Zhu Zhiyu

Zhu Zhiyu

Zhu Zhiyu (December 26, 1600 to May 23, 1682) was born in Yuyao County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province in the Ming Dynasty. He was a Gongsheng in the late Ming Dynasty. Because in the late Ming Dynasty and the Southern Ming Dynasty had been three times the emperor characteristics, not on, called Zhengjun. Scholars and educators in Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Zhiyu was intelligent and studious, but despised fame. After the Qing army went south to the south of the Yangtze River, Zhu Zhiyu actively engaged in the struggle against the Qing Dynasty. First he followed the king of Lu who refused Zhoushan, and later he took part in the northern expedition of famous generals Zheng Chenggong and Zhang Huangyan. In 1659, Zhu Zhiyu saw that the Qing regime was becoming stronger and stronger, and there was no hope of restoring the Ming Dynasty. In order to preserve the national integrity, he resolutely left his homeland and went into exile in Japan. Zhu Zhiyu lived in Japan for more than 20 years, still wearing the clothes of Ming Dynasty and remembering his hometown.

His knowledge and virtue were well received and respected by the Japanese government and the public. He was invited to give lectures in Edo (today's Tokyo), where many famous scholars came to study. In his lectures, Zhu Zhiyu abandoned the empty preaching in Confucianism, advocated "practical learning, learning for practical use", and believed that "the way of learning lies in practice, and the learning of sages and sages is all in practice". His thoughts had a great influence on Japanese mitology. He also passed on China's advanced agriculture, medicine, architecture and technology to the Japanese people. The "Edo school" with Shunshui theory as its tenet has been influencing the "Meiji Restoration" and has contributed to the prosperity and progress of Japan. After Zhu Zhiyu's death, his lecture notes and questions and answers were printed into 28 volumes of Zhu Shunshui anthology by the father and son of Tokugawa Guangguo. Zhu Zhiyu, together with Huang Zongxi, Wang Fuzhi, Gu Yanwu and Yan Yuan, is known as the "five great masters of China in Ming Dynasty".

Life of the characters

Jue Yi Shi Jin

Zhu Zhiyu was born on November 12, the 28th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (i.e. December 26, 1600) and died at the end of April 17, the 36th year of Zheng Yongli in the Ming Dynasty (i.e. May 23, 1682). Zeng Zu's name is Zhao, and his name is Shou Yu. His grandfather, named Confucius and Mencius, was named huiweng. In his life, he let the emperor's favor go away three times. His father Zhu Zheng, whose name is Cunzhi, was named Dinghuan. The emperor issued an imperial edict to Guanglu, a senior official of the state of Shangzhu, and granted the governor the military gate of water transportation, but he was not appointed. His mother, Jin, had three sons: his eldest brother, Qiming, was named Zhiqi; his second brother, Chonglin, was named Zhijin; Zhiyu ranked third. After Zhu Zhiyu lost his father at the age of eight, his family was in decline and his life was poor, which even affected his study. Zhu Qiming, the eldest brother, was a Jinshi of Zhongwu in the fifth year of Tianqi (1625). Later, he was promoted to the chief of Shenwu battalion in Nanjing and the governor of the water transport army. Zhu Zhiyu, with his elder brother Ren, was a Confucian student in Songjiang Prefecture. Zhu Yongyou, a scholar in Songjiang Prefecture, and Zhang KENTANG, a Bachelor of Dongge University and a minister of Li Hu Gong, and Wu zhongluan, a minister of rites of Wujin scholar, were his teachers. He was especially good at poetry and books.

In the 11th year of Chongzhen (1638), Zhu Zhiyu was recommended to the Ministry of rites as "the best in both literature and martial arts". When Zhu Zhiyu saw that "the world is deteriorating, the country is right and wrong", "officials get money, and government bribes success", the government was in disorder. He could not be tolerated by the common customs, so he gave up his official career and focused on learning. He once said to his wife, "if I am the first Jinshi to be a magistrate, I will be arrested at the beginning of the year. In the next three years, when the people chant morality and the officials praise me, I will get the right way.". From this advice, you will get a big crime, and your wealth will not be protected. He has a strong sense of shallowness, but he can't bear it. So he is determined to go to the top. " Zhu Shunshui does not seek fame and wealth, but is keen on caring about the people's livelihood, and often tells people: "the secular people are happy to be promoted, and the virtuous and gentleman are happy to be able to do what they say. Words and deeds, the road itself. The love of the world, wisdom and his descendants. A high official will bring honor to his body, and a thick salary will benefit his descendants for many generations. You're a gentleman. You're a gentleman. If you are in the world, you will worry about the world. If you are in a country, you will worry about the people's livelihood. As for the glory and exhaustion of one's body and the wealth and wealth of one's food, he is indifferent, so he is only happy to do his way. "

In 1644, when Zhu Shunshui was 45 years old, Li Zicheng captured Beijing, and Chongzhen emperor hanged himself in Meishan (now Jingshan). Soon after, Zhu Yousong, the king of fortune, was located in Nanjing. At this time, Fang Guoan, the Jiangnan general, recommended Zhu Zhiyu and ordered him to be recruited by the emperor. He did not take office. In the first month of the first year of Hongguang (1645), the emperor ordered to recruit him, but he still did not take office. In April, on the recommendation of Fang Guoan, the Duke of the state of Jing, the imperial court appointed him as the Deputy envoy of Jiangxi's Tixing chasi and the official of the Ministry of war. He was still not appointed to supervise Fang Guoan's army. He refused to be called up three times in one year, so he was hated by treacherous officials. The next year, he was arrested for the crime of "not being ordered by the court, no courtiers". Zhu Zhiyu fled to Zhoushan overnight and took business as a cover.

Anti Qing Dynasty and restoration of Ming Dynasty

In May of the first year of Hongguang (1645), the Qing army captured Nanjing, Emperor Hongguang left, and Fang Guoan and Ruan Dacheng surrendered to the Qing army. After the fall of emperor Hongguang, two leading forces emerged in the Ming Dynasty, namely, Emperor shaozong Longwu (King Zhu Yujian of Tang Dynasty) regime and King Lu Jianguo (Zhu Yihai) regime. Soon after, the Qing army captured Fujian and killed emperor Longwu. At this time, the king of Lu led his men to occupy Nan'ao Island, and then captured Zhoushan Islands. At this time, Zhu Zhiyu went to Japan for the first time to raise money. He wanted to use Japanese reinforcements to support Wang Xu, the general of Zhoushan and the left servant of the Ministry of war, in order to restore the Central Plains. Due to Japan's maritime ban, foreigners are not allowed to stay, so they have to return to Zhoushan. In 1650, Zhu Zhiyu floated again to Japan in the East China Sea, only to be found by the Qing soldiers. The Qing invaders surrounded him and forced him to surrender. However, he talked and laughed freely and vowed to die. Liu Wengao and others were moved by his martyrs and secretly drove him back to Zhoushan. The next year, Zhu Zhiyu went to Japan again, and then from Japan to Annan. When he was about to set out to return to Zhoushan, Zhoushan and Siming stronghold were captured by the Qing army. Wang Yi, Zhu Yongyou and Wu zhongluan, Zhu Zhiyu's best friends and teachers, died for the country, especially Wang Yi. When Zhu Zhiyu heard about it overseas, he said that "the Mid Autumn Festival ended for Wang Shilang, a close friend of the Chinese people's Republic of China. When the time came, he was prepared to be sad, so he abolished the festival all his life. "

In 1654, the king of Lu summoned Zhu Zhiyu, who was 55 years old. But because his things were wandering and his residence was uncertain, the seal came to him two years later. In the book, the king of Lu accused him of "asking for instructions to occupy the city and not going back to the city. Shi ridiculed him for refusing to go back to the king." I hope he will return to China as soon as possible. Holding an imperial edict in his hand, Zhu Shunshui lamented his generosity and wanted to go to Siming (now Xiamen) immediately to return to Zhoushan. However, he had no means of transportation and was trapped in Annan. He had to first reply to a letter from the king of Lu, stating his painstaking efforts in overseas operation and fund-raising over the years. In Ding you's "Xie en memorials", he said: "last year, when we asked for help, we got a boat. It means that at the end of autumn and the beginning of winter, you can pay homage to tonglong and Fu Chen Zhongqu. After several years of overseas operation, the minister said that he could report to the imperial court properly. He should discuss with his vassal officials carefully, but he didn't want the treacherous man as a hindrance. His ship went out to Haikou for half a month without success. The resumption of Annan will end the indignation. " "In the past ten years of planning, Fang Xi was right. He wanted to make great contributions to his ancestors, to repay his father and to assist his ministers."

Zhu Zhiyu, a Gongsheng, was ordered by the king of Lu. Chen Yizhong, the former Prime Minister of Song Dynasty, ordered him to occupy the city, but he didn't go back to the city. Although we can't do it at that time, those who know the way of sages and sages should do their best to return to heaven's determination to balance life. If they go away, who will be responsible for the affairs in the world? To the national transport dingyang nine, line pulse still exist, Chongguang can wait. Kuang's ancestors' merits and virtues should be far greater than those of Jin and Song dynasties. In addition, today's Sichuan, Guizhou, and Chu provinces have entered the territory, and western Guangdong has long respected zhengshuo, that is, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang. Not if Jing Yan's generation, potential in its poor, it is appropriate not to return, also do not hear that there is life to call it also. I can't break it. I'm far away from home. I can't forget my family. I can't wait to try again. How can I forget my love? Yu Mengmei, who is pursuing virtue, has been waiting for a long time. I hereby summon you. But I can say that I will come to assist you and revive my career. I will devote myself to your righteous work, and my mother's safety will not be affected by other countries. Chinjat.

-------Shenyue in the ninth year of Lu Dynasty

In the first month of 1657, Zhu Shunshui, who was eager to return home as soon as possible, was waiting for a Japanese boat and was ready to cross the sea to return home. But in February, he was detained for more than 50 days because of Annan's difficulty in serving. King Annan knew that he was a Chinese scholar, so he kept him, worshipped his officials, and forced him to kneel down. Zhu Zhiyu stood upright and refused to kneel down. Zhu Zhiyu used his staff to add a word "bu" to the word "Bai". In front of Zhu Zhiyu, King Annan killed many people to intimidate him. Zhu Zhiyu was never condescending. He was really powerful and unyielding. Zhu Zhiyu was fifty-eight years old. In order to remember the difficulties of old age, he kept a diary one by one, and took the meaning of "ordinary people call for service, then go to service", which was named Annam service chronicle.

In 1660, he was invited by Zheng Chenggong and Zhang Huangyan to return to fight against the Qing Dynasty. He immediately set out and returned to Xiamen on October 19. In the summer of 1661, Zheng Chenggong and Zhang Huangyan joined forces in the northern expedition to recover Guazhou and conquer Zhenjiang. At one time, the Northern Expedition army marched smoothly, recovered four prefectures, two prefectures and 24 counties, and reached the outskirts of Nanjing. The military power shocked the southeast. However, due to Zheng Chenggong's short-sightedness, he blindly stationed his troops under the strong city of Nanjing, which resulted in a delay in the battle and lax law enforcement. In July, the northern expedition was defeated outside Nanjing. Zheng Chenggong retreated to the coast of Fujian Province, and then went to sea. He had no choice but to fight in Taiwan. Zhang Huangyan was arrested and killed several years later. In view of the hopeless recovery of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Zhiyu vowed not to shave his hair. "It's the ambition of the whole festival to go across the sea." he learned from Lu Zhonglian but not from Emperor Qin. He once again spent the day in desolation and never returned to his hometown. In the winter of this year, he went to Japan for the last time without success

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Zhi Yu