He wrote and revised Han Ji, biography of emperor Xiaomu, Emperor Chonger and empress shunlie, and supplemented biography of Waiqi and biography of scholars.

Emperor Huan advocated honesty, and Zhu mushui wrote the theory of advocating honesty, calling for the emphasis on morality and education; he also wrote the theory of breaking off friendship, advocating communication with the public. In the first year of Yongxing (153), there was a serious flood and famine in Jizhou, and the social order was chaotic. Zhu Mu was appointed as the governor of Jizhou. Because of Zhu Mu's prestige, corrupt officials fled. Among the 100 counties in Jizhou, more than 40 county officials escaped from India. When he arrived, he was severely punished as a corrupt official who was not evil. Finally, he was arrested, returned to the capital and punished as a criminal. Liu Tao, a student of Hou de Tai, and other thousands of people filed a petition for Zhu Mu Ming's injustice. Fang was released and returned to his hometown. After several years at home, he became a minister again and again, but he was still upright. He repeatedly wrote or admonished the eunuch in person, but emperor Huan refused. So he was excluded and slandered. He was angry and depressed all day, and died of gangrene in the sixth year of Yanxi (163). After Zhu Mu's death, he issued an imperial edict to the prefect of Yizhou, posthumously named "Mr. Wenzhong". Cai Yong attached great importance to good diction, and the only poem left was the poem of breaking off friendship with Liu bozong.

Historical records

According to the thirty third biography of Zhu le and he liezhuan in Volume 43 of the later Han Dynasty, Zhu Mu was written as uncle. When he was five years old, he was called filial piety. If one's parents are sick, they often don't eat and drink, but the difference is normal. And Zhuang delay learning, determined to recite, or think to, do not know lost clothes, British team pit shore. His father often thought that he was a fool and didn't know how to count his horses. Mu Yu is more refined.

First, filial piety and honesty. At the end of Emperor Shun's reign, the bandits of the Yangtze and Huaihe rivers rose in groups, and the prefectures and counties could not ban them. In other words, the General Liang Ji said, "Uncle Zhu is also a civil and military man. If he thinks that he is the master of the country, the thief is not even." Ji also had heard of Mu's name, but he was able to set it up. He was a military envoy, and he was very responsible. When Emperor Huan ascended the throne, the Empress Dowager shunlie faced the imperial court. Mu attached great importance to the royal family and hoped to support the royal family

Mu Funian will be at the age of Dinghai next year, and his punishment and morality will be in the position of Qian. In the book of changes, the meeting of the dragon war says, "the dragon war is in the wild, and the way is poor." It is said that Yang will win and vagina will lose. In September this year, the weather was gloomy, and the five four Marquises were not healthy. This is clear to each other. The good way belongs to Yang, and the evil way belongs to Yin. If we revise and defend Yang, and destroy the evil class, we will be blessed. Mu doesn't grasp everything. He only likes to learn. He is taught by his teacher, and sometimes he can try. I hope that the general will pay less attention to the foolish words, accept the Confucians, be loyal to them, give up their toleration, concentrate on the public court, cut off their selfish desires, widely seek the virtuous and capable, and denounce far away the evil. Madam, you have to learn. You should let heaven and earth go by the way. It's better to choose a master and a lecturer for the emperor. You have to be careful of those who are loyal and polite. The generals are all involved in the teaching. They are good at learning from the ancients. It's just like sitting on a plain in the south mountain. Who can do it! This summer, the Moon Halo room star, next year when there is a small er. It is advisable to punish the treacherous officials who are resented by the whole world in an urgent manner, and to take the blame for the calamity, to discuss the position of Lang and bureaucrat. Originally, they were scholars who were good at Confucianism, but now most of them are not themselves. Among the nine ministers, there are also those who are good at their duties. Only the general can observe. Also recommended species of rice, luanba and so on. Next year, Yan tuna plans to establish the king garlic of Qinghe, and Huang Long meets peiguo. Ji had no skill, so he took Mu's words of "dragon war" as his response, so he asked him to be Zhonglang, recommended Ba as Yilang, and promoted mu Gaodi as his imperial censor. At that time, Zhao Kang, a prosperous uncle in the same county, was hidden in Wudang Mountain. He was quiet but not an official. He passed on the classics to the professor. Mu was fifty years old, and he was called a disciple in the book. And when you die, you die like a teacher. He respected morality and Taoism, which he was convinced by at that time. He often feels thin when he is in the mood, and admires the virtue, which is his work on advocating the thick. His words are as follows:

It's not easy to be vulgar. Therefore, Zhong Ni sighed: "the road is also, and the soldiers are not with Yan." It's also an injury. A man of Tao takes the world as one and is still there. Therefore, if you act against the Tao, you will feel guilty, not afraid of righteousness; if you act against the reason, you will feel guilty, not afraid of propriety. Therefore, it is called Tao to act freely and virtue to gain its nature. When virtue is lost and then benevolence and justice are valued, morality moves with the rise of benevolence and justice, and etiquette and law prosper with simplicity. Therefore, virtue is based on benevolence and righteousness, and simplicity on etiquette and law. My husband's trust in the world has been weakened by the world, and the situation is weaker than that! So if you don't respect heaven, you won't have a wide coverage; if you don't have a deep land, you won't have a broad range of things; if you don't have people, you won't be far away. Once upon a time in Zhongni, it was old in the original soil, but Chu Yan couldn't bear it. From this point of view, the sages are virtuous. Laoshi's Scripture says: "the eldest husband is not in the thick, but in the thin. In fact, he is not in the beautiful, so he goes there and takes this." When a man gives, he gives, when he loses, he uses. Therefore, the way to answer people's faults is the right way; the way to save people's losses is the right way. In the past, Ma Yuan deeply revealed that he could be virtuous and admonished his elder brother and son, saying, "I want you to hear people's faults like your parents' names. You can hear with your ears, but you can't speak with your mouth. " It's time to talk. In the distance, sages and sages lived in the upper world, and in the near, Bingji and zhangziru lived in the Han Dynasty. So it's beautiful to be able to make a great voice in the world! However, when the customs or different, weathering not Dun, and still slander each other, that Zang No. If you remember the short, you will get the long. If you belittle the bad, you will get the good. All are long, and they can be called! All this and so on, do you behave as the first way of a gentleman, and you will be in danger. Sad husband! The doer does not know how to worry about it, so it is not as harmful as it can be. Now that it's gone, it's different. Everyone can see it and can't move. What is it? Those who make progress do not care about the future; those who are proud and noble do not treat others; those who are wise do not accept folly; those who are rich do not give relief to the poor; those who are virtuous are isolated but not compassionate; and those who are wise do not survive. Therefore, Tian Zhen showed the gold of an Guo with his respect, which was more than the words of leading Fang Jin with his noble power. My husband took Han and Zhai zhicao as the names of the Han Dynasty. However, he could not promote a poor and virtuous person and recommend an orphan, let alone the next one! This bird breath, the history of fish so full name in the first, and mo after the latter also. Therefore, if the time is not vulgar and beautiful, the villain will keep the right, and the benefit will not induce him; if the time is not vulgar and thin, though the gentleman is evil, the righteousness will not stop. What is it? Those who are advanced in the past but not in the opposite, while those who are later in the past review the common customs and pursue them. They are full of vanity and faithfulness, mean and honest. There is a sigh of "abandonment" in Gufeng, and a lament of "birdsong" in logging! Ho ho! The noble and noble, the noble and the noble, the noble and the noble, the noble and the noble, the noble and the noble, the noble and the noble. Then we should know the deficiency of the thin and the surplus of the thick. That and grass and trees are decayed, this and stone phase

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Mu